[Solved] GrCA fEB 15 2025

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

– 2 years ago

**files (4)**

– ## 2REVIEW-cStudentSampleObj.Summ.2024-20252.docx

– ## FirstObjectiveSummary.docx

– ## literaturereviewfab222025.docx

– ## 2REVIEW-dStudentSamplePart2LitRev_2024-20251.pdf

**## 2REVIEW-cStudentSampleObj.Summ.2024-20252.docx**

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****Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States****

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

**Color coding: who, when, where, why, how methodology**
**_&_ how process, what**

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 in the United States, France, Spain, and the Netherlands to examine the efficiency of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A systematic review was used to collect data from studies of mostly non-Caucasian women from low-income population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation. Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al. 2021). The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings. The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et al. 2021).

**References**

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A systematic review.
_Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32_(1), 119-136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

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**## FirstObjectiveSummary.docx**

**CLASS/HW: First Objective Summary [graded within 24 hours]**

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is not a working final document assignment; however, it will eventually make its way to the working final document–just not yet.

For this submission, you will need to create a new WORD document and you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks**, in addition to the
**new skills learned this week** and through the later
**Prep Tasks** below:

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

· Page 1 =
**APA 7 Title Page**: your title can be something along the lines of, "Objective Summary of Prevalence Research Article" — of course, it will be worded to be relevant to YOUR relevant research variable

· Page 2 =
**Your objective summary** written as an academic paragraph (indented and full sentences) and color-coded with the designated colored font for each component.
Use your EXCEL Research Tracker to help you summarize one of your research articles in your own words:

_hint: copy this color chart into your Word document where you will write these, so you remember!_

WHO = Dark BLUE

WHY = PURPLE

WHEN = RED

WHERE = GREEN

HOW + Process = ORANGE

WHAT = Lighter BLUE

· Page 3 = Your
**APA 7 References Page** (with only the research article you summarized)

**(2) REVIEW:** Open the following student sample document. Be sure yours looks similar prior to proceeding.

**(2) REVIEW – c Student Sample Obj. Summ. (2024-2025) (2).docx**

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) PLAGIARISM CHECKERS:** Review the following document to learn how to meet the newly implemented submission requirements that will be expected for each written assignment in the remaining weeks:

**SUBMISSION TASK (1) plagiarism checkers (2) (1).pptx**

**(2) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(3) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 10%).** You will have to take multiple screenshots if your document is over 500 words.

**(4) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**SUBMISSION (4) Scribbr Screenshot (3).pdf**

**(5) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot first, then (2) your assignment WITH title and references pages.**

**## literaturereviewfab222025.docx**

You cannot complete this assignment successfully without writing a successful objective summary from last class.

If you earned less than an 85% on your first objective summary, you must copy my comments from that assignment, and assure me you dealt with any issues, and HIGHLIGHT the changes you make, THEN ensure you do not repeat these errors for your new objective summaries for the task below.

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————-

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is a working final document assignment.

For this submission, you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks:**

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

·
**Title & References pages**

·
**Narrative and parenthetical in-text citation control of single-sourced paragraphs**

·
**Transitional phrases**

·
**Paraphrasing**

**(2) REVIEW:** Your work must look like the sample below:

**(2) REVIEW – d Student Sample Part 2 Lit Rev_ (2024-2025) (1).pdf**

**(3) OPEN UP YOUR '**
**_WORKING DOCUMENT_' WE SAVED IN W. 6:**

·
**a.** Rename this document as "W.7 – Working Final Exam Document" or similar.

·
**b.** Give your paper a name now and update it on your Title Page.

**(4) PRE-SET YOUR LEVEL HEADERS:** Avoid mistakes later and use the sample below to set up proper level headers in your working final document.

**W. 7 Working Doc Set Up – Level Headers (2024-2025) (1) (1).docx**

**(5) WORK ON YOUR SUBMISSION:**

· Go back to your Week 6 objective summary submissions to review any of my yellow notes, comments, and the rubric to update your document.

· Put your summaries in an order that makes sense given how you compare and contrast them using your
_who, when, where, why, how,_ and
_what_ EXCEL Research Tracker.

