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  • [Solved] Assistance I

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    Please see attachment – ## AssistanceNeededInstructions.docx **## AssistanceNeededInstructions.docx** Criminal investigators often ask supervisors different questions during roll calls and present challenging scenarios. During today's roll call, your homicide detective asked, "Can investigators exec…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Please see attachment

    – ## AssistanceNeededInstructions.docx

    **## AssistanceNeededInstructions.docx**

    Criminal investigators often ask supervisors different questions during roll calls and present challenging scenarios. During today's roll call, your homicide detective asked, "Can investigators execute search warrants outside their jurisdiction?". Detective Smith brings to your attention this code of law in Alabama:

    Section 15-5-5

    Issuance of warrant.

    If the judge or the magistrate is satisfied of the existence of the grounds of the application or that there is probable ground to believe their existence, he must issue a search warrant signed by him and directed to the sheriff or to any constable of the county, commanding him forthwith to search the person or place named for the property specified and to bring it before the court issuing the warrant.

    (Code 1852, §830; Code 1867, §4381; Code 1876, §4010; Code 1886, §4731; Code 1896, §5488; Code 1907, §7761; Code 1923, §5475; Code 1940, T. 15, §104.)

    ANSWER: Investigators can be issued and execute search warrants outside their jurisdictions.

    **In three paragraphs (with no less than 1000 words), write an email response back to Detective Smith explaining to him** _WHY_ **investigators are allowed to execute search warrants outside their jurisdictions, even in light of Code of Alabama Section: This assignment does NOT need to be in APA format. Write an email to answer the question.**

    **In preparation for sending the email response, please read/watch the following learning resources:**

    [https://whnt.com/video/shoals-child-porn-case-delayed/4897645](https://whnt.com/video/shoals-child-porn-case-delayed/4897645)

    **## AssistanceNeededInstructions.docx**

    Criminal investigators often ask supervisors different questions during roll calls and present challenging scenarios. During today's roll call, your homicide detective asked, "Can investigators execute search warrants outside their jurisdiction?". Detective Smith brings to your attention this code of law in Alabama:

    Section 15-5-5

    Issuance of warrant.

    If the judge or the magistrate is satisfied of the existence of the grounds of the application or that there is probable ground to believe their existence, he must issue a search warrant signed by him and directed to the sheriff or to any constable of the county, commanding him forthwith to search the person or place named for the property specified and to bring it before the court issuing the warrant.

    (Code 1852, §830; Code 1867, §4381; Code 1876, §4010; Code 1886, §4731; Code 1896, §5488; Code 1907, §7761; Code 1923, §5475; Code 1940, T. 15, §104.)

    ANSWER: Investigators can be issued and execute search warrants outside their jurisdictions.

    **In three paragraphs (with no less than 1000 words), write an email response back to Detective Smith explaining to him** _WHY_ **investigators are allowed to execute search warrants outside their jurisdictions, even in light of Code of Alabama Section: This assignment does NOT need to be in APA format. Write an email to answer the question.**

    **In preparation for sending the email response, please read/watch the following learning resources:**

    [https://whnt.com/video/shoals-child-porn-case-delayed/4897645](https://whnt.com/video/shoals-child-porn-case-delayed/4897645)

  • [Solved] CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity

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    Please see the attached assignment details. – ## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx – ## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip **## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx** ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Please see the attached assignment details.

    – ## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx

    – ## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip

    **## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this practice activity, you will identify key points of strain and cultural deviance theories. You will then identify a program or policy that was created in response to each type of theory and explain how that program or policy attempts to reduce crime.

    ### Prompt

    As you’ve learned in this module, there are three categories of sociological theories of criminal behavior. These theories all seek to explain criminal behavior as a response to social forces. Two of the sociological theories, strain theory and cultural deviance theory, were formulated in the early part of the 20th century, yet remain significant in the field of criminology today.

    Using the provided template, identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed (Durkheim’s Anomie Theory, Merton’s Strain Theory, Agnew’s General Strain Theory, Social Disorganization Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Culture Conflict Theory). Next, identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory, and one created in response to a cultural deviance theory. Then, in 25 to 50 words for each, describe how that policy or program attempts to reduce crime.

