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  • [Solved] PHI_4302 VIII

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    **files (2)**

    – ## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitVIIIJournal.docx

    – ## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf

    **## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitVIIIJournal.docx**

    2

    **Unit VIII Journal**

    This journal measures your mastery of ULOs 4.3 and 4.4.

    You are opening your own small business and want to establish a culture of ethical behavior. What are some procedures you should implement to support an ethical culture? What kind of follow-up process would you establish to monitor the effectiveness of these procedures?

    Identify a strategic management skill that you learned or acquired in this course, and explain how you would apply it to improve success in your career in a real-world scenario.

    Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

    **## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    4. Evaluate policy creation strategies.
    4.3 Examine the role of ethics in organizations.
    4.4 Discuss corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability in organizations.”

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 10: Business Ethics, Environmental Sustainability, and Corporate Social Responsibility

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    Christian, L. (2011, June 27). A richer shade of green. The Nation, 292(26), 22–23.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=asn&AN=61138861&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Podgers, J. (Ed.). (2015, August). Corporations have a role (and a gain) in promoting the rule of law. ABA

    Journal, 101(8),
    67. https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx
    ?direct=true&db=asn&AN=108693936&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Unit Lesson

    Chapter 10 describes the importance of business ethics, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility
    in strategic management, including such topics as workplace romance, bribery, pollution abatement,
    whistleblowing, and philanthropy. Issues related to these topics can significantly bolster or derail the best
    strategic plan, so Chapter 10 explains how these topics can best be managed. This unit will focus on an
    organization’s ethics, social responsibilities, and environmental sustainability. Social responsibility is what an
    organization does (to be preventive rather than reactive) to protect living things. Living things are considered
    as people, animals, and plants. Sustainability is what the organization does to preserve and protect rather
    than destroy or harm the environment. Examples of damage include pollution and contamination of a local
    area where the organization produces goods. Organizations can make efforts to prevent damages and
    maintain a safe and efficient work environment for their employees, community, and customers.

    Business Ethics

    Good business ethics should be one of the main pillars within any organization. Ethics can impact an
    organization’s image, reputation, reliability, and overall business. The textbook describes good ethics as
    “good business” (David et al., 2020, p. 301). Thus, bad ethics can cause an organization to fail, even with an
    effectively planned strategy. Business ethics is defined as the conduct within an organization that guides
    decision-making and procedures. There are seven ethical principles listed in Table 10-1 in your textbook.
    Think about how these principles are utilized day-to-day within your favorite product or service.

    UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE

    Ethics and Social Responsibility

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Examples of each are listed below:

    Principle Description

    Trustworthy Ensure you have a positive image that reflects
    honesty and is welcoming.

    Open-minded Ensure you consider ethical implications both
    internally and externally.

    Honor commitments Ensure all commitments, warranties, and advice
    is honored.

    Do not mislead Avoid false advertisements, exaggeration, and
    lying to stakeholders.

    Responsible Show your community that you care about them.

    Eliminate
    questionable activity

    Be transparent and upfront internally and
    externally to your stakeholders.

    Treat others as you
    would want to be
    treated.

    Simply put, treat others with dignity and respect.

    When you have a moment, search the Internet for large corporations that have faced large class action law
    suits due to legal and moral conduct. Some of these corporations have paid billions of dollars in settlements,
    some of which are no longer existent. Companies such as Enron and WorldCom (parent company of MCI) are
    no longer operating due to their legal breaches and misconduct. These organizations failed due to corporate
    greed, poor management, and lack of industry oversight. These failed entities were enormous and created
    secondary and tertiary effects that affected the U.S. and global economy for many years. Other products or
    services that often mislead consumers are anti-aging and weight loss products. Ethical issues in this area
    include false credentials, such as educational attainments or experiences. Transparency is critical, especially
    with a social-media-driven society that can receive instant news and updates. Social media is extremely
    effective because it is relatively inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. Social media can be used to
    promote a product in a positive or negative manner.

    Whistleblowing and Bribes

    Whistleblowing is the legal requirement that states every employee has the legal obligation to report unethical
    behavior. Sometimes, a whistleblower can receive up to 25% of litigation fines if the organization is found
    guilty and penalized. One such example was a whistleblower who alerted the IRS regarding offshore
    accounts that were not being taxed appropriately. The IRS awarded over $100 million to this individual. Other
    cases included 10s of millions of dollars to whistleblowers.

    Bribery is offering, giving (including kickbacks), receiving, or influencing an individual or organization with
    services or products in exchange for influence related to a person’s action. Bribes are considered illegal in the
    United States, while in some countries, this is normal business and perfectly legal. An example would be a
    defense corporation bribing a government-contracting officer to ensure they receive direct source funding.
    This would mean that because the oversight leader is being bribed, he or she is influenced to not allow
    competing entities the ability to also compete for specific government contracts.

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Social and Environmental Responsibility

    Social and environmental responsibility is an organization’s ability to promote a positive impact within their
    community. This can be accomplished through charitable support and protective measures that protect the
    environment. Each year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of companies that are admired or unadmired
    globally. When you have a moment, conduct a simple Internet search, and locate the most recent list. Do you
    recognize any of the companies? Are you surprised by how they are rated? An example of a corporation that
    has been socially responsible is the Wal-Mart Corporation. During most major disasters, they have leveraged
    their mass transportation network to quickly transport needed goods to affected areas. An example of this can
    be seen in the way that Wal-Mart responded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina; Wal-Mart was able to
    transport food and water to areas that the local and state governments had trouble supporting due to
    exhausting all support services. Corporations are also adapting to more environmentally-friendly products and
    services. This can include lower emission vehicles, green products becoming commercially available, and
    supporting wildlife.

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentation below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 10 Presentation.
    Access for PDF version of the Chapter 10 Presentation.

    **## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    4. Evaluate policy creation strategies.
    4.3 Examine the role of ethics in organizations.
    4.4 Discuss corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability in organizations.”

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 10: Business Ethics, Environmental Sustainability, and Corporate Social Responsibility

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    Christian, L. (2011, June 27). A richer shade of green. The Nation, 292(26), 22–23.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=asn&AN=61138861&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Podgers, J. (Ed.). (2015, August). Corporations have a role (and a gain) in promoting the rule of law. ABA

    Journal, 101(8),
    67. https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx
    ?direct=true&db=asn&AN=108693936&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Unit Lesson

    Chapter 10 describes the importance of business ethics, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility
    in strategic management, including such topics as workplace romance, bribery, pollution abatement,
    whistleblowing, and philanthropy. Issues related to these topics can significantly bolster or derail the best
    strategic plan, so Chapter 10 explains how these topics can best be managed. This unit will focus on an
    organization’s ethics, social responsibilities, and environmental sustainability. Social responsibility is what an
    organization does (to be preventive rather than reactive) to protect living things. Living things are considered
    as people, animals, and plants. Sustainability is what the organization does to preserve and protect rather
    than destroy or harm the environment. Examples of damage include pollution and contamination of a local
    area where the organization produces goods. Organizations can make efforts to prevent damages and
    maintain a safe and efficient work environment for their employees, community, and customers.

    Business Ethics

    Good business ethics should be one of the main pillars within any organization. Ethics can impact an
    organization’s image, reputation, reliability, and overall business. The textbook describes good ethics as
    “good business” (David et al., 2020, p. 301). Thus, bad ethics can cause an organization to fail, even with an
    effectively planned strategy. Business ethics is defined as the conduct within an organization that guides
    decision-making and procedures. There are seven ethical principles listed in Table 10-1 in your textbook.
    Think about how these principles are utilized day-to-day within your favorite product or service.

    UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE

    Ethics and Social Responsibility

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Examples of each are listed below:

    Principle Description

    Trustworthy Ensure you have a positive image that reflects
    honesty and is welcoming.

    Open-minded Ensure you consider ethical implications both
    internally and externally.

    Honor commitments Ensure all commitments, warranties, and advice
    is honored.

    Do not mislead Avoid false advertisements, exaggeration, and
    lying to stakeholders.

    Responsible Show your community that you care about them.

    Eliminate
    questionable activity

    Be transparent and upfront internally and
    externally to your stakeholders.

    Treat others as you
    would want to be
    treated.

    Simply put, treat others with dignity and respect.

    When you have a moment, search the Internet for large corporations that have faced large class action law
    suits due to legal and moral conduct. Some of these corporations have paid billions of dollars in settlements,
    some of which are no longer existent. Companies such as Enron and WorldCom (parent company of MCI) are
    no longer operating due to their legal breaches and misconduct. These organizations failed due to corporate
    greed, poor management, and lack of industry oversight. These failed entities were enormous and created
    secondary and tertiary effects that affected the U.S. and global economy for many years. Other products or
    services that often mislead consumers are anti-aging and weight loss products. Ethical issues in this area
    include false credentials, such as educational attainments or experiences. Transparency is critical, especially
    with a social-media-driven society that can receive instant news and updates. Social media is extremely
    effective because it is relatively inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. Social media can be used to
    promote a product in a positive or negative manner.