·
_Use your transition compare and contrast words (similar to…etc) – when you use these words,_
_**please be sure to say somewhere HOW are they similar, etc.**_

**5a. USE:**

**(5a.) USE – compare and contrast words (1).pdf**

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————–

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(2) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 30%),** one for each objective summary written.

**(3) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**(4) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot(s) first, then (2) your assignment**.

**## 2REVIEW-dStudentSamplePart2LitRev_2024-20251.pdf**

1

Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

2

Literature Review

Review of Literature

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Factors

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 to examine the efficiency

of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal

death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A

systematic review was used to collect data from the United States, France, Spain, and the

Netherlands. The studies consisted of mostly non- Caucasian women from low-income

population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation.

Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented

prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al., 2021).

The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a

combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm

birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on

enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings.

The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable

population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions

were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et

al., 2021).

Similar observations were made in a study conducted by Nichols and Cohen (2020),

between 2006 and 2018 to examine the methods used to improve the results of maternal

mortality in California. The study was conducted using a scoping review to evaluate research on

3

women and maternal health in the United States. The researchers used information from the US

Maternal Fetal Medicine Network to measure the percentage of studies where pregnant women,

women, and children were the main focus. The researchers also reviewed documentation on

healthcare policies and practices from California’s public health department, healthcare

foundation, and Maternal Quality Care Collaborative. Nichols and Cohen (2020) found that

although the health of fetus and children could be adversely affected by the health of the mother,

the majority of maternal programs in the United States places emphasis on the child. The

researchers also found four areas of concern in women health experiences, both in pre and

postnatal care. The problem areas entailed inadequate investment in women's health, inefficient

quality of care and avoidable caesarean delivers, expanding disparities in minority women and

women living in rural areas, and contradictory collection and distribution of data (Nichols &

Cohen, 2020).

Approaches to Improving Pregnancy Outcomes

In contrast to the preceding studies, Zhang et al. (2013) conducted a study between 2005

and 2007 to calculate the excessive rate of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy within racial and

ethnic groups. The study also aimed to measure the possibility of Medicaid savings that are

linked to paid maternal care claims resulting from the inequalities that contribute to unfavorable

maternal outcomes. A cross-sectional study using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data was

used to gather pregnancy outcome information from inpatient hospitals from 14 states (Florida,

Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Maryland,

Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas). The study consisted of a little over 2

million patients who were insured with Medicaid and had a delivery code of maternal delivery

stay. Zhang et al. (2013) found that, with the exception of gestational diabetes, African American

4

women showed the worst outcomes out of all unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. These disparities

are postulated as being multi-factorial, having causes stemming from complicated experiences

with racism, poverty, and complex healthcare interactions. It was also found that women covered

under Medicaid health insurance were more likely to have consistency in care from prenatal care

through delivery compared to their counterparts. However, due to participation in Medicaid

programs being influenced by reimbursement rates, some providers may choose to stop

accepting Medicaid patients because of reimbursement delays and low payment rates, which

could contribute to negative birth outcomes (Zhang et al., 2013).

5

References

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal

care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A

systematic review. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(1), 119-

136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-

targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

Nichols, C. R., & Cohen, A. K. (2020). Preventing maternal mortality in the United States:

Lessons from California and policy recommendations. Journal of Public Health Policy,

42(1), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00264-9

Rabin, R. C. (2019, May 8). Huge racial disparities persist in pregnancy-related deaths, and are

growing. New York Times, A20(L).

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A584694288/ITOF?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

ITOF&xid=b9422ff9

Zhang, S., Cardarelli, K., Shim, R., Ye, J., Booker, K. L., & Rust, G. (2013). Racial disparities in

economic and clinical outcomes of pregnancy among Medicaid recipients. Maternal and

Child Health Journal, 17(8), 1518+.

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A344827866/PPNU?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

PPNU&xid=51747d52

**## 2REVIEW-dStudentSamplePart2LitRev_2024-20251.pdf**

1

Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

2

Literature Review

Review of Literature

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Factors

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 to examine the efficiency

of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal

death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A

systematic review was used to collect data from the United States, France, Spain, and the

Netherlands. The studies consisted of mostly non- Caucasian women from low-income

population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation.

Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented

prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al., 2021).

The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a

combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm

birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on

enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings.

The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable

population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions

were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et

al., 2021).

Similar observations were made in a study conducted by Nichols and Cohen (2020),

between 2006 and 2018 to examine the methods used to improve the results of maternal

mortality in California. The study was conducted using a scoping review to evaluate research on

3

women and maternal health in the United States. The researchers used information from the US

Maternal Fetal Medicine Network to measure the percentage of studies where pregnant women,

women, and children were the main focus. The researchers also reviewed documentation on

healthcare policies and practices from California’s public health department, healthcare

foundation, and Maternal Quality Care Collaborative. Nichols and Cohen (2020) found that

although the health of fetus and children could be adversely affected by the health of the mother,

the majority of maternal programs in the United States places emphasis on the child. The

researchers also found four areas of concern in women health experiences, both in pre and

postnatal care. The problem areas entailed inadequate investment in women's health, inefficient

quality of care and avoidable caesarean delivers, expanding disparities in minority women and

women living in rural areas, and contradictory collection and distribution of data (Nichols &

Cohen, 2020).

Approaches to Improving Pregnancy Outcomes

In contrast to the preceding studies, Zhang et al. (2013) conducted a study between 2005

and 2007 to calculate the excessive rate of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy within racial and

ethnic groups. The study also aimed to measure the possibility of Medicaid savings that are

linked to paid maternal care claims resulting from the inequalities that contribute to unfavorable

maternal outcomes. A cross-sectional study using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data was

used to gather pregnancy outcome information from inpatient hospitals from 14 states (Florida,

Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Maryland,

Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas). The study consisted of a little over 2

million patients who were insured with Medicaid and had a delivery code of maternal delivery

stay. Zhang et al. (2013) found that, with the exception of gestational diabetes, African American

4

women showed the worst outcomes out of all unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. These disparities

are postulated as being multi-factorial, having causes stemming from complicated experiences

with racism, poverty, and complex healthcare interactions. It was also found that women covered

under Medicaid health insurance were more likely to have consistency in care from prenatal care

through delivery compared to their counterparts. However, due to participation in Medicaid

programs being influenced by reimbursement rates, some providers may choose to stop

accepting Medicaid patients because of reimbursement delays and low payment rates, which

could contribute to negative birth outcomes (Zhang et al., 2013).

5

References

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal

care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A

systematic review. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(1), 119-

136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-

targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

Nichols, C. R., & Cohen, A. K. (2020). Preventing maternal mortality in the United States:

Lessons from California and policy recommendations. Journal of Public Health Policy,

42(1), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00264-9

Rabin, R. C. (2019, May 8). Huge racial disparities persist in pregnancy-related deaths, and are

growing. New York Times, A20(L).

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A584694288/ITOF?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

ITOF&xid=b9422ff9

Zhang, S., Cardarelli, K., Shim, R., Ye, J., Booker, K. L., & Rust, G. (2013). Racial disparities in

economic and clinical outcomes of pregnancy among Medicaid recipients. Maternal and

Child Health Journal, 17(8), 1518+.

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A344827866/PPNU?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

PPNU&xid=51747d52

**## 2REVIEW-cStudentSampleObj.Summ.2024-20252.docx**

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| — | — |
| | 4 |

****Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States****

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

**Color coding: who, when, where, why, how methodology**
**_&_ how process, what**

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 in the United States, France, Spain, and the Netherlands to examine the efficiency of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A systematic review was used to collect data from studies of mostly non-Caucasian women from low-income population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation. Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al. 2021). The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings. The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et al. 2021).

**References**

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A systematic review.
_Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32_(1), 119-136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

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| — | — | — |
| | | |

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |

**## FirstObjectiveSummary.docx**

**CLASS/HW: First Objective Summary [graded within 24 hours]**

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is not a working final document assignment; however, it will eventually make its way to the working final document–just not yet.