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a strain theory attempts to reduce crime.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a cultural deviance theory attempts to reduce crime.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Three Practice Activity Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20340%20Module%20Three%20Practice%20Activity%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. Consult the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://libguides.snhu.edu/apa) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Three Practice Activity Rubric

    | Criteria | Meets Expectations (100%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 20 |
    | Key Points | Identifies 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | Does not identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | 20 |
    | Strain-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | 10 |
    | How Strain-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Cultural Deviance-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | 10 |
    | How Cultural Deviance-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 10 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this practice activity, you will identify key points of strain and cultural deviance theories. You will then identify a program or policy that was created in response to each type of theory and explain how that program or policy attempts to reduce crime.

    ### Prompt

    As you’ve learned in this module, there are three categories of sociological theories of criminal behavior. These theories all seek to explain criminal behavior as a response to social forces. Two of the sociological theories, strain theory and cultural deviance theory, were formulated in the early part of the 20th century, yet remain significant in the field of criminology today.

    Using the provided template, identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed (Durkheim’s Anomie Theory, Merton’s Strain Theory, Agnew’s General Strain Theory, Social Disorganization Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Culture Conflict Theory). Next, identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory, and one created in response to a cultural deviance theory. Then, in 25 to 50 words for each, describe how that policy or program attempts to reduce crime.

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a strain theory attempts to reduce crime.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a cultural deviance theory attempts to reduce crime.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Three Practice Activity Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20340%20Module%20Three%20Practice%20Activity%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. Consult the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://libguides.snhu.edu/apa) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Three Practice Activity Rubric

    | Criteria | Meets Expectations (100%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 20 |
    | Key Points | Identifies 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | Does not identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | 20 |
    | Strain-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | 10 |
    | How Strain-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Cultural Deviance-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | 10 |
    | How Cultural Deviance-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 10 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this practice activity, you will identify key points of strain and cultural deviance theories. You will then identify a program or policy that was created in response to each type of theory and explain how that program or policy attempts to reduce crime.

    ### Prompt

    As you’ve learned in this module, there are three categories of sociological theories of criminal behavior. These theories all seek to explain criminal behavior as a response to social forces. Two of the sociological theories, strain theory and cultural deviance theory, were formulated in the early part of the 20th century, yet remain significant in the field of criminology today.

    Using the provided template, identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed (Durkheim’s Anomie Theory, Merton’s Strain Theory, Agnew’s General Strain Theory, Social Disorganization Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Culture Conflict Theory). Next, identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory, and one created in response to a cultural deviance theory. Then, in 25 to 50 words for each, describe how that policy or program attempts to reduce crime.

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a strain theory attempts to reduce crime.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a cultural deviance theory attempts to reduce crime.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Three Practice Activity Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20340%20Module%20Three%20Practice%20Activity%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. Consult the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://libguides.snhu.edu/apa) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Three Practice Activity Rubric

    | Criteria | Meets Expectations (100%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 20 |
    | Key Points | Identifies 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | Does not identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | 20 |
    | Strain-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | 10 |
    | How Strain-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Cultural Deviance-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | 10 |
    | How Cultural Deviance-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 10 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## CJ340ModuleThreePracticeActivityTemplate1.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleThreePracticeActivityGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this practice activity, you will identify key points of strain and cultural deviance theories. You will then identify a program or policy that was created in response to each type of theory and explain how that program or policy attempts to reduce crime.

    ### Prompt

    As you’ve learned in this module, there are three categories of sociological theories of criminal behavior. These theories all seek to explain criminal behavior as a response to social forces. Two of the sociological theories, strain theory and cultural deviance theory, were formulated in the early part of the 20th century, yet remain significant in the field of criminology today.

    Using the provided template, identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed (Durkheim’s Anomie Theory, Merton’s Strain Theory, Agnew’s General Strain Theory, Social Disorganization Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Culture Conflict Theory). Next, identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory, and one created in response to a cultural deviance theory. Then, in 25 to 50 words for each, describe how that policy or program attempts to reduce crime.