    Whistleblowing and Bribes

    Whistleblowing is the legal requirement that states every employee has the legal obligation to report unethical
    behavior. Sometimes, a whistleblower can receive up to 25% of litigation fines if the organization is found
    guilty and penalized. One such example was a whistleblower who alerted the IRS regarding offshore
    accounts that were not being taxed appropriately. The IRS awarded over $100 million to this individual. Other
    cases included 10s of millions of dollars to whistleblowers.

    Bribery is offering, giving (including kickbacks), receiving, or influencing an individual or organization with
    services or products in exchange for influence related to a person’s action. Bribes are considered illegal in the
    United States, while in some countries, this is normal business and perfectly legal. An example would be a
    defense corporation bribing a government-contracting officer to ensure they receive direct source funding.
    This would mean that because the oversight leader is being bribed, he or she is influenced to not allow
    competing entities the ability to also compete for specific government contracts.

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Social and Environmental Responsibility

    Social and environmental responsibility is an organization’s ability to promote a positive impact within their
    community. This can be accomplished through charitable support and protective measures that protect the
    environment. Each year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of companies that are admired or unadmired
    globally. When you have a moment, conduct a simple Internet search, and locate the most recent list. Do you
    recognize any of the companies? Are you surprised by how they are rated? An example of a corporation that
    has been socially responsible is the Wal-Mart Corporation. During most major disasters, they have leveraged
    their mass transportation network to quickly transport needed goods to affected areas. An example of this can
    be seen in the way that Wal-Mart responded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina; Wal-Mart was able to
    transport food and water to areas that the local and state governments had trouble supporting due to
    exhausting all support services. Corporations are also adapting to more environmentally-friendly products and
    services. This can include lower emission vehicles, green products becoming commercially available, and
    supporting wildlife.

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentation below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 10 Presentation.
    Access for PDF version of the Chapter 10 Presentation.

    **## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitVIIIJournal.docx**

    2

    **Unit VIII Journal**

    This journal measures your mastery of ULOs 4.3 and 4.4.

    You are opening your own small business and want to establish a culture of ethical behavior. What are some procedures you should implement to support an ethical culture? What kind of follow-up process would you establish to monitor the effectiveness of these procedures?

    Identify a strategic management skill that you learned or acquired in this course, and explain how you would apply it to improve success in your career in a real-world scenario.

    Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

    **## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    4. Evaluate policy creation strategies.
    4.3 Examine the role of ethics in organizations.
    4.4 Discuss corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability in organizations.”

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 10: Business Ethics, Environmental Sustainability, and Corporate Social Responsibility

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    Christian, L. (2011, June 27). A richer shade of green. The Nation, 292(26), 22–23.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=asn&AN=61138861&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Podgers, J. (Ed.). (2015, August). Corporations have a role (and a gain) in promoting the rule of law. ABA

    Journal, 101(8),
    67. https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx
    ?direct=true&db=asn&AN=108693936&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Unit Lesson

    Chapter 10 describes the importance of business ethics, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility
    in strategic management, including such topics as workplace romance, bribery, pollution abatement,
    whistleblowing, and philanthropy. Issues related to these topics can significantly bolster or derail the best
    strategic plan, so Chapter 10 explains how these topics can best be managed. This unit will focus on an
    organization’s ethics, social responsibilities, and environmental sustainability. Social responsibility is what an
    organization does (to be preventive rather than reactive) to protect living things. Living things are considered
    as people, animals, and plants. Sustainability is what the organization does to preserve and protect rather
    than destroy or harm the environment. Examples of damage include pollution and contamination of a local
    area where the organization produces goods. Organizations can make efforts to prevent damages and
    maintain a safe and efficient work environment for their employees, community, and customers.

    Business Ethics

    Good business ethics should be one of the main pillars within any organization. Ethics can impact an
    organization’s image, reputation, reliability, and overall business. The textbook describes good ethics as
    “good business” (David et al., 2020, p. 301). Thus, bad ethics can cause an organization to fail, even with an
    effectively planned strategy. Business ethics is defined as the conduct within an organization that guides
    decision-making and procedures. There are seven ethical principles listed in Table 10-1 in your textbook.
    Think about how these principles are utilized day-to-day within your favorite product or service.

    UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE

    Ethics and Social Responsibility

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Examples of each are listed below:

    Principle Description

    Trustworthy Ensure you have a positive image that reflects
    honesty and is welcoming.

    Open-minded Ensure you consider ethical implications both
    internally and externally.

    Honor commitments Ensure all commitments, warranties, and advice
    is honored.

    Do not mislead Avoid false advertisements, exaggeration, and
    lying to stakeholders.

    Responsible Show your community that you care about them.

    Eliminate
    questionable activity

    Be transparent and upfront internally and
    externally to your stakeholders.

    Treat others as you
    would want to be
    treated.

    Simply put, treat others with dignity and respect.

    When you have a moment, search the Internet for large corporations that have faced large class action law
    suits due to legal and moral conduct. Some of these corporations have paid billions of dollars in settlements,
    some of which are no longer existent. Companies such as Enron and WorldCom (parent company of MCI) are
    no longer operating due to their legal breaches and misconduct. These organizations failed due to corporate
    greed, poor management, and lack of industry oversight. These failed entities were enormous and created
    secondary and tertiary effects that affected the U.S. and global economy for many years. Other products or
    services that often mislead consumers are anti-aging and weight loss products. Ethical issues in this area
    include false credentials, such as educational attainments or experiences. Transparency is critical, especially
    with a social-media-driven society that can receive instant news and updates. Social media is extremely
    effective because it is relatively inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. Social media can be used to
    promote a product in a positive or negative manner.

    Whistleblowing and Bribes

    Whistleblowing is the legal requirement that states every employee has the legal obligation to report unethical
    behavior. Sometimes, a whistleblower can receive up to 25% of litigation fines if the organization is found
    guilty and penalized. One such example was a whistleblower who alerted the IRS regarding offshore
    accounts that were not being taxed appropriately. The IRS awarded over $100 million to this individual. Other
    cases included 10s of millions of dollars to whistleblowers.

    Bribery is offering, giving (including kickbacks), receiving, or influencing an individual or organization with
    services or products in exchange for influence related to a person’s action. Bribes are considered illegal in the
    United States, while in some countries, this is normal business and perfectly legal. An example would be a
    defense corporation bribing a government-contracting officer to ensure they receive direct source funding.
    This would mean that because the oversight leader is being bribed, he or she is influenced to not allow
    competing entities the ability to also compete for specific government contracts.

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Social and Environmental Responsibility

    Social and environmental responsibility is an organization’s ability to promote a positive impact within their
    community. This can be accomplished through charitable support and protective measures that protect the
    environment. Each year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of companies that are admired or unadmired
    globally. When you have a moment, conduct a simple Internet search, and locate the most recent list. Do you
    recognize any of the companies? Are you surprised by how they are rated? An example of a corporation that
    has been socially responsible is the Wal-Mart Corporation. During most major disasters, they have leveraged
    their mass transportation network to quickly transport needed goods to affected areas. An example of this can
    be seen in the way that Wal-Mart responded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina; Wal-Mart was able to
    transport food and water to areas that the local and state governments had trouble supporting due to
    exhausting all support services. Corporations are also adapting to more environmentally-friendly products and
    services. This can include lower emission vehicles, green products becoming commercially available, and
    supporting wildlife.

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentation below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 10 Presentation.
    Access for PDF version of the Chapter 10 Presentation.

    **## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitVIIIJournal.docx**

    2

    **Unit VIII Journal**

    This journal measures your mastery of ULOs 4.3 and 4.4.

    You are opening your own small business and want to establish a culture of ethical behavior. What are some procedures you should implement to support an ethical culture? What kind of follow-up process would you establish to monitor the effectiveness of these procedures?

    Identify a strategic management skill that you learned or acquired in this course, and explain how you would apply it to improve success in your career in a real-world scenario.

    Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

    **## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    4. Evaluate policy creation strategies.
    4.3 Examine the role of ethics in organizations.
    4.4 Discuss corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability in organizations.”

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 10: Business Ethics, Environmental Sustainability, and Corporate Social Responsibility

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    Christian, L. (2011, June 27). A richer shade of green. The Nation, 292(26), 22–23.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=asn&AN=61138861&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Podgers, J. (Ed.). (2015, August). Corporations have a role (and a gain) in promoting the rule of law. ABA

    Journal, 101(8),
    67. https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx
    ?direct=true&db=asn&AN=108693936&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    Unit Lesson

    Chapter 10 describes the importance of business ethics, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility
    in strategic management, including such topics as workplace romance, bribery, pollution abatement,
    whistleblowing, and philanthropy. Issues related to these topics can significantly bolster or derail the best
    strategic plan, so Chapter 10 explains how these topics can best be managed. This unit will focus on an
    organization’s ethics, social responsibilities, and environmental sustainability. Social responsibility is what an
    organization does (to be preventive rather than reactive) to protect living things. Living things are considered
    as people, animals, and plants. Sustainability is what the organization does to preserve and protect rather
    than destroy or harm the environment. Examples of damage include pollution and contamination of a local
    area where the organization produces goods. Organizations can make efforts to prevent damages and
    maintain a safe and efficient work environment for their employees, community, and customers.