For this submission, you will need to create a new WORD document and you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks**, in addition to the
**new skills learned this week** and through the later
**Prep Tasks** below:

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

· Page 1 =
**APA 7 Title Page**: your title can be something along the lines of, "Objective Summary of Prevalence Research Article" — of course, it will be worded to be relevant to YOUR relevant research variable

· Page 2 =
**Your objective summary** written as an academic paragraph (indented and full sentences) and color-coded with the designated colored font for each component.
Use your EXCEL Research Tracker to help you summarize one of your research articles in your own words:

_hint: copy this color chart into your Word document where you will write these, so you remember!_

WHO = Dark BLUE

WHY = PURPLE

WHEN = RED

WHERE = GREEN

HOW + Process = ORANGE

WHAT = Lighter BLUE

· Page 3 = Your
**APA 7 References Page** (with only the research article you summarized)

**(2) REVIEW:** Open the following student sample document. Be sure yours looks similar prior to proceeding.

**(2) REVIEW – c Student Sample Obj. Summ. (2024-2025) (2).docx**

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) PLAGIARISM CHECKERS:** Review the following document to learn how to meet the newly implemented submission requirements that will be expected for each written assignment in the remaining weeks:

**SUBMISSION TASK (1) plagiarism checkers (2) (1).pptx**

**(2) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(3) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 10%).** You will have to take multiple screenshots if your document is over 500 words.

**(4) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**SUBMISSION (4) Scribbr Screenshot (3).pdf**

**(5) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot first, then (2) your assignment WITH title and references pages.**

**## literaturereviewfab222025.docx**

You cannot complete this assignment successfully without writing a successful objective summary from last class.

If you earned less than an 85% on your first objective summary, you must copy my comments from that assignment, and assure me you dealt with any issues, and HIGHLIGHT the changes you make, THEN ensure you do not repeat these errors for your new objective summaries for the task below.

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————-

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is a working final document assignment.

For this submission, you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks:**

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

·
**Title & References pages**

·
**Narrative and parenthetical in-text citation control of single-sourced paragraphs**

·
**Transitional phrases**

·
**Paraphrasing**

**(2) REVIEW:** Your work must look like the sample below:

**(2) REVIEW – d Student Sample Part 2 Lit Rev_ (2024-2025) (1).pdf**

**(3) OPEN UP YOUR '**
**_WORKING DOCUMENT_' WE SAVED IN W. 6:**

·
**a.** Rename this document as "W.7 – Working Final Exam Document" or similar.

·
**b.** Give your paper a name now and update it on your Title Page.

**(4) PRE-SET YOUR LEVEL HEADERS:** Avoid mistakes later and use the sample below to set up proper level headers in your working final document.

**W. 7 Working Doc Set Up – Level Headers (2024-2025) (1) (1).docx**

**(5) WORK ON YOUR SUBMISSION:**

· Go back to your Week 6 objective summary submissions to review any of my yellow notes, comments, and the rubric to update your document.

· Put your summaries in an order that makes sense given how you compare and contrast them using your
_who, when, where, why, how,_ and
_what_ EXCEL Research Tracker.

·
_Use your transition compare and contrast words (similar to…etc) – when you use these words,_
_**please be sure to say somewhere HOW are they similar, etc.**_

**5a. USE:**

**(5a.) USE – compare and contrast words (1).pdf**

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————–

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(2) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 30%),** one for each objective summary written.

**(3) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**(4) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot(s) first, then (2) your assignment**.

**## 2REVIEW-dStudentSamplePart2LitRev_2024-20251.pdf**

1

Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

2

Literature Review

Review of Literature

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Factors

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 to examine the efficiency

of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal

death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A

systematic review was used to collect data from the United States, France, Spain, and the

Netherlands. The studies consisted of mostly non- Caucasian women from low-income

population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation.

Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented

prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al., 2021).

The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a

combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm

birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on

enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings.

The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable

population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions

were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et

al., 2021).

