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Assignment Prompt & Instructions

**files (1)**

– ## Directions.docx

**## Directions.docx**

**Formative Assessment: Conducting a Chi-Square Analysis Using jamovi**

The purpose of this formative assessment is to help you
**conduct and interpret a chi-square statistical analysis** using a real healthcare dataset. You will develop a research question, test a null hypothesis, and evaluate both the
**statistical and clinical significance** of your findings. These skills are essential for interpreting research results and for planning and evaluating healthcare change projects.

**Required Tools and Dataset**

**Statistical Software**

·
**jamovi (free statistical software)** [Download jamovi from the official websiteLinks to an external site.](https://www.jamovi.org/)

**Guided Resources**

·
**Stats Made Easy: jamovi Step-by-Step Guides** [Access the jamovi step-by-step guidesLinks to an external site.](https://www.statsmadeasy.com/jamovi-guides)

·
**jamovi YouTube Channel** [Watch instructional videos on the jamovi YouTube channelLinks to an external site.](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkk92zzyru5OAtc_ItUubaSSq6S_TGfRn)

**Dataset**

·
**Heart Failure Clinical Data (Kaggle dataset)** [Access the Heart Failure Clinical Data dataset on KaggleLinks to an external site.](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/andrewmvd/heart-failure-clinical-data)

**Instructions**

**Step 1: Dataset Review and Variable Selection**

· Review the description of the variables in the Heart Failure Clinical Data dataset.

· Select
**two categorical variables** with levels of measurement appropriate for a
**chi-square analysis**.

**Step 2: Title Page**

· Use
**APA format**.

· The title of your paper should clearly reflect
**the two variables being tested**.

**Step 3: Dataset Description (Methods Equivalent)**

In the first paragraph of the paper:

· Do
**not** label this section as “Introduction.”

· The title of the paper should be repeated at the top of the page.

Describe:

· The source of the dataset

· The general purpose of the dataset

· The number of subjects

· The number of variables

· The general types of variables included

_Cite the dataset. For this assignment, this section serves as the equivalent of a sampling plan in a published research study and represents how you are “collecting data.”_

**Step 4: Research Question and Hypotheses**

1. Write a
**research question** that includes:

· A population

· Two variables appropriate for chi-square analysis

2. Identify:

· The
**independent variable (IV)**

· The
**dependent variable (DV)**

3. Write:

· A
**null hypothesis**

· An
**alternative hypothesis**

Your hypotheses should include the population, IV, DV, the descriptive statistic being tested, and the relationship being examined.

**Step 5: Rationale for Chi-Square**

Describe:

· Why the chi-square test is appropriate for your research question

· The assumptions of the chi-square test

· How the level of measurement and number of groups support its use

**Step 6: Descriptive Statistics**

Use a
**Level 1 heading: Results**

1. Using jamovi, calculate the appropriate
**descriptive statistics** for each variable.

2. Copy and paste the table of descriptive statistics into your paper.

3. Generate a graph that appropriately illustrates the descriptive statistics for both variables.

· If the y-axis does not extend from the lowest possible value to the highest possible value, describe what the correct range should be.

· Explain why the selected y-axis range is important for accurately illustrating the data.

4. Interpret the descriptive statistics:

· Describe trends or differences in frequencies or percentages.

· Discuss whether the observed differences appear
**clinically meaningful**.

· Consider feasibility, cost, time, and patient impact when evaluating clinical relevance.

**Step 7: Inferential Statistics**

1. Continue the
**Results** section by copying and pasting the chi-square inferential results table from jamovi.

2. Report the:

· Chi-square statistic

· p-value

· Alpha level (0.05)

3. Based on the chi-square results, determine the decision regarding the null hypothesis:

· If
_p_ < 0.05, reject the null hypothesis.

· If
_p_ > 0.05, fail to reject the null hypothesis.

4. Interpret what this decision means in relation to your research question.

5. Report and interpret:

· Effect size

· Confidence interval (CI)

· Odds ratio (OR)

Explain how these values contribute to understanding the
**clinical significance** of the results and whether the clinical significance aligns with the statistical significance.