    Business Ethics

    Good business ethics should be one of the main pillars within any organization. Ethics can impact an
    organization’s image, reputation, reliability, and overall business. The textbook describes good ethics as
    “good business” (David et al., 2020, p. 301). Thus, bad ethics can cause an organization to fail, even with an
    effectively planned strategy. Business ethics is defined as the conduct within an organization that guides
    decision-making and procedures. There are seven ethical principles listed in Table 10-1 in your textbook.
    Think about how these principles are utilized day-to-day within your favorite product or service.

    UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE

    Ethics and Social Responsibility

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Examples of each are listed below:

    Principle Description

    Trustworthy Ensure you have a positive image that reflects
    honesty and is welcoming.

    Open-minded Ensure you consider ethical implications both
    internally and externally.

    Honor commitments Ensure all commitments, warranties, and advice
    is honored.

    Do not mislead Avoid false advertisements, exaggeration, and
    lying to stakeholders.

    Responsible Show your community that you care about them.

    Eliminate
    questionable activity

    Be transparent and upfront internally and
    externally to your stakeholders.

    Treat others as you
    would want to be
    treated.

    Simply put, treat others with dignity and respect.

    When you have a moment, search the Internet for large corporations that have faced large class action law
    suits due to legal and moral conduct. Some of these corporations have paid billions of dollars in settlements,
    some of which are no longer existent. Companies such as Enron and WorldCom (parent company of MCI) are
    no longer operating due to their legal breaches and misconduct. These organizations failed due to corporate
    greed, poor management, and lack of industry oversight. These failed entities were enormous and created
    secondary and tertiary effects that affected the U.S. and global economy for many years. Other products or
    services that often mislead consumers are anti-aging and weight loss products. Ethical issues in this area
    include false credentials, such as educational attainments or experiences. Transparency is critical, especially
    with a social-media-driven society that can receive instant news and updates. Social media is extremely
    effective because it is relatively inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. Social media can be used to
    promote a product in a positive or negative manner.

    Whistleblowing and Bribes

    Whistleblowing is the legal requirement that states every employee has the legal obligation to report unethical
    behavior. Sometimes, a whistleblower can receive up to 25% of litigation fines if the organization is found
    guilty and penalized. One such example was a whistleblower who alerted the IRS regarding offshore
    accounts that were not being taxed appropriately. The IRS awarded over $100 million to this individual. Other
    cases included 10s of millions of dollars to whistleblowers.

    Bribery is offering, giving (including kickbacks), receiving, or influencing an individual or organization with
    services or products in exchange for influence related to a person’s action. Bribes are considered illegal in the
    United States, while in some countries, this is normal business and perfectly legal. An example would be a
    defense corporation bribing a government-contracting officer to ensure they receive direct source funding.
    This would mean that because the oversight leader is being bribed, he or she is influenced to not allow
    competing entities the ability to also compete for specific government contracts.

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE

    Title

    Social and Environmental Responsibility

    Social and environmental responsibility is an organization’s ability to promote a positive impact within their
    community. This can be accomplished through charitable support and protective measures that protect the
    environment. Each year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of companies that are admired or unadmired
    globally. When you have a moment, conduct a simple Internet search, and locate the most recent list. Do you
    recognize any of the companies? Are you surprised by how they are rated? An example of a corporation that
    has been socially responsible is the Wal-Mart Corporation. During most major disasters, they have leveraged
    their mass transportation network to quickly transport needed goods to affected areas. An example of this can
    be seen in the way that Wal-Mart responded during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina; Wal-Mart was able to
    transport food and water to areas that the local and state governments had trouble supporting due to
    exhausting all support services. Corporations are also adapting to more environmentally-friendly products and
    services. This can include lower emission vehicles, green products becoming commercially available, and
    supporting wildlife.

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentation below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 10 Presentation.
    Access for PDF version of the Chapter 10 Presentation.

  • [Solved] Business

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    **## Practiceexercises2024.docx.pdf**

    Practice exercise multifactor productivity – chapter 1
    Gibson Products produces cast bronze valves for use in offshore oil platforms. Currently, Gibson
    produces 1600 valves per day. The 20 workers at Gibson work from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m., with 30 minutes off for
    lunch and a 15-minute break during the morning work session and another at the afternoon work session. Gibson is
    in a competitive industry, and needs to increase productivity to stay competitive. They feel that a 20 percent increase
    is needed.

    Gibson's management believes that the 20 percent increase will not be possible without a change in working
    conditions, so they change work hours. The new schedule calls on workers to work from 7:30 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.,
    during which workers can take one hour off at any time of their choosing. Obviously, the number of paid hours is the
    same as before, but production increases, perhaps because workers are given a bit more control over their workday.
    After this change, valve production increased to 1800 units per day.

    a. Calculate labor productivity for the initial situation

    b. Calculate labor productivity for the hypothetical 20 percent increase

    c. What is the productivity after the change in work rules?

    d. Write a short paragraph analyzing these results.
    Answer:
    (a) Workers are active for eight hours per day; labor productivity is 10 valves/hour
    (b) If Productivity rises by 20 percent, to 12 valves/hour; output would be 12 × 8 × 20 = 1920
    (c) New productivity is 1800 / (20 × 8) = 11.25 valves/hour
    (d) Gibson did not gain the desired 20 percent increase in productivity, but they did gain over 11 percent, without
    extra equipment or energy, and without increasing the labor cost.

    Practice exercise project management – chapter 3

    A network consists of the activities in the following list. Times are given in weeks.

    Activity PrecedingTime

    A — 8
    B — 3
    C A 7
    D A, B 3
    E C 4
    F D 6

    a. Draw the network diagram.

    b. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, and Slack for each activity.

    c. What is project completion time?
    Answer: (a)

    (b ,c)

    Results

    Task Early StartEarly FinishLate StartLate FinishSlack
    A 0 8 0 8 0
    B 0 3 7 10 7
    C 8 15 8 15 0
    D 8 11 10 13 2
    E 15 19 15 19 0
    F 11 17 13 19 2

    Project 19

    Practice exercise forecasting MAD chapter 4

    The department manager using a combination of methods has forecast sales of toasters at a local department store.
    Calculate the MAD for the manager's forecast. Compare the manager's forecast against a naive forecast covering the
    same time period. Which is better?

    Month Unit Sales

    Manager's
    Forecast

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50

    August 44 55
    September 30 52

    October 55 42
    November 74 60
    December 125 75

    Answer:
    Month ActualManager'sAbs. Error NaiveAbs. Error

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50 3 51 4

    August 44 55 11 47 3

    September 30 52 22 44 14

    October 55 42 13 30 25

    November 74 60 14 55 19

    December 125 75 50 74 51

    The manager's forecast has a MAD of 18.83, while the naive is 19.33. Therefore, the manager's forecast is slightly
    better than the naive.

    Practice exercise exponential smoothing – chapter 4
    Given an actual demand this period of 103, a forecast value for this period of 99, and an alpha of .4, what is the
    exponential smoothing forecast for next period?
    A) 94.6
    B) 97.4
    C) 100.6
    D) 101.6
    E) 103.0
    Answer: C

    Practice exercise seasonal factor forecasting chapter 4
    The quarterly sales for specific educational software over the past three years are given in the following table.
    Compute the four seasonal factors.

    YEAR 1YEAR 2YEAR 3

    Quarter 1 1710 1820 1830
    Quarter 2 960 910 1090
    Quarter 3 2720 2840 2900
    Quarter 4 2430 2200 2590

    Answer:
    Avg. Sea. Fact.
    Quarter 1 1786.670.8933
    Quarter 2 986.67 0.4933
    Quarter 3 2820.001.4100
    Quarter 4 2406.671.2033

    Grand Average 2000.00

    Practice exercise – process management
    17) Consider the assembly line below. The three fabrication operations run in parallel, such that each batch of 20
    units only needs to go through one of the three fabrication operations. After that, each batch needs to go through
    both assembly operations, which occur simultaneously (specifically, 10 components are made for each unit in the
    fabrication stage—some components are then assembled in the Assembly 1 area while others are assembled in the
    Assembly 2 area). The units are packaged and made ready for shipment in the final stage.

    What is the bottleneck time per batch of this operation?
    A) 24 min.
    B) 8 min.
    C) 88 min.
    D) 34 min.
    E) 3 min.
    Answer: B

    Practice exercise bullwhip effect – chapter 11
    Consider a supply chain where a manufacturer sells to a distributor who sells to a wholesaler who sells to a retailer.
    Last year, the retailer's weekly variance of demand was 4000 units. The weekly variance of orders was 5000; 8000;
    12,000; and 17,000 units for the retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and manufacturer, respectively. (Note that the
    variance of orders equals the variance of demand for that firm's supplier.)

    (a) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the retailer.

    (b) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the wholesaler.

    (c) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the distributor.

    (d) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the manufacturer.

    (e) Which firm appears to be contributing the most to the bullwhip effect in this supply chain?
    Answer:
    (a) 5000 / 4000 = 1.25; (b) 8000 / 5000 = 1.6; (c) 12,000 / 8000 = 1.5; (d) 17,000 / 12,000 = 1.42
    (e) With the highest bullwhip measure value of 1.6, the wholesaler appears to be contributing the most to the
    bullwhip effect in this supply chain.