Similar observations were made in a study conducted by Nichols and Cohen (2020),

between 2006 and 2018 to examine the methods used to improve the results of maternal

mortality in California. The study was conducted using a scoping review to evaluate research on

3

women and maternal health in the United States. The researchers used information from the US

Maternal Fetal Medicine Network to measure the percentage of studies where pregnant women,

women, and children were the main focus. The researchers also reviewed documentation on

healthcare policies and practices from California’s public health department, healthcare

foundation, and Maternal Quality Care Collaborative. Nichols and Cohen (2020) found that

although the health of fetus and children could be adversely affected by the health of the mother,

the majority of maternal programs in the United States places emphasis on the child. The

researchers also found four areas of concern in women health experiences, both in pre and

postnatal care. The problem areas entailed inadequate investment in women's health, inefficient

quality of care and avoidable caesarean delivers, expanding disparities in minority women and

women living in rural areas, and contradictory collection and distribution of data (Nichols &

Cohen, 2020).

Approaches to Improving Pregnancy Outcomes

In contrast to the preceding studies, Zhang et al. (2013) conducted a study between 2005

and 2007 to calculate the excessive rate of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy within racial and

ethnic groups. The study also aimed to measure the possibility of Medicaid savings that are

linked to paid maternal care claims resulting from the inequalities that contribute to unfavorable

maternal outcomes. A cross-sectional study using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data was

used to gather pregnancy outcome information from inpatient hospitals from 14 states (Florida,

Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Maryland,

Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas). The study consisted of a little over 2

million patients who were insured with Medicaid and had a delivery code of maternal delivery

stay. Zhang et al. (2013) found that, with the exception of gestational diabetes, African American

4

women showed the worst outcomes out of all unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. These disparities

are postulated as being multi-factorial, having causes stemming from complicated experiences

with racism, poverty, and complex healthcare interactions. It was also found that women covered

under Medicaid health insurance were more likely to have consistency in care from prenatal care

through delivery compared to their counterparts. However, due to participation in Medicaid

programs being influenced by reimbursement rates, some providers may choose to stop

accepting Medicaid patients because of reimbursement delays and low payment rates, which

could contribute to negative birth outcomes (Zhang et al., 2013).

5

References

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal

care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A

systematic review. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(1), 119-

136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-

targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

Nichols, C. R., & Cohen, A. K. (2020). Preventing maternal mortality in the United States:

Lessons from California and policy recommendations. Journal of Public Health Policy,

42(1), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00264-9

Rabin, R. C. (2019, May 8). Huge racial disparities persist in pregnancy-related deaths, and are

growing. New York Times, A20(L).

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A584694288/ITOF?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

ITOF&xid=b9422ff9

Zhang, S., Cardarelli, K., Shim, R., Ye, J., Booker, K. L., & Rust, G. (2013). Racial disparities in

economic and clinical outcomes of pregnancy among Medicaid recipients. Maternal and

Child Health Journal, 17(8), 1518+.

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A344827866/PPNU?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

PPNU&xid=51747d52

**## 2REVIEW-cStudentSampleObj.Summ.2024-20252.docx**

| | |
| — | — |
| | 1 |

| | |
| — | — |
| | 4 |

****Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States****

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

**Color coding: who, when, where, why, how methodology**
**_&_ how process, what**

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 in the United States, France, Spain, and the Netherlands to examine the efficiency of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A systematic review was used to collect data from studies of mostly non-Caucasian women from low-income population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation. Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al. 2021). The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings. The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et al. 2021).

**References**

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A systematic review.
_Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32_(1), 119-136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |

**## FirstObjectiveSummary.docx**

**CLASS/HW: First Objective Summary [graded within 24 hours]**

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is not a working final document assignment; however, it will eventually make its way to the working final document–just not yet.

For this submission, you will need to create a new WORD document and you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks**, in addition to the
**new skills learned this week** and through the later
**Prep Tasks** below:

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

· Page 1 =
**APA 7 Title Page**: your title can be something along the lines of, "Objective Summary of Prevalence Research Article" — of course, it will be worded to be relevant to YOUR relevant research variable

· Page 2 =
**Your objective summary** written as an academic paragraph (indented and full sentences) and color-coded with the designated colored font for each component.
Use your EXCEL Research Tracker to help you summarize one of your research articles in your own words:

_hint: copy this color chart into your Word document where you will write these, so you remember!_

WHO = Dark BLUE

WHY = PURPLE

WHEN = RED

WHERE = GREEN

HOW + Process = ORANGE

WHAT = Lighter BLUE

· Page 3 = Your
**APA 7 References Page** (with only the research article you summarized)

**(2) REVIEW:** Open the following student sample document. Be sure yours looks similar prior to proceeding.

**(2) REVIEW – c Student Sample Obj. Summ. (2024-2025) (2).docx**

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) PLAGIARISM CHECKERS:** Review the following document to learn how to meet the newly implemented submission requirements that will be expected for each written assignment in the remaining weeks:

**SUBMISSION TASK (1) plagiarism checkers (2) (1).pptx**

**(2) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(3) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 10%).** You will have to take multiple screenshots if your document is over 500 words.