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a strain theory attempts to reduce crime.
    – Identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory.
    – Describe how the identified policy or program in relation to a cultural deviance theory attempts to reduce crime.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Three Practice Activity Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20340%20Module%20Three%20Practice%20Activity%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. Consult the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://libguides.snhu.edu/apa) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Three Practice Activity Rubric

    | Criteria | Meets Expectations (100%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 20 |
    | Key Points | Identifies 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | Does not identify 2 to 4 key points for each of the six theories listed in the template | 20 |
    | Strain-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a strain theory | 10 |
    | How Strain-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to strain theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Cultural Deviance-related Program | Identifies a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | Does not identify a policy or program that was created to reduce crime in response to a cultural deviance theory | 10 |
    | How Cultural Deviance-related Program Reduces Crime | Describes how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | Does not describe how the policy or program in response to cultural deviance theories attempts to reduce crime | 15 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 10 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/cj-340-module-three-practice-activity)

    ## CJ 340 Module Three Practice Activity Template

    Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Be sure to correctly cite any references in APA format in the References section below.

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Sociological Theory** | **Key Points** |
    | Durkheim's Anomie Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Merton's Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Agnew's General Strain Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Social Disorganization Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Differential Association Theory | [Insert text.] |
    | Culture Conflict Theory | [Insert text.] |

    In response to strain theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    In response to cultural deviance theory, what is one example of a policy or program that was created to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    How does the program or policy you’ve chosen attempt to reduce crime?

    [Insert text.]

    **References**

    [Insert text.]

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.svg

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Lorem

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Lorem.

    Instant Solution Download

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    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Crime lab management

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    Put in a power point with notes. The last slide she wants to know how it all came to light – ## TheAnneDookhanScandalABreakdownofTrustintheJusticeSystem1.docx **## TheAnneDookhanScandalABreakdownofTrustintheJusticeSystem1.docx** 9 **The Anne Dookhan Scandal a Breakdown of Trust in the Justice System…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Put in a power point with notes.
    The last slide she wants to know how it all came to light

    – ## TheAnneDookhanScandalABreakdownofTrustintheJusticeSystem1.docx

    **## TheAnneDookhanScandalABreakdownofTrustintheJusticeSystem1.docx**

    9

    **The Anne Dookhan Scandal a Breakdown of Trust in the Justice System**

    Name of Learner

    Institution

    Title of the Course

    Name of Instructor

    Date of Submission

    **The Anne Dookhan Scandal A Breakdown of Trust in the Justice System**

    **Introduction**

    The criminal justice process depends upon the reliability of evidence, professional integrity, and the scientific quality of analysis. Forensic labs play a crucial role in making court evidence valid and trustworthy. When institutions do not adhere to superior quality levels and transparency, the result can be disastrous, which leads to innocent convictions and loss of public trust. One of the best examples of such institutional failure is the case of Anne Dookhan, a Massachusetts state forensic chemist whose 2003-2012 misconduct triggered the largest drug lab scandal in U.S. history.

    This essay analyzes the Anne Dookhan crisis in depth, placing its focus on laboratory management and quality assurance breakdowns that facilitated widespread malpractice. It covers ethical issues, analyzes strategic and resource management problems, and evaluates the importance of good communication in preventing similar tragedies.

    **Background of the Anne Dookhan Case**

    Anne Dookhan worked at the Hinton State Laboratory Institute in Boston, where she tested drug evidence that had been submitted by law enforcement agencies. Her work appeared flawless—she processed far more samples than others. However, by investigations, it was discovered that she had artificially inflated her work. Dookhan was "dry labbing," claiming test results without performing the analyses necessary. She also tampered with evidence, including controlled substances in samples to ensure positive results.

    The extent of her misdoing invalidated around 34,000 criminal cases, forcing the state to vacate thousands of convictions and re-examine its forensic systems (Bonventre, 2021). The scandal proved the vulnerability of the reliance of the justice system on scientific evidence and underscored the importance of oversight, ethics, and transparency in forensic labs.

    **Poor Lab Management and Its Results**

    The Dookhan fiasco was not an isolated instance of personal misconduct but a result of management system failure. The supervisors in the Hinton Laboratory failed to recognize the discrepancies in Dookhan's work or verify her results. Poor managerial oversight, under-manning, and lack of resources provided the conditions for negligence.