    Practice exercise supply chain – chapter 11
    The following data are pulled from a recent Walsh Manufacturing annual report.

    Assets

    Raw material inventory $120,000

    Work-in-process inventory $50,000

    Finished goods inventory $300,000

    Property, plant & equipment $500,000

    Other assets $200,000

    Total assets $1,170,000

    Condensed Income Statement

    Revenue $2,000,000

    Cost of goods sold $600,000

    Other expenses $1,000,000

    Net income $400,000

    Calculate: (a) Percent invested in inventory, (b) Inventory turnover, and (c) Weeks of supply.
    Answer:

    (a) Percent invested in inventory = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/1,170,000 = 40.17%

    (b) Inventory turnover = 600,000/(120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000) = 1.28

    (c) Weeks of supply = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/(600,000/52) = 40.73

    Practice exercise ABC analysis chapter 12

    Perform an ABC analysis on the following set of products.

    Item Annual DemandUnit Cost
    A211 1200 $9
    B390 100 $90
    C003 4500 $6
    D100 400 $150
    E707 35 $2000
    F660 250 $120
    G473 1000 $90
    H921 100 $75

    Answer: The table below details the contribution of each of the eight products. Item G473 is clearly an A item, and
    items A211, B390, and H921 are all C items. Other classifications are somewhat subjective, but one choice is to
    label E707 and D100 as A items, and F660 and C003 as B items.

    Item

    Annual
    DemandUnit Cost Volume

    Cumulative
    volume

    Cumulative
    percent

    G473 1000 $90 $90,000 $90,000 29.6%
    E707 35 $2,000 $70,000 $160,000 52.6%
    D100 400 $150 $60,000 $220,000 72.3%
    F660 250 $120 $30,000 $250,000 82.2%
    C003 4500 $6 $27,000 $277,000 91.0%
    A211 1200 $9 $10,800 $287,800 94.6%
    B390 100 $90 $9,000 $296,800 97.5%
    H921 100 $75 $7,500 $304,300 100.0%

    $304,300

    Practice exercise safety stock – chapter 12

    Thomas' Bike Shop stocks a high volume item that has a normally distributed demand during lead time. The average
    daily demand is 70 units, the lead time is 4 days, and the standard deviation of demand during lead time is 15.

    (a) How much safety stock provides a 95% service level to Thomas?

    (b) What should the reorder point be?
    Answer:

    (a) SS = 1.65 × 15 = 24.75 units or 25 units

    (b) ROP = (70)(4) + 25 = 305 units.

    Practice exercise production order quantity model – chapter 12

    Montegut Manufacturing produces a product for which the annual demand is 10,000 units. Production averages 100
    units per day, while demand is 40 units per day. Holding costs are $2.00 per unit per year, and setup cost is $200.00.
    (a) If the firm wishes to produce this product in economic batches, what size batch should be used? (b) What is the
    maximum inventory level? (c) How many order cycles are there per year? (d) What are the total annual holding and
    setup costs?
    Answer: This is a production order quantity problem.

    (a) Q*p = = = 1825.7 or 1826 units

    (b) The maximum inventory level is Q = 1825.7 = 1095.45 or 1095 units

    (c) There are approximately N = = = 5.48 cycles per year
    (d) Total annual costs = (5.48)($200) + (1095.45/2)$2 = $2,190.89 or $2,191

    Practice exercise of EOQ model – chapter 12
    A printing company estimates that it will require 1,000 reams of a certain type of paper in a given period. The cost
    of carrying one unit in inventory for that period is 50 cents. The company buys the paper from a wholesaler in the
    same town, sending its own truck to pick up the orders at a fixed cost of $20.00 per trip. Treating this cost as the
    order cost, (a) what is the optimum number of reams to buy at one time? (b) How many times should lots of this size
    be bought during this period? (c) What is the minimum cost (holding and setup) of maintaining inventory on this
    item for the period? (d) Of this total cost, how much is carrying cost and how much is ordering cost?

    Answer: This is an EOQ problem, even though the time period is not a year. All that is required is that the demand
    value and the carrying cost share the same time reference. This will require approximately 3.5 orders per period.
    Setup costs and carrying costs are each $70.71, and the annual total is $141.42.

    (a) EOQ = = 283; (b) N = = 3.54

    (d) Carrying cost = ($0.50) = $70.71; setup cost = ($20) = $70.71

    (c) Total cost = $70.71 + $70.71 = $141.42

    Practice exercise of production order quantity model – chapter 12
    Holstein Computing manufactures an inexpensive audio card (Audio Max) for assembly into several models of its
    microcomputers. The annual demand for this part is 100,000 units. The annual inventory carrying cost is $5 per unit
    and the cost of preparing an order and making production setup for the order is $750. The company operates 250
    days per year. The machine used to manufacture this part has a production rate of 2000 units per day.

    (a) Calculate the optimum lot size.
    (b) How many lots are produced in a year?

    (c) What is the average inventory for Audio Max?
    (d) What is the annual holding and setup cost for Audio Max?

    Answer:

    (a) Q*p = = = 6123.7 or 6124 units.

    (b) There are approximately N = = = 16.33 cycles per year.

    (c) The maximum inventory is Q = 6123.7 = 4899 units; average inventory is 4899 / 2 = 2449.5
    units.

    (d) Annual inventory management costs are 16.33($750) + 2449.5($5) = $12,247.50 + $12,247.50 = $24,495.

    Practice exercise Quantity Discount – chapter 12

    The annual demand for an item is 10,000 units. The cost to process an order is $75 and the annual inventory holding
    cost is 20% of item cost.
    (a) What is the optimal order quantity, given the following price breaks for purchasing the item?
    (b) What price should the firm pay per unit?
    (c) What is the total annual cost at the optimal behavior?

    Quantity Price

    1-9 $2.95 per unit
    10 – 999 $2.50 per unit
    1,000 – 4,999 $2.30 per unit
    5,000 or more $1.85 per unit

    Answer:

    STEP 1: EOQ at $1.85 = 2013.47 → infeasible

    EOQ at $2.30 = 1805.79 → feasible

    So the possible best answers are 1806 and 5000

    STEP 2: TC for 1806 units = $23,830.66

    TC for 5000 units = $19,575.00

    (a) Order 5000 units at a time.

    (b) The price is $1.85 per unit.

    (c) Total annual purchasing, holding, and setup costs = $19,575.00.

    Practice exercise about MTBF – chapter 17
    Ten high-intensity bulbs are tested for 100 hours each. One failed at 10 hours; all others completed the test.
    Calculate FR(%), FR(N) and MTBF.

    Answer: FR(%) = 1/10 or 10%; operating hours = 9 × 100 + 10 = 910; FR(N) = 1/910 or .0011, and
    MTBF = 910 hours

    Practice exercise about reliability – chapter 17
    The academic service commonly referred to as "registration" consists of several smaller components: advising,
    registration for courses, fee assessment, financial aid calculations, and fee payment. Each of these modules operates
    independently and has some probability of failure for each student. If the five probabilities that accompany these
    services are 95%, 90%, 99%, 98%, and 99%, respectively, what is the "reliability" of the entire product from the
    student's perspective, i.e., the probability that all five will work according to plan?

    Answer: Reliability is (.95)(.90)(.99)(.98)(.99) = .8212

    Practice exercise about maintenance – chapter 17

    Great Southern Consultants Group's computer system has been down several times over the past few months, as
    shown below.

    Number of breakdowns 01234
    Monthly frequency 92441

    Each time the system is down, the firm loses an average of $400 in time and service expenses. They are considering
    signing a contract for preventive maintenance. With preventive maintenance, the system would be down on average
    only 0.5 per month. The monthly cost of preventive maintenance would be $200 a month. Which is cheaper,
    breakdown or preventive maintenance?
    Answer:
    Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3 4 Total
    Monthly probability 0.450.100.200.200.05 1.00

    Expected # of breakdowns per month = (0)(.45) + (1)(.10) + (2)(.20) + (3)(.20) + (4)(.05) = 1.30 Expected cost of
    breakdowns per month with breakdown maintenance = (1.30)($400) = $520
    Preventive maintenance cost per month = (.5)($400) + $200 = $400
    Preventive maintenance is more cost-effective.

    **## guidancetohomework1.docx.pdf**

    3.9 (a)

    (b, c) There are four paths:

    Path Time (hours)

    A–C–E–G 19.5
    B–D–F–G 24.9
    A–C–D–F–G 28.7 (critical)
    B–E–G 15.7

    3.20 (a) Activity a m b te Variance

    A 9 10 11 10 0.11

    B 4 10 16 10 4

    C 9 10 11 10 0.11

    D 5  8 11  8 1

    (b) Critical path is A–C with mean (te) completion time

    of 20 weeks. The other path is B–D, with mean completion time of 18 weeks.