**(4) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**SUBMISSION (4) Scribbr Screenshot (3).pdf**

**(5) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot first, then (2) your assignment WITH title and references pages.**

**## literaturereviewfab222025.docx**

You cannot complete this assignment successfully without writing a successful objective summary from last class.

If you earned less than an 85% on your first objective summary, you must copy my comments from that assignment, and assure me you dealt with any issues, and HIGHLIGHT the changes you make, THEN ensure you do not repeat these errors for your new objective summaries for the task below.

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————-

**PREP TASKS**

**(1) READ:** This assignment is a working final document assignment.

For this submission, you are expected to demonstrate the following
**compounded skills from previous weeks:**

·
**APA 7 Basics**: double-spaced, before and after set to zero; 1 inch margins all around; Times New Roman, 12 pt font; page numbers, upper right in header

·
**Title & References pages**

·
**Narrative and parenthetical in-text citation control of single-sourced paragraphs**

·
**Transitional phrases**

·
**Paraphrasing**

**(2) REVIEW:** Your work must look like the sample below:

**(2) REVIEW – d Student Sample Part 2 Lit Rev_ (2024-2025) (1).pdf**

**(3) OPEN UP YOUR '**
**_WORKING DOCUMENT_' WE SAVED IN W. 6:**

·
**a.** Rename this document as "W.7 – Working Final Exam Document" or similar.

·
**b.** Give your paper a name now and update it on your Title Page.

**(4) PRE-SET YOUR LEVEL HEADERS:** Avoid mistakes later and use the sample below to set up proper level headers in your working final document.

**W. 7 Working Doc Set Up – Level Headers (2024-2025) (1) (1).docx**

**(5) WORK ON YOUR SUBMISSION:**

· Go back to your Week 6 objective summary submissions to review any of my yellow notes, comments, and the rubric to update your document.

· Put your summaries in an order that makes sense given how you compare and contrast them using your
_who, when, where, why, how,_ and
_what_ EXCEL Research Tracker.

·
_Use your transition compare and contrast words (similar to…etc) – when you use these words,_
_**please be sure to say somewhere HOW are they similar, etc.**_

**5a. USE:**

**(5a.) USE – compare and contrast words (1).pdf**

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————–

**SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT TASKS**

**(1) CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY:**

· Submit your assignment into the CHECK YOUR SIMILARITY HERE folder

· Evaluate EVERY highlighted text EXCEPT the References Page and in-text citations to ensure it links only back to
your own work.

**(2) TAKE YOUR AI TEXT DETECTOR SCREENSHOT:**

· Paste your written text into this FREE AI Text Detector: Click here –>
[Scribbr AI Text Detector](https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/)

· Take a screenshot of your text and the percentage
**(NOT TO EXCEED 30%),** one for each objective summary written.

**(3) FINALIZE:** Make sure your screenshot looks like the screenshot below.

**(4) SUBMIT:** Attach your AI screenshot(s) WITH your WORD document submission. You will be attaching 2 documents in the submission box:
**(1) the screenshot(s) first, then (2) your assignment**.

**## 2REVIEW-dStudentSamplePart2LitRev_2024-20251.pdf**

1

Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Tamifer Lewis

Department of Public Health, Monroe College, King Graduate School

KG604-144: Graduate Research and Critical Analysis

Dr. Manya Bouteneff

December 4, 2022

2

Literature Review

Review of Literature

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Factors

Darling et al. (2021) conducted a study between 2001 and 2018 to examine the efficiency

of qualified interventions in preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal

death, cesarean deliveries, maternal care satisfaction, and coast effectiveness programs. A

systematic review was used to collect data from the United States, France, Spain, and the

Netherlands. The studies consisted of mostly non- Caucasian women from low-income

population ranging from 12 to 46 years of age and being between 20 to 32 weeks' gestation.