    An effectively run lab would have had in place measures such as regular performance reviews, workload monitoring, and external auditing. Managerial oversight was absent in this case, and performance metrics rewarding quantity over quality (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023) were employed. The absence of peer review, complemented by poor record-keeping, enabled Dookhan's misconduct to pass undetected.

    Furthermore, resource constraints compounded the problem. Outdated laboratory equipment and reduced staffing caused workers to concentrate on speed instead of accuracy. The lack of such strategic planning and resource allocation undermined the credibility of the laboratory and the justice system as a whole (Neuteboom & Team, 2024).

    **Quality Failures and the Erosion of Trust**

    Quality control is the foundation of forensic science. Laboratories are meant to follow standard operating procedures, maintain an uninterrupted chain of custody, and participate in routine proficiency testing to furnish credible results. All these controls were avoided or bypassed in the case of Dookhan.

    Insufficient internal audits and a breakdown in verifying test outcomes revealed a complete breakdown in quality control. Records were incomplete or falsified in the majority of instances, and the chain of custody was contaminated (D'Anna & Author2, 2023). Such institutional failures took away from the integrity of forensic evidence, leading to thousands of appeals and convictions that were later overturned.

    It was only when the public found out that a chemist's misconduct had affected the whole judicial process of a state that trust in scientific evidence collapsed. The scandal showed how slender trust can get if quality assurance and accountability are neglected (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022). Rebuilding trust required structural reform and transparent quality management processes for future prevention.

    **What Was Interesting About the Case**

    Most revealing in the Dookhan case is the interaction between individual ambition and institutional laxity. Dookhan's desire to be seen and her work-product reputation were rewarded rather than questioned. This reflects a cultural problem wherein measurements of efficiency are privileged over ethical responsibility.

    Psychologically, Dookhan's transgression points to how performance cult-like atmospheres can lead to cheating. Organizationally, it points to how leadership failure to raise questions over anomalies sustains transgression. The scandal also serves to highlight a profound lesson in forensic reliability: evidence is as valid as the system that produces it (Bonventre, 2021).

    As impressive as this is is the manner in which the system's blind trust in forensic experts kept the case afloat. Prosecutors and judges accepted test results as gospel, never to have conceived that there could be abuse in such a scientific setting. The case demonstrated that science within the justice system requires constant scrutiny and can never be placed beyond the reach of accountability.

    **How the Situation Could Have Been Handled Better**

    The Dookhan scandal could have been avoided through stronger managerial oversight, strategic planning, and adherence to accreditation standards. There is a need for the forensic laboratories to apply standard measures of accreditation and certification to provide consistency and accountability (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022).

    Blind proficiency testing and regular audits would have detected Dookhan's phony results long before they did (Mejía et al., 2020). Supervisors were also mandated to compare chemists' workloads to identify unrealistic productivity levels. Additionally, establishing secure and confidential whistleblower channels could have encouraged employees to report suspicions without fear of retaliation.

    The management can also have invested in digital tracking and automation systems to lock the chain of custody and minimize the chances of tampering (D'Anna & Author2, 2023). Ethics training every so often, leadership accountability, and independent review committees are also central to developing a culture of responsibility and openness.

    **Ethics and Professional Responsibility**

    Ethics form the cornerstone of trust in forensic science. Dookhan's conduct was a clear violation of ethics, including dishonesty, deception, and insensitivity to justice. Her conduct did not only hurt thousands of defendants but also caused harm to the integrity of the justice system.

    Professional ethics require forensic scientists to be truthful, unbiased, and respectful of human rights. In a falsification of results, Dookhan acted in contravention of these fundamental principles. This kind of violation of ethical behavior depicts the need for laboratories to institutionalize ethics through training, supervision, and formal codes of conduct (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023).

    Ethical responsibility extends into leadership too. Managers who failed to institute measures or looked the other way when seeing red flags were ethically negligent. Institutionalizing ethical review boards and ethics audits as a requirement can promote accountability and discourage future abuse.

    **Quality Assurance and Systemic Reform**

    Following the scandal, Massachusetts passed sweeping reforms to strengthen forensic laboratory oversight. The state strengthened accreditation requirements and aligned them with international standards such as ISO/IEC 17025. These standards give strong emphasis to method validation, staff competency, and continuous quality system surveillance (NIST, 2023).