    (c) Variance of A–C = (Variance of A) + (Variance of C)

    = 0.11 + 0.11 = 0.22

    Variance of B–D = (Variance of B) + (Variance of D)

    = 4 + 1 = 5
    (d) Probability A–C is finished in 22 weeks or less =

    −⎛ ⎞
    ≤ = ≤ ≅⎜ ⎟

    ⎝ ⎠

    2 2 2 0 ( 4 . 2 6 ) 1 . 0 0
    0 . 2 2

    P Z P Z

    (e) Probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less =
    −⎛ ⎞

    ≤ = ≤ =⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠
    2 2 1 8 ( 1 . 7 9 ) 0 . 9 6 3
    5

    P Z P Z

    (f) The critical path has a relatively small variance and will almost certainly be finished in 22 weeks or less. Path
    B–D has a relatively high variance. Due to this, the probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less is only about 0.96.
    Since the project is not finished until all activities (and paths) are finished, the probability that the project will be
    finished in 22 weeks or less is not 1.00 but is approximately 0.96.

    3.32 (a)

    Project completion time = 14 weeks
    Task Time ES EF LS LF Slack

    A 3 0 3 0 3 0
    B 2 0 2 2 4 2
    C 1 0 1 11 12 11
    D 7 3 10 3 10 0
    E 6 2 8 4 10 2
    F 2 1 3 12 14 11
    G 4 10 14 10 14 0

    (b) To crash to 10 weeks, we follow 2 steps:

    1. Crash D by 2 weeks ($150).

    2. Crash D and E by 2 weeks each ($150 + $100).

    Total crash cost = $400 additional

    **28E6EE0E-86CE-495A-A42D-B7419999F357.jpeg**

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    **## Practiceexercises2024.docx.pdf**

    Practice exercise multifactor productivity – chapter 1
    Gibson Products produces cast bronze valves for use in offshore oil platforms. Currently, Gibson
    produces 1600 valves per day. The 20 workers at Gibson work from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m., with 30 minutes off for
    lunch and a 15-minute break during the morning work session and another at the afternoon work session. Gibson is
    in a competitive industry, and needs to increase productivity to stay competitive. They feel that a 20 percent increase
    is needed.

    Gibson's management believes that the 20 percent increase will not be possible without a change in working
    conditions, so they change work hours. The new schedule calls on workers to work from 7:30 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.,
    during which workers can take one hour off at any time of their choosing. Obviously, the number of paid hours is the
    same as before, but production increases, perhaps because workers are given a bit more control over their workday.
    After this change, valve production increased to 1800 units per day.

    a. Calculate labor productivity for the initial situation

    b. Calculate labor productivity for the hypothetical 20 percent increase

    c. What is the productivity after the change in work rules?

    d. Write a short paragraph analyzing these results.
    Answer:
    (a) Workers are active for eight hours per day; labor productivity is 10 valves/hour
    (b) If Productivity rises by 20 percent, to 12 valves/hour; output would be 12 × 8 × 20 = 1920
    (c) New productivity is 1800 / (20 × 8) = 11.25 valves/hour
    (d) Gibson did not gain the desired 20 percent increase in productivity, but they did gain over 11 percent, without
    extra equipment or energy, and without increasing the labor cost.

    Practice exercise project management – chapter 3

    A network consists of the activities in the following list. Times are given in weeks.

    Activity PrecedingTime

    A — 8
    B — 3
    C A 7
    D A, B 3
    E C 4
    F D 6

    a. Draw the network diagram.

    b. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, and Slack for each activity.

    c. What is project completion time?
    Answer: (a)

    (b ,c)

    Results

    Task Early StartEarly FinishLate StartLate FinishSlack
    A 0 8 0 8 0
    B 0 3 7 10 7
    C 8 15 8 15 0
    D 8 11 10 13 2
    E 15 19 15 19 0
    F 11 17 13 19 2

    Project 19

    Practice exercise forecasting MAD chapter 4

    The department manager using a combination of methods has forecast sales of toasters at a local department store.
    Calculate the MAD for the manager's forecast. Compare the manager's forecast against a naive forecast covering the
    same time period. Which is better?

    Month Unit Sales

    Manager's
    Forecast

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50

    August 44 55
    September 30 52

    October 55 42
    November 74 60
    December 125 75

    Answer:
    Month ActualManager'sAbs. Error NaiveAbs. Error

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50 3 51 4

    August 44 55 11 47 3

    September 30 52 22 44 14

    October 55 42 13 30 25

    November 74 60 14 55 19

    December 125 75 50 74 51

    The manager's forecast has a MAD of 18.83, while the naive is 19.33. Therefore, the manager's forecast is slightly
    better than the naive.

    Practice exercise exponential smoothing – chapter 4
    Given an actual demand this period of 103, a forecast value for this period of 99, and an alpha of .4, what is the
    exponential smoothing forecast for next period?
    A) 94.6
    B) 97.4
    C) 100.6
    D) 101.6
    E) 103.0
    Answer: C

    Practice exercise seasonal factor forecasting chapter 4
    The quarterly sales for specific educational software over the past three years are given in the following table.
    Compute the four seasonal factors.

    YEAR 1YEAR 2YEAR 3

    Quarter 1 1710 1820 1830
    Quarter 2 960 910 1090
    Quarter 3 2720 2840 2900
    Quarter 4 2430 2200 2590

    Answer:
    Avg. Sea. Fact.
    Quarter 1 1786.670.8933
    Quarter 2 986.67 0.4933
    Quarter 3 2820.001.4100
    Quarter 4 2406.671.2033

    Grand Average 2000.00

    Practice exercise – process management
    17) Consider the assembly line below. The three fabrication operations run in parallel, such that each batch of 20
    units only needs to go through one of the three fabrication operations. After that, each batch needs to go through
    both assembly operations, which occur simultaneously (specifically, 10 components are made for each unit in the
    fabrication stage—some components are then assembled in the Assembly 1 area while others are assembled in the
    Assembly 2 area). The units are packaged and made ready for shipment in the final stage.

    What is the bottleneck time per batch of this operation?
    A) 24 min.
    B) 8 min.
    C) 88 min.
    D) 34 min.
    E) 3 min.
    Answer: B

    Practice exercise bullwhip effect – chapter 11
    Consider a supply chain where a manufacturer sells to a distributor who sells to a wholesaler who sells to a retailer.
    Last year, the retailer's weekly variance of demand was 4000 units. The weekly variance of orders was 5000; 8000;
    12,000; and 17,000 units for the retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and manufacturer, respectively. (Note that the
    variance of orders equals the variance of demand for that firm's supplier.)

    (a) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the retailer.

    (b) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the wholesaler.

    (c) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the distributor.

    (d) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the manufacturer.

    (e) Which firm appears to be contributing the most to the bullwhip effect in this supply chain?
    Answer:
    (a) 5000 / 4000 = 1.25; (b) 8000 / 5000 = 1.6; (c) 12,000 / 8000 = 1.5; (d) 17,000 / 12,000 = 1.42
    (e) With the highest bullwhip measure value of 1.6, the wholesaler appears to be contributing the most to the
    bullwhip effect in this supply chain.

    Practice exercise supply chain – chapter 11
    The following data are pulled from a recent Walsh Manufacturing annual report.

    Assets

    Raw material inventory $120,000

    Work-in-process inventory $50,000

    Finished goods inventory $300,000

    Property, plant & equipment $500,000

    Other assets $200,000

    Total assets $1,170,000

    Condensed Income Statement

    Revenue $2,000,000

    Cost of goods sold $600,000

    Other expenses $1,000,000

    Net income $400,000

    Calculate: (a) Percent invested in inventory, (b) Inventory turnover, and (c) Weeks of supply.
    Answer:

    (a) Percent invested in inventory = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/1,170,000 = 40.17%

    (b) Inventory turnover = 600,000/(120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000) = 1.28

    (c) Weeks of supply = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/(600,000/52) = 40.73

    Practice exercise ABC analysis chapter 12

    Perform an ABC analysis on the following set of products.

    Item Annual DemandUnit Cost
    A211 1200 $9
    B390 100 $90
    C003 4500 $6
    D100 400 $150
    E707 35 $2000
    F660 250 $120
    G473 1000 $90
    H921 100 $75

    Answer: The table below details the contribution of each of the eight products. Item G473 is clearly an A item, and
    items A211, B390, and H921 are all C items. Other classifications are somewhat subjective, but one choice is to
    label E707 and D100 as A items, and F660 and C003 as B items.

    Item

    Annual
    DemandUnit Cost Volume

    Cumulative
    volume

    Cumulative
    percent

    G473 1000 $90 $90,000 $90,000 29.6%
    E707 35 $2,000 $70,000 $160,000 52.6%
    D100 400 $150 $60,000 $220,000 72.3%
    F660 250 $120 $30,000 $250,000 82.2%
    C003 4500 $6 $27,000 $277,000 91.0%
    A211 1200 $9 $10,800 $287,800 94.6%
    B390 100 $90 $9,000 $296,800 97.5%
    H921 100 $75 $7,500 $304,300 100.0%

    $304,300

    Practice exercise safety stock – chapter 12

    Thomas' Bike Shop stocks a high volume item that has a normally distributed demand during lead time. The average
    daily demand is 70 units, the lead time is 4 days, and the standard deviation of demand during lead time is 15.