Interventional programs were implemented into three categories: group prenatal care, augmented

prenatal care, or a combination of both group and augmented prenatal care (Darling et al., 2021).

The researchers found that certain interventions, such as prenatal care and augmented care, or a

combination of both, may decrease adverse outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and preterm

birth, and could aid in increasing maternal care satisfaction. Interventions that worked on

enhancing coordination of care were found to result in providing more effective cost savings.

The researchers also found disparities in the quality of access to care in the vulnerable

population. There was insufficient evidence of suitable quality to confirm that the interventions

were successful at enhancing clinical outcomes in prenatal care for at risk populations (Darling et

al., 2021).

Similar observations were made in a study conducted by Nichols and Cohen (2020),

between 2006 and 2018 to examine the methods used to improve the results of maternal

mortality in California. The study was conducted using a scoping review to evaluate research on

3

women and maternal health in the United States. The researchers used information from the US

Maternal Fetal Medicine Network to measure the percentage of studies where pregnant women,

women, and children were the main focus. The researchers also reviewed documentation on

healthcare policies and practices from California’s public health department, healthcare

foundation, and Maternal Quality Care Collaborative. Nichols and Cohen (2020) found that

although the health of fetus and children could be adversely affected by the health of the mother,

the majority of maternal programs in the United States places emphasis on the child. The

researchers also found four areas of concern in women health experiences, both in pre and

postnatal care. The problem areas entailed inadequate investment in women's health, inefficient

quality of care and avoidable caesarean delivers, expanding disparities in minority women and

women living in rural areas, and contradictory collection and distribution of data (Nichols &

Cohen, 2020).

Approaches to Improving Pregnancy Outcomes

In contrast to the preceding studies, Zhang et al. (2013) conducted a study between 2005

and 2007 to calculate the excessive rate of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy within racial and

ethnic groups. The study also aimed to measure the possibility of Medicaid savings that are

linked to paid maternal care claims resulting from the inequalities that contribute to unfavorable

maternal outcomes. A cross-sectional study using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data was

used to gather pregnancy outcome information from inpatient hospitals from 14 states (Florida,

Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Maryland,

Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas). The study consisted of a little over 2

million patients who were insured with Medicaid and had a delivery code of maternal delivery

stay. Zhang et al. (2013) found that, with the exception of gestational diabetes, African American

4

women showed the worst outcomes out of all unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. These disparities

are postulated as being multi-factorial, having causes stemming from complicated experiences

with racism, poverty, and complex healthcare interactions. It was also found that women covered

under Medicaid health insurance were more likely to have consistency in care from prenatal care

through delivery compared to their counterparts. However, due to participation in Medicaid

programs being influenced by reimbursement rates, some providers may choose to stop

accepting Medicaid patients because of reimbursement delays and low payment rates, which

could contribute to negative birth outcomes (Zhang et al., 2013).

5

References

Darling, E. K., Cody, K., Tubman-Broeren, M., & Marquez, O. (2021). The effect of prenatal

care delivery models targeting populations with low rates of PNC attendance: A

systematic review. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 32(1), 119-

136. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/effect-prenatal-care-delivery-models-

targeting/docview/2507722229/se-2

Nichols, C. R., & Cohen, A. K. (2020). Preventing maternal mortality in the United States:

Lessons from California and policy recommendations. Journal of Public Health Policy,

42(1), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00264-9

Rabin, R. C. (2019, May 8). Huge racial disparities persist in pregnancy-related deaths, and are

growing. New York Times, A20(L).

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A584694288/ITOF?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

ITOF&xid=b9422ff9

Zhang, S., Cardarelli, K., Shim, R., Ye, J., Booker, K. L., & Rust, G. (2013). Racial disparities in

economic and clinical outcomes of pregnancy among Medicaid recipients. Maternal and

Child Health Journal, 17(8), 1518+.

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A344827866/PPNU?u=nysl_me_moncol&sid=bookmark-

PPNU&xid=51747d52