    Modern-day forensic labs are meant to have blind proficiency testing, peer review, and internal audit as part of their quality assurance system (Mejía et al., 2020). The harmonization of standards across laboratories ensures comparability and uniformity of results (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022).

    As underlined by Neuteboom and Team (2024), a culture of quality must be imbued in every level of the forensic organization. Quality should not be perceived as an administrative requirement but as an ethical responsibility to justice and public confidence.

    **Strategic, Project, and Resource Management**

    The scandal highlights the need to align strategic and resource management with organizational ethics. Leadership at the lab failed to plan for workloads for staff, equipment requirements, and performance management. Consequently, they maximized productivity over accuracy, inducing a structural incentive for unethical practice.

    Strategic management for forensic centers needs to focus on sustainable productivity models with sufficient resources and manpower. The incorporation of project management practices such as Total Quality Management (TQM) or Lean Six Sigma will result in improved efficiency without compromising on quality (Neuteboom & Team, 2024).

    Effective resource management also involves investing in constant professional development and cutting-edge technologies. A well-financed and well-managed laboratory minimizes the chances of negligence, encourages responsibility, and increases public confidence in forensic findings (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023).

    **The Role of Effective Communication**

    Effective communication is critical to prevention and mitigation of ethical and operational mishaps. In Dookhan's case, ineffective communication among lab workers, management, and legal stakeholders enabled years of consistent wrongdoing.

    Supervisors did not communicate expectations clearly, and no safe means existed for employees to raise issues. Prosecutors and defense lawyers, however, were quick to embrace forensic reports uncritically. Open communications policies would have made it easier to detect red flags and encouraged accountability (Bonventre, 2021).

    At the time of the scandal, failure to give prompt notice to impacted defendants and society further discredited the justice system. A proactive crisis communication approach, with open disclosure and complete corrective actions, would have minimized public trust erosion (NIST, 2023).

    **Conclusion**

    The Anne Dookhan scandal is a clear reminder of how ethics failures, dubious management, and sloppy quality controls can destroy a justice system. The failure of oversight, combined with blind trust in one individual, exposed underlying flaws that affected the lives of tens of thousands. Preventing such catastrophes is more than a process issue—so is it an ethical culture built on transparency, continuous quality improvement, reflective resource allocation, and transparent communication. Justice is not just served by proper forensic results but also by the integrity of the institutions which produce them.

    **References**

    AlMazroua, M. K., & Khan, S. (2022). The need for standards unification in forensic laboratory accreditation and certification. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 4, 100255.
    [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280477/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280477/)

    Bonventre, C. L. (2021). Wrongful convictions and forensic science: Causes and consequences. WIREs Forensic Science, 3(6), e1406.
    [https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wfs2.1406](https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wfs2.1406)

    D’Anna, T., & Author2. (2023). The chain of custody in the era of modern forensics. Forensic Science, 10(3), 45–60.
    [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000967/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000967/)

    Heavey, A. L., & Colleagues. (2023). Management and disclosure of quality issues in forensic casework: A call for standardised systems. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 5, 100185.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X23000268](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X23000268)

    Mejía, R., et al. (2020). Implementing blind proficiency testing in forensic laboratories. Forensic Science International, 315, 110433.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X20300577](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X20300577)

    Neuteboom, W., & Team. (2024). Quality management in forensic science: A closer inspection. Forensic Science International, 391, 112789.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073823002293](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073823002293)

    NIST. (2023). Guidance on accreditation standards for forensic units (NIST GCR 23-043). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    [https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2023/NIST.GCR.23-043.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2023/NIST.GCR.23-043.pdf)

    **## TheAnneDookhanScandalABreakdownofTrustintheJusticeSystem1.docx**

    9

    **The Anne Dookhan Scandal a Breakdown of Trust in the Justice System**

    Name of Learner

    Institution

    Title of the Course

    Name of Instructor

    Date of Submission

    **The Anne Dookhan Scandal A Breakdown of Trust in the Justice System**

    **Introduction**

    The criminal justice process depends upon the reliability of evidence, professional integrity, and the scientific quality of analysis. Forensic labs play a crucial role in making court evidence valid and trustworthy. When institutions do not adhere to superior quality levels and transparency, the result can be disastrous, which leads to innocent convictions and loss of public trust. One of the best examples of such institutional failure is the case of Anne Dookhan, a Massachusetts state forensic chemist whose 2003-2012 misconduct triggered the largest drug lab scandal in U.S. history.