    (a) How much safety stock provides a 95% service level to Thomas?

    (b) What should the reorder point be?
    Answer:

    (a) SS = 1.65 × 15 = 24.75 units or 25 units

    (b) ROP = (70)(4) + 25 = 305 units.

    Practice exercise production order quantity model – chapter 12

    Montegut Manufacturing produces a product for which the annual demand is 10,000 units. Production averages 100
    units per day, while demand is 40 units per day. Holding costs are $2.00 per unit per year, and setup cost is $200.00.
    (a) If the firm wishes to produce this product in economic batches, what size batch should be used? (b) What is the
    maximum inventory level? (c) How many order cycles are there per year? (d) What are the total annual holding and
    setup costs?
    Answer: This is a production order quantity problem.

    (a) Q*p = = = 1825.7 or 1826 units

    (b) The maximum inventory level is Q = 1825.7 = 1095.45 or 1095 units

    (c) There are approximately N = = = 5.48 cycles per year
    (d) Total annual costs = (5.48)($200) + (1095.45/2)$2 = $2,190.89 or $2,191

    Practice exercise of EOQ model – chapter 12
    A printing company estimates that it will require 1,000 reams of a certain type of paper in a given period. The cost
    of carrying one unit in inventory for that period is 50 cents. The company buys the paper from a wholesaler in the
    same town, sending its own truck to pick up the orders at a fixed cost of $20.00 per trip. Treating this cost as the
    order cost, (a) what is the optimum number of reams to buy at one time? (b) How many times should lots of this size
    be bought during this period? (c) What is the minimum cost (holding and setup) of maintaining inventory on this
    item for the period? (d) Of this total cost, how much is carrying cost and how much is ordering cost?

    Answer: This is an EOQ problem, even though the time period is not a year. All that is required is that the demand
    value and the carrying cost share the same time reference. This will require approximately 3.5 orders per period.
    Setup costs and carrying costs are each $70.71, and the annual total is $141.42.

    (a) EOQ = = 283; (b) N = = 3.54

    (d) Carrying cost = ($0.50) = $70.71; setup cost = ($20) = $70.71

    (c) Total cost = $70.71 + $70.71 = $141.42

    Practice exercise of production order quantity model – chapter 12
    Holstein Computing manufactures an inexpensive audio card (Audio Max) for assembly into several models of its
    microcomputers. The annual demand for this part is 100,000 units. The annual inventory carrying cost is $5 per unit
    and the cost of preparing an order and making production setup for the order is $750. The company operates 250
    days per year. The machine used to manufacture this part has a production rate of 2000 units per day.

    (a) Calculate the optimum lot size.
    (b) How many lots are produced in a year?

    (c) What is the average inventory for Audio Max?
    (d) What is the annual holding and setup cost for Audio Max?

    Answer:

    (a) Q*p = = = 6123.7 or 6124 units.

    (b) There are approximately N = = = 16.33 cycles per year.

    (c) The maximum inventory is Q = 6123.7 = 4899 units; average inventory is 4899 / 2 = 2449.5
    units.

    (d) Annual inventory management costs are 16.33($750) + 2449.5($5) = $12,247.50 + $12,247.50 = $24,495.

    Practice exercise Quantity Discount – chapter 12

    The annual demand for an item is 10,000 units. The cost to process an order is $75 and the annual inventory holding
    cost is 20% of item cost.
    (a) What is the optimal order quantity, given the following price breaks for purchasing the item?
    (b) What price should the firm pay per unit?
    (c) What is the total annual cost at the optimal behavior?

    Quantity Price

    1-9 $2.95 per unit
    10 – 999 $2.50 per unit
    1,000 – 4,999 $2.30 per unit
    5,000 or more $1.85 per unit

    Answer:

    STEP 1: EOQ at $1.85 = 2013.47 → infeasible

    EOQ at $2.30 = 1805.79 → feasible

    So the possible best answers are 1806 and 5000

    STEP 2: TC for 1806 units = $23,830.66

    TC for 5000 units = $19,575.00

    (a) Order 5000 units at a time.

    (b) The price is $1.85 per unit.

    (c) Total annual purchasing, holding, and setup costs = $19,575.00.

    Practice exercise about MTBF – chapter 17
    Ten high-intensity bulbs are tested for 100 hours each. One failed at 10 hours; all others completed the test.
    Calculate FR(%), FR(N) and MTBF.

    Answer: FR(%) = 1/10 or 10%; operating hours = 9 × 100 + 10 = 910; FR(N) = 1/910 or .0011, and
    MTBF = 910 hours

    Practice exercise about reliability – chapter 17
    The academic service commonly referred to as "registration" consists of several smaller components: advising,
    registration for courses, fee assessment, financial aid calculations, and fee payment. Each of these modules operates
    independently and has some probability of failure for each student. If the five probabilities that accompany these
    services are 95%, 90%, 99%, 98%, and 99%, respectively, what is the "reliability" of the entire product from the
    student's perspective, i.e., the probability that all five will work according to plan?

    Answer: Reliability is (.95)(.90)(.99)(.98)(.99) = .8212

    Practice exercise about maintenance – chapter 17

    Great Southern Consultants Group's computer system has been down several times over the past few months, as
    shown below.

    Number of breakdowns 01234
    Monthly frequency 92441

    Each time the system is down, the firm loses an average of $400 in time and service expenses. They are considering
    signing a contract for preventive maintenance. With preventive maintenance, the system would be down on average
    only 0.5 per month. The monthly cost of preventive maintenance would be $200 a month. Which is cheaper,
    breakdown or preventive maintenance?
    Answer:
    Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3 4 Total
    Monthly probability 0.450.100.200.200.05 1.00

    Expected # of breakdowns per month = (0)(.45) + (1)(.10) + (2)(.20) + (3)(.20) + (4)(.05) = 1.30 Expected cost of
    breakdowns per month with breakdown maintenance = (1.30)($400) = $520
    Preventive maintenance cost per month = (.5)($400) + $200 = $400
    Preventive maintenance is more cost-effective.

    **## guidancetohomework1.docx.pdf**

    3.9 (a)

    (b, c) There are four paths:

    Path Time (hours)

    A–C–E–G 19.5
    B–D–F–G 24.9
    A–C–D–F–G 28.7 (critical)
    B–E–G 15.7

    3.20 (a) Activity a m b te Variance

    A 9 10 11 10 0.11

    B 4 10 16 10 4

    C 9 10 11 10 0.11

    D 5  8 11  8 1

    (b) Critical path is A–C with mean (te) completion time

    of 20 weeks. The other path is B–D, with mean completion time of 18 weeks.

    (c) Variance of A–C = (Variance of A) + (Variance of C)

    = 0.11 + 0.11 = 0.22

    Variance of B–D = (Variance of B) + (Variance of D)

    = 4 + 1 = 5
    (d) Probability A–C is finished in 22 weeks or less =

    −⎛ ⎞
    ≤ = ≤ ≅⎜ ⎟

    ⎝ ⎠

    2 2 2 0 ( 4 . 2 6 ) 1 . 0 0
    0 . 2 2

    P Z P Z

    (e) Probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less =
    −⎛ ⎞

    ≤ = ≤ =⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠
    2 2 1 8 ( 1 . 7 9 ) 0 . 9 6 3
    5

    P Z P Z

    (f) The critical path has a relatively small variance and will almost certainly be finished in 22 weeks or less. Path
    B–D has a relatively high variance. Due to this, the probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less is only about 0.96.
    Since the project is not finished until all activities (and paths) are finished, the probability that the project will be
    finished in 22 weeks or less is not 1.00 but is approximately 0.96.

    3.32 (a)

    Project completion time = 14 weeks
    Task Time ES EF LS LF Slack

    A 3 0 3 0 3 0
    B 2 0 2 2 4 2
    C 1 0 1 11 12 11
    D 7 3 10 3 10 0
    E 6 2 8 4 10 2
    F 2 1 3 12 14 11
    G 4 10 14 10 14 0

    (b) To crash to 10 weeks, we follow 2 steps:

    1. Crash D by 2 weeks ($150).

    2. Crash D and E by 2 weeks each ($150 + $100).

    Total crash cost = $400 additional

    **28E6EE0E-86CE-495A-A42D-B7419999F357.jpeg**

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    **## Practiceexercises2024.docx.pdf**

    Practice exercise multifactor productivity – chapter 1
    Gibson Products produces cast bronze valves for use in offshore oil platforms. Currently, Gibson
    produces 1600 valves per day. The 20 workers at Gibson work from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m., with 30 minutes off for
    lunch and a 15-minute break during the morning work session and another at the afternoon work session. Gibson is
    in a competitive industry, and needs to increase productivity to stay competitive. They feel that a 20 percent increase
    is needed.

    Gibson's management believes that the 20 percent increase will not be possible without a change in working
    conditions, so they change work hours. The new schedule calls on workers to work from 7:30 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.,
    during which workers can take one hour off at any time of their choosing. Obviously, the number of paid hours is the
    same as before, but production increases, perhaps because workers are given a bit more control over their workday.
    After this change, valve production increased to 1800 units per day.

    a. Calculate labor productivity for the initial situation

    b. Calculate labor productivity for the hypothetical 20 percent increase

    c. What is the productivity after the change in work rules?

    d. Write a short paragraph analyzing these results.
    Answer:
    (a) Workers are active for eight hours per day; labor productivity is 10 valves/hour
    (b) If Productivity rises by 20 percent, to 12 valves/hour; output would be 12 × 8 × 20 = 1920
    (c) New productivity is 1800 / (20 × 8) = 11.25 valves/hour
    (d) Gibson did not gain the desired 20 percent increase in productivity, but they did gain over 11 percent, without
    extra equipment or energy, and without increasing the labor cost.

    Practice exercise project management – chapter 3

    A network consists of the activities in the following list. Times are given in weeks.

    Activity PrecedingTime

    A — 8
    B — 3
    C A 7
    D A, B 3
    E C 4
    F D 6

    a. Draw the network diagram.

    b. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, and Slack for each activity.

    c. What is project completion time?
    Answer: (a)

    (b ,c)

    Results

    Task Early StartEarly FinishLate StartLate FinishSlack
    A 0 8 0 8 0
    B 0 3 7 10 7
    C 8 15 8 15 0
    D 8 11 10 13 2
    E 15 19 15 19 0
    F 11 17 13 19 2

    Project 19

    Practice exercise forecasting MAD chapter 4

    The department manager using a combination of methods has forecast sales of toasters at a local department store.
    Calculate the MAD for the manager's forecast. Compare the manager's forecast against a naive forecast covering the
    same time period. Which is better?

    Month Unit Sales

    Manager's
    Forecast

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50

    August 44 55
    September 30 52

    October 55 42
    November 74 60
    December 125 75

    Answer:
    Month ActualManager'sAbs. Error NaiveAbs. Error

    January 52
    February 61
    March 73
    April 79
    May 66
    June 51
    July 47 50 3 51 4

    August 44 55 11 47 3

    September 30 52 22 44 14

    October 55 42 13 30 25

    November 74 60 14 55 19

    December 125 75 50 74 51

    The manager's forecast has a MAD of 18.83, while the naive is 19.33. Therefore, the manager's forecast is slightly
    better than the naive.

    Practice exercise exponential smoothing – chapter 4
    Given an actual demand this period of 103, a forecast value for this period of 99, and an alpha of .4, what is the
    exponential smoothing forecast for next period?
    A) 94.6
    B) 97.4
    C) 100.6
    D) 101.6
    E) 103.0
    Answer: C

    Practice exercise seasonal factor forecasting chapter 4
    The quarterly sales for specific educational software over the past three years are given in the following table.
    Compute the four seasonal factors.

    YEAR 1YEAR 2YEAR 3

    Quarter 1 1710 1820 1830
    Quarter 2 960 910 1090
    Quarter 3 2720 2840 2900
    Quarter 4 2430 2200 2590

    Answer:
    Avg. Sea. Fact.
    Quarter 1 1786.670.8933
    Quarter 2 986.67 0.4933
    Quarter 3 2820.001.4100
    Quarter 4 2406.671.2033

    Grand Average 2000.00

    Practice exercise – process management
    17) Consider the assembly line below. The three fabrication operations run in parallel, such that each batch of 20
    units only needs to go through one of the three fabrication operations. After that, each batch needs to go through
    both assembly operations, which occur simultaneously (specifically, 10 components are made for each unit in the
    fabrication stage—some components are then assembled in the Assembly 1 area while others are assembled in the
    Assembly 2 area). The units are packaged and made ready for shipment in the final stage.

    What is the bottleneck time per batch of this operation?
    A) 24 min.
    B) 8 min.
    C) 88 min.
    D) 34 min.
    E) 3 min.
    Answer: B

    Practice exercise bullwhip effect – chapter 11
    Consider a supply chain where a manufacturer sells to a distributor who sells to a wholesaler who sells to a retailer.
    Last year, the retailer's weekly variance of demand was 4000 units. The weekly variance of orders was 5000; 8000;
    12,000; and 17,000 units for the retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and manufacturer, respectively. (Note that the
    variance of orders equals the variance of demand for that firm's supplier.)

    (a) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the retailer.

    (b) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the wholesaler.

    (c) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the distributor.

    (d) Calculate the bullwhip measure for the manufacturer.

    (e) Which firm appears to be contributing the most to the bullwhip effect in this supply chain?
    Answer:
    (a) 5000 / 4000 = 1.25; (b) 8000 / 5000 = 1.6; (c) 12,000 / 8000 = 1.5; (d) 17,000 / 12,000 = 1.42
    (e) With the highest bullwhip measure value of 1.6, the wholesaler appears to be contributing the most to the
    bullwhip effect in this supply chain.

    Practice exercise supply chain – chapter 11
    The following data are pulled from a recent Walsh Manufacturing annual report.

    Assets

    Raw material inventory $120,000

    Work-in-process inventory $50,000

    Finished goods inventory $300,000

    Property, plant & equipment $500,000

    Other assets $200,000

    Total assets $1,170,000

    Condensed Income Statement

    Revenue $2,000,000

    Cost of goods sold $600,000

    Other expenses $1,000,000

    Net income $400,000

    Calculate: (a) Percent invested in inventory, (b) Inventory turnover, and (c) Weeks of supply.
    Answer:

    (a) Percent invested in inventory = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/1,170,000 = 40.17%

    (b) Inventory turnover = 600,000/(120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000) = 1.28

    (c) Weeks of supply = (120,000 + 50,000 + 300,000)/(600,000/52) = 40.73

    Practice exercise ABC analysis chapter 12

    Perform an ABC analysis on the following set of products.

    Item Annual DemandUnit Cost
    A211 1200 $9
    B390 100 $90
    C003 4500 $6
    D100 400 $150
    E707 35 $2000
    F660 250 $120
    G473 1000 $90
    H921 100 $75

    Answer: The table below details the contribution of each of the eight products. Item G473 is clearly an A item, and
    items A211, B390, and H921 are all C items. Other classifications are somewhat subjective, but one choice is to
    label E707 and D100 as A items, and F660 and C003 as B items.

    Item

    Annual
    DemandUnit Cost Volume

    Cumulative
    volume

    Cumulative
    percent

    G473 1000 $90 $90,000 $90,000 29.6%
    E707 35 $2,000 $70,000 $160,000 52.6%
    D100 400 $150 $60,000 $220,000 72.3%
    F660 250 $120 $30,000 $250,000 82.2%
    C003 4500 $6 $27,000 $277,000 91.0%
    A211 1200 $9 $10,800 $287,800 94.6%
    B390 100 $90 $9,000 $296,800 97.5%
    H921 100 $75 $7,500 $304,300 100.0%

    $304,300

    Practice exercise safety stock – chapter 12

    Thomas' Bike Shop stocks a high volume item that has a normally distributed demand during lead time. The average
    daily demand is 70 units, the lead time is 4 days, and the standard deviation of demand during lead time is 15.

    (a) How much safety stock provides a 95% service level to Thomas?

    (b) What should the reorder point be?
    Answer:

    (a) SS = 1.65 × 15 = 24.75 units or 25 units

    (b) ROP = (70)(4) + 25 = 305 units.

    Practice exercise production order quantity model – chapter 12

    Montegut Manufacturing produces a product for which the annual demand is 10,000 units. Production averages 100
    units per day, while demand is 40 units per day. Holding costs are $2.00 per unit per year, and setup cost is $200.00.
    (a) If the firm wishes to produce this product in economic batches, what size batch should be used? (b) What is the
    maximum inventory level? (c) How many order cycles are there per year? (d) What are the total annual holding and
    setup costs?
    Answer: This is a production order quantity problem.

    (a) Q*p = = = 1825.7 or 1826 units

    (b) The maximum inventory level is Q = 1825.7 = 1095.45 or 1095 units

    (c) There are approximately N = = = 5.48 cycles per year
    (d) Total annual costs = (5.48)($200) + (1095.45/2)$2 = $2,190.89 or $2,191

    Practice exercise of EOQ model – chapter 12
    A printing company estimates that it will require 1,000 reams of a certain type of paper in a given period. The cost
    of carrying one unit in inventory for that period is 50 cents. The company buys the paper from a wholesaler in the
    same town, sending its own truck to pick up the orders at a fixed cost of $20.00 per trip. Treating this cost as the
    order cost, (a) what is the optimum number of reams to buy at one time? (b) How many times should lots of this size
    be bought during this period? (c) What is the minimum cost (holding and setup) of maintaining inventory on this
    item for the period? (d) Of this total cost, how much is carrying cost and how much is ordering cost?

    Answer: This is an EOQ problem, even though the time period is not a year. All that is required is that the demand
    value and the carrying cost share the same time reference. This will require approximately 3.5 orders per period.
    Setup costs and carrying costs are each $70.71, and the annual total is $141.42.

    (a) EOQ = = 283; (b) N = = 3.54

    (d) Carrying cost = ($0.50) = $70.71; setup cost = ($20) = $70.71

    (c) Total cost = $70.71 + $70.71 = $141.42

    Practice exercise of production order quantity model – chapter 12
    Holstein Computing manufactures an inexpensive audio card (Audio Max) for assembly into several models of its
    microcomputers. The annual demand for this part is 100,000 units. The annual inventory carrying cost is $5 per unit
    and the cost of preparing an order and making production setup for the order is $750. The company operates 250
    days per year. The machine used to manufacture this part has a production rate of 2000 units per day.