    This essay analyzes the Anne Dookhan crisis in depth, placing its focus on laboratory management and quality assurance breakdowns that facilitated widespread malpractice. It covers ethical issues, analyzes strategic and resource management problems, and evaluates the importance of good communication in preventing similar tragedies.

    **Background of the Anne Dookhan Case**

    Anne Dookhan worked at the Hinton State Laboratory Institute in Boston, where she tested drug evidence that had been submitted by law enforcement agencies. Her work appeared flawless—she processed far more samples than others. However, by investigations, it was discovered that she had artificially inflated her work. Dookhan was "dry labbing," claiming test results without performing the analyses necessary. She also tampered with evidence, including controlled substances in samples to ensure positive results.

    The extent of her misdoing invalidated around 34,000 criminal cases, forcing the state to vacate thousands of convictions and re-examine its forensic systems (Bonventre, 2021). The scandal proved the vulnerability of the reliance of the justice system on scientific evidence and underscored the importance of oversight, ethics, and transparency in forensic labs.

    **Poor Lab Management and Its Results**

    The Dookhan fiasco was not an isolated instance of personal misconduct but a result of management system failure. The supervisors in the Hinton Laboratory failed to recognize the discrepancies in Dookhan's work or verify her results. Poor managerial oversight, under-manning, and lack of resources provided the conditions for negligence.

    An effectively run lab would have had in place measures such as regular performance reviews, workload monitoring, and external auditing. Managerial oversight was absent in this case, and performance metrics rewarding quantity over quality (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023) were employed. The absence of peer review, complemented by poor record-keeping, enabled Dookhan's misconduct to pass undetected.

    Furthermore, resource constraints compounded the problem. Outdated laboratory equipment and reduced staffing caused workers to concentrate on speed instead of accuracy. The lack of such strategic planning and resource allocation undermined the credibility of the laboratory and the justice system as a whole (Neuteboom & Team, 2024).

    **Quality Failures and the Erosion of Trust**

    Quality control is the foundation of forensic science. Laboratories are meant to follow standard operating procedures, maintain an uninterrupted chain of custody, and participate in routine proficiency testing to furnish credible results. All these controls were avoided or bypassed in the case of Dookhan.

    Insufficient internal audits and a breakdown in verifying test outcomes revealed a complete breakdown in quality control. Records were incomplete or falsified in the majority of instances, and the chain of custody was contaminated (D'Anna & Author2, 2023). Such institutional failures took away from the integrity of forensic evidence, leading to thousands of appeals and convictions that were later overturned.

    It was only when the public found out that a chemist's misconduct had affected the whole judicial process of a state that trust in scientific evidence collapsed. The scandal showed how slender trust can get if quality assurance and accountability are neglected (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022). Rebuilding trust required structural reform and transparent quality management processes for future prevention.

    **What Was Interesting About the Case**

    Most revealing in the Dookhan case is the interaction between individual ambition and institutional laxity. Dookhan's desire to be seen and her work-product reputation were rewarded rather than questioned. This reflects a cultural problem wherein measurements of efficiency are privileged over ethical responsibility.

    Psychologically, Dookhan's transgression points to how performance cult-like atmospheres can lead to cheating. Organizationally, it points to how leadership failure to raise questions over anomalies sustains transgression. The scandal also serves to highlight a profound lesson in forensic reliability: evidence is as valid as the system that produces it (Bonventre, 2021).

    As impressive as this is is the manner in which the system's blind trust in forensic experts kept the case afloat. Prosecutors and judges accepted test results as gospel, never to have conceived that there could be abuse in such a scientific setting. The case demonstrated that science within the justice system requires constant scrutiny and can never be placed beyond the reach of accountability.