    (a) Calculate the optimum lot size.
    (b) How many lots are produced in a year?

    (c) What is the average inventory for Audio Max?
    (d) What is the annual holding and setup cost for Audio Max?

    Answer:

    (a) Q*p = = = 6123.7 or 6124 units.

    (b) There are approximately N = = = 16.33 cycles per year.

    (c) The maximum inventory is Q = 6123.7 = 4899 units; average inventory is 4899 / 2 = 2449.5
    units.

    (d) Annual inventory management costs are 16.33($750) + 2449.5($5) = $12,247.50 + $12,247.50 = $24,495.

    Practice exercise Quantity Discount – chapter 12

    The annual demand for an item is 10,000 units. The cost to process an order is $75 and the annual inventory holding
    cost is 20% of item cost.
    (a) What is the optimal order quantity, given the following price breaks for purchasing the item?
    (b) What price should the firm pay per unit?
    (c) What is the total annual cost at the optimal behavior?

    Quantity Price

    1-9 $2.95 per unit
    10 – 999 $2.50 per unit
    1,000 – 4,999 $2.30 per unit
    5,000 or more $1.85 per unit

    Answer:

    STEP 1: EOQ at $1.85 = 2013.47 → infeasible

    EOQ at $2.30 = 1805.79 → feasible

    So the possible best answers are 1806 and 5000

    STEP 2: TC for 1806 units = $23,830.66

    TC for 5000 units = $19,575.00

    (a) Order 5000 units at a time.

    (b) The price is $1.85 per unit.

    (c) Total annual purchasing, holding, and setup costs = $19,575.00.

    Practice exercise about MTBF – chapter 17
    Ten high-intensity bulbs are tested for 100 hours each. One failed at 10 hours; all others completed the test.
    Calculate FR(%), FR(N) and MTBF.

    Answer: FR(%) = 1/10 or 10%; operating hours = 9 × 100 + 10 = 910; FR(N) = 1/910 or .0011, and
    MTBF = 910 hours

    Practice exercise about reliability – chapter 17
    The academic service commonly referred to as "registration" consists of several smaller components: advising,
    registration for courses, fee assessment, financial aid calculations, and fee payment. Each of these modules operates
    independently and has some probability of failure for each student. If the five probabilities that accompany these
    services are 95%, 90%, 99%, 98%, and 99%, respectively, what is the "reliability" of the entire product from the
    student's perspective, i.e., the probability that all five will work according to plan?

    Answer: Reliability is (.95)(.90)(.99)(.98)(.99) = .8212

    Practice exercise about maintenance – chapter 17

    Great Southern Consultants Group's computer system has been down several times over the past few months, as
    shown below.

    Number of breakdowns 01234
    Monthly frequency 92441

    Each time the system is down, the firm loses an average of $400 in time and service expenses. They are considering
    signing a contract for preventive maintenance. With preventive maintenance, the system would be down on average
    only 0.5 per month. The monthly cost of preventive maintenance would be $200 a month. Which is cheaper,
    breakdown or preventive maintenance?
    Answer:
    Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3 4 Total
    Monthly probability 0.450.100.200.200.05 1.00

    Expected # of breakdowns per month = (0)(.45) + (1)(.10) + (2)(.20) + (3)(.20) + (4)(.05) = 1.30 Expected cost of
    breakdowns per month with breakdown maintenance = (1.30)($400) = $520
    Preventive maintenance cost per month = (.5)($400) + $200 = $400
    Preventive maintenance is more cost-effective.

    **## guidancetohomework1.docx.pdf**

    3.9 (a)

    (b, c) There are four paths:

    Path Time (hours)

    A–C–E–G 19.5
    B–D–F–G 24.9
    A–C–D–F–G 28.7 (critical)
    B–E–G 15.7

    3.20 (a) Activity a m b te Variance

    A 9 10 11 10 0.11

    B 4 10 16 10 4

    C 9 10 11 10 0.11

    D 5  8 11  8 1

    (b) Critical path is A–C with mean (te) completion time

    of 20 weeks. The other path is B–D, with mean completion time of 18 weeks.

    (c) Variance of A–C = (Variance of A) + (Variance of C)

    = 0.11 + 0.11 = 0.22

    Variance of B–D = (Variance of B) + (Variance of D)

    = 4 + 1 = 5
    (d) Probability A–C is finished in 22 weeks or less =

    −⎛ ⎞
    ≤ = ≤ ≅⎜ ⎟

    ⎝ ⎠

    2 2 2 0 ( 4 . 2 6 ) 1 . 0 0
    0 . 2 2

    P Z P Z

    (e) Probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less =
    −⎛ ⎞

    ≤ = ≤ =⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠
    2 2 1 8 ( 1 . 7 9 ) 0 . 9 6 3
    5

    P Z P Z

    (f) The critical path has a relatively small variance and will almost certainly be finished in 22 weeks or less. Path
    B–D has a relatively high variance. Due to this, the probability B–D is finished in 22 weeks or less is only about 0.96.
    Since the project is not finished until all activities (and paths) are finished, the probability that the project will be
    finished in 22 weeks or less is not 1.00 but is approximately 0.96.

    3.32 (a)

    Project completion time = 14 weeks
    Task Time ES EF LS LF Slack

    A 3 0 3 0 3 0
    B 2 0 2 2 4 2
    C 1 0 1 11 12 11
    D 7 3 10 3 10 0
    E 6 2 8 4 10 2
    F 2 1 3 12 14 11
    G 4 10 14 10 14 0

    (b) To crash to 10 weeks, we follow 2 steps:

    1. Crash D by 2 weeks ($150).

    2. Crash D and E by 2 weeks each ($150 + $100).

    Total crash cost = $400 additional

    **28E6EE0E-86CE-495A-A42D-B7419999F357.jpeg**

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  • [Solved] DISCUSSION

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) FedEx's Reputation and Advertising FedEx frequently appears on lists of the most admired companies in the world. It is globally known for its creative advertising and operational excellence in moving packages …

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    FedEx's Reputation and Advertising

    FedEx frequently appears on lists of the most admired companies in the world. It is globally known for its creative advertising and operational excellence in moving packages from their origins to their destinations quickly. Below are several video clips that highlight FedEx’s creative advertising.

    1. WATCH FEDEX COMMERCIALS

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeK5ZjtpO-M

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqId8xEsHGA

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyJr_w512sQ

    2. ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW (150 WORDS OR MORE)

    Have you ever used FedEx or other courier services to send packages? Why do you choose to spend the extra money (rather than using the US Postal Service), and have you ever experienced a package getting lost or arriving late? Discuss the effects of creative advertising and its influence on customer satisfaction—give examples.

    3. SOURCE: VIDEO'S ONLY

    4. NO AI.

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Management Week 8 Assignment – Group Practice Operations Plan Part 3

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) can you assist me with this – 2 years ago

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    can you assist me with this

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Business & Finance – Financial markets FED- Assignment

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    [>Financial markets homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-financial-markets) Access the Minutes of the Federal Reserve meeting through the provided website link ( [https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomccalendars.htm](https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypoli…

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    [>Financial markets homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-financial-markets)

    Access the Minutes of the Federal Reserve meeting through the provided website link ( [https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomccalendars.htm](https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomccalendars.htm)), which includes crucial documents such as the implementation note, press conference note, statement on longer-term goals, and strategy notes. Each group is tasked with meticulously reviewing these documents from the most recent Fed meeting and summarizing key takeaways in a report of **at least three pages** (single-spaced, 12-point font). I need this for auto sector

    The report should commence with a concise overview of the major announcements made during the meeting. Subsequently, it should delve into the key expectations going forward, providing insights into how these expectations may shape monetary policy and economic conditions.

    Furthermore, the report should analyze the impact of these announcements on the broader industry and individual companies within the group's portfolio. This analysis should be structured around two primary effects of monetary policy on industries and companies:

    – Future Growth Rate Implications: Assess the Federal Reserve's stance on future GDP growth rates and link it to the growth prospects of the industry and specific companies under consideration. Utilize historical industry sales growth and GDP growth rates to draw informed conclusions regarding potential future trajectories.
    – Find the correlation between historic GDP growth and your companies annual sales growth. Make conclusions using this analysis. Put in charts of annual sales growth rates and US GDP growth rates.
    – Discount Rate Changes: Explore how changes in interest rates, particularly the discount rate, may influence industry dynamics and company valuations.
    – Consider the relationship between interest rate movements and stock price changes around FOMC meeting days to provide empirical support for your analysis.

    By thoroughly examining these facets, the report aims to elucidate the potential implications of Federal Reserve actions on industry and company performance, facilitating informed decision-making and strategic planning.

    Note: Write your response in a report format. Avoid using a Q&A format. Support all your arguments using data.

    Using data to support your argument makes your research more credible. Use charts and figures to support your analysis. Provide sources wherever applicable.

    – 2 years ago