    **How the Situation Could Have Been Handled Better**

    The Dookhan scandal could have been avoided through stronger managerial oversight, strategic planning, and adherence to accreditation standards. There is a need for the forensic laboratories to apply standard measures of accreditation and certification to provide consistency and accountability (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022).

    Blind proficiency testing and regular audits would have detected Dookhan's phony results long before they did (Mejía et al., 2020). Supervisors were also mandated to compare chemists' workloads to identify unrealistic productivity levels. Additionally, establishing secure and confidential whistleblower channels could have encouraged employees to report suspicions without fear of retaliation.

    The management can also have invested in digital tracking and automation systems to lock the chain of custody and minimize the chances of tampering (D'Anna & Author2, 2023). Ethics training every so often, leadership accountability, and independent review committees are also central to developing a culture of responsibility and openness.

    **Ethics and Professional Responsibility**

    Ethics form the cornerstone of trust in forensic science. Dookhan's conduct was a clear violation of ethics, including dishonesty, deception, and insensitivity to justice. Her conduct did not only hurt thousands of defendants but also caused harm to the integrity of the justice system.

    Professional ethics require forensic scientists to be truthful, unbiased, and respectful of human rights. In a falsification of results, Dookhan acted in contravention of these fundamental principles. This kind of violation of ethical behavior depicts the need for laboratories to institutionalize ethics through training, supervision, and formal codes of conduct (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023).

    Ethical responsibility extends into leadership too. Managers who failed to institute measures or looked the other way when seeing red flags were ethically negligent. Institutionalizing ethical review boards and ethics audits as a requirement can promote accountability and discourage future abuse.

    **Quality Assurance and Systemic Reform**

    Following the scandal, Massachusetts passed sweeping reforms to strengthen forensic laboratory oversight. The state strengthened accreditation requirements and aligned them with international standards such as ISO/IEC 17025. These standards give strong emphasis to method validation, staff competency, and continuous quality system surveillance (NIST, 2023).

    Modern-day forensic labs are meant to have blind proficiency testing, peer review, and internal audit as part of their quality assurance system (Mejía et al., 2020). The harmonization of standards across laboratories ensures comparability and uniformity of results (AlMazroua & Khan, 2022).

    As underlined by Neuteboom and Team (2024), a culture of quality must be imbued in every level of the forensic organization. Quality should not be perceived as an administrative requirement but as an ethical responsibility to justice and public confidence.

    **Strategic, Project, and Resource Management**

    The scandal highlights the need to align strategic and resource management with organizational ethics. Leadership at the lab failed to plan for workloads for staff, equipment requirements, and performance management. Consequently, they maximized productivity over accuracy, inducing a structural incentive for unethical practice.

    Strategic management for forensic centers needs to focus on sustainable productivity models with sufficient resources and manpower. The incorporation of project management practices such as Total Quality Management (TQM) or Lean Six Sigma will result in improved efficiency without compromising on quality (Neuteboom & Team, 2024).

    Effective resource management also involves investing in constant professional development and cutting-edge technologies. A well-financed and well-managed laboratory minimizes the chances of negligence, encourages responsibility, and increases public confidence in forensic findings (Heavey & Colleagues, 2023).

    **The Role of Effective Communication**

    Effective communication is critical to prevention and mitigation of ethical and operational mishaps. In Dookhan's case, ineffective communication among lab workers, management, and legal stakeholders enabled years of consistent wrongdoing.

    Supervisors did not communicate expectations clearly, and no safe means existed for employees to raise issues. Prosecutors and defense lawyers, however, were quick to embrace forensic reports uncritically. Open communications policies would have made it easier to detect red flags and encouraged accountability (Bonventre, 2021).

    At the time of the scandal, failure to give prompt notice to impacted defendants and society further discredited the justice system. A proactive crisis communication approach, with open disclosure and complete corrective actions, would have minimized public trust erosion (NIST, 2023).

    **Conclusion**

    The Anne Dookhan scandal is a clear reminder of how ethics failures, dubious management, and sloppy quality controls can destroy a justice system. The failure of oversight, combined with blind trust in one individual, exposed underlying flaws that affected the lives of tens of thousands. Preventing such catastrophes is more than a process issue—so is it an ethical culture built on transparency, continuous quality improvement, reflective resource allocation, and transparent communication. Justice is not just served by proper forensic results but also by the integrity of the institutions which produce them.

    **References**

    AlMazroua, M. K., & Khan, S. (2022). The need for standards unification in forensic laboratory accreditation and certification. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 4, 100255.
    [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280477/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280477/)

    Bonventre, C. L. (2021). Wrongful convictions and forensic science: Causes and consequences. WIREs Forensic Science, 3(6), e1406.
    [https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wfs2.1406](https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wfs2.1406)

    D’Anna, T., & Author2. (2023). The chain of custody in the era of modern forensics. Forensic Science, 10(3), 45–60.
    [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000967/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000967/)

    Heavey, A. L., & Colleagues. (2023). Management and disclosure of quality issues in forensic casework: A call for standardised systems. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 5, 100185.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X23000268](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X23000268)

    Mejía, R., et al. (2020). Implementing blind proficiency testing in forensic laboratories. Forensic Science International, 315, 110433.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X20300577](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X20300577)

    Neuteboom, W., & Team. (2024). Quality management in forensic science: A closer inspection. Forensic Science International, 391, 112789.
    [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073823002293](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073823002293)

    NIST. (2023). Guidance on accreditation standards for forensic units (NIST GCR 23-043). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    [https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2023/NIST.GCR.23-043.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2023/NIST.GCR.23-043.pdf)

  • [Solved] Wk 5 Summative Assessment: Psychology Training Guide

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    As a **victim advocate**, you will routinely support victims of crime through the criminal justice process. To better understand the **psychology** of victims and criminals, victim advocates must use critical thinking skills to **compare victimology and criminology**, identify relevant concerns, and…

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    As a **victim advocate**, you will routinely support victims of crime through the criminal justice process. To better understand the **psychology** of victims and criminals, victim advocates must use critical thinking skills to **compare victimology and criminology**, identify relevant concerns, and train others to be more effective in their service to diverse populations.
    ##### **Assignment Deliverable**
    Your agency is expanding its victim advocacy program and has invited candidates from multiple agencies to explore their potential for professional growth into these roles. Use information from victim advocacy resources to **create a 1,050- to 1,400-word training guide as if you were a victim advocate hosting a workshop for prospective victim advocates**.
    Your training guide can be written in a format of your choice. Do the following in your training guide:
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    – Compare the functions of the victim advocate in a criminal matter involving an adult victim versus a minor. Note the special needs for victims of elder abuse and for child victims. Explain the role of the victim advocate in restorative justice.
    – Identify at least 1 concern of the victim advocate when assisting each of the following populations:
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    – Victims with physical disabilities
    – Victims from other specific populations
    Cite at least 3 victim advocacy resources from a specific geographic area in your guide.
    Format citations and references according to APA guidelines.

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    Violent crime and incarceration have proven to be difficult issues in our society. Please write a paper of at least two full pages of text explaining what you have learned from the two articles. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/14/what-democrats-get-wrong-about-prison-reform-227623/ h…

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    Violent crime and incarceration have proven to be difficult issues in our society. Please write a paper of at least two full pages of text explaining what you have learned from the two articles.
    https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/14/what-democrats-get-wrong-about-prison-reform-227623/
    https://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/spiraling-violence-chicago-causes-solutions/

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    This assignment will define and compare ethics and morality.
    Research, select, and describe an incident involving a real ethical concern or event related to criminal justice (e.g., corruption in a police department, judicial bribery, smuggling contraband into prisons by correctional officers, etc.). Students must utilize the Library Subject Guide for Criminal Justice (See Content) to conduct independent and unique research.
    ### **Organization:**
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    – Cultural issues, (may include all areas of diversity including race, gender, sexual orientation and occupational culture)
    – Historical context, include your theories on why the situation occurred
    – Moral courage, (For example, – was there a particularly courageous individual involved?)
    – Politics (Note, in this context "politics" referrers to the personal and/or group dynamics within a particular organization, community or similar setting. It does NOT relate to political parties or affiliation with any political party.)

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    Community Resource Mapping
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    Title Page: The title page is in APA 7th edition professional
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    Abstract: The abstract is in APA 7th edition professional
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    Introduction: The introduction provides a
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