**Step 8: References**

Include a reference list that contains:

· Sources supporting healthcare practice and policy decisions (published within the last
**5 years**)

· Sources supporting statistical concepts (published within the last
**10 years**)

**Submission Format**

· Word Document

Rubric

**Formative Rubric (4)**

| | |
| — | — |
| Formative Rubric (4) |
| **Criteria** | **Ratings** |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScholarly Writing | **Affirmed** Writing is formal in language, avoiding colloquialisms, slang, and overly informal expressions.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing includes colloquialisms, slang, and overly informal expressions. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Mechanics | **Affirmed** Minor spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation errors present, and/or sentence structure lacks minor elements of professional writing, and/or paragraphs are consistently developed. (1-2 errors)<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Multiple spelling grammar and/or punctuation errors present and/or sentence structure does not meet professional writing standards, and/or paragraphs are minimally developed. (more than 2 errors) |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeClarity of Content | **Affirmed** Writing demonstrates a strong connection between ideas, ensuring that the reader can follow the logical progression of the arguments.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing lacks a connection between ideas, and there is no logical progression of the arguments. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAll Aspects Addressed | **Affirmed** Writing addresses multiple relevant aspects of the topic with sufficient detail and analysis, providing a thorough understanding.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing fails to address relevant aspects of the topic with insufficient detail or analysis. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Sources (when appropriate) | **Affirmed** Citations and references follow the APA style guide, with fewer than 2 errors.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Citations and references are not included when appropriate or do not follow the appropriate APA style guide. There are more than 2 errors. |

**## Directions.docx**

**Formative Assessment: Conducting a Chi-Square Analysis Using jamovi**

The purpose of this formative assessment is to help you
**conduct and interpret a chi-square statistical analysis** using a real healthcare dataset. You will develop a research question, test a null hypothesis, and evaluate both the
**statistical and clinical significance** of your findings. These skills are essential for interpreting research results and for planning and evaluating healthcare change projects.

**Required Tools and Dataset**

**Statistical Software**

·
**jamovi (free statistical software)** [Download jamovi from the official websiteLinks to an external site.](https://www.jamovi.org/)

**Guided Resources**

·
**Stats Made Easy: jamovi Step-by-Step Guides** [Access the jamovi step-by-step guidesLinks to an external site.](https://www.statsmadeasy.com/jamovi-guides)

·
**jamovi YouTube Channel** [Watch instructional videos on the jamovi YouTube channelLinks to an external site.](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkk92zzyru5OAtc_ItUubaSSq6S_TGfRn)

**Dataset**

·
**Heart Failure Clinical Data (Kaggle dataset)** [Access the Heart Failure Clinical Data dataset on KaggleLinks to an external site.](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/andrewmvd/heart-failure-clinical-data)

**Instructions**

**Step 1: Dataset Review and Variable Selection**

· Review the description of the variables in the Heart Failure Clinical Data dataset.

· Select
**two categorical variables** with levels of measurement appropriate for a
**chi-square analysis**.

**Step 2: Title Page**

· Use
**APA format**.

· The title of your paper should clearly reflect
**the two variables being tested**.

**Step 3: Dataset Description (Methods Equivalent)**

In the first paragraph of the paper:

· Do
**not** label this section as “Introduction.”

· The title of the paper should be repeated at the top of the page.

Describe:

· The source of the dataset

· The general purpose of the dataset

· The number of subjects

· The number of variables

· The general types of variables included

_Cite the dataset. For this assignment, this section serves as the equivalent of a sampling plan in a published research study and represents how you are “collecting data.”_

**Step 4: Research Question and Hypotheses**

1. Write a
**research question** that includes:

· A population

· Two variables appropriate for chi-square analysis

2. Identify:

· The
**independent variable (IV)**

· The
**dependent variable (DV)**

3. Write:

· A
**null hypothesis**

· An
**alternative hypothesis**

Your hypotheses should include the population, IV, DV, the descriptive statistic being tested, and the relationship being examined.

**Step 5: Rationale for Chi-Square**

Describe:

· Why the chi-square test is appropriate for your research question

· The assumptions of the chi-square test

· How the level of measurement and number of groups support its use

**Step 6: Descriptive Statistics**

Use a
**Level 1 heading: Results**

1. Using jamovi, calculate the appropriate
**descriptive statistics** for each variable.

2. Copy and paste the table of descriptive statistics into your paper.

3. Generate a graph that appropriately illustrates the descriptive statistics for both variables.

· If the y-axis does not extend from the lowest possible value to the highest possible value, describe what the correct range should be.

· Explain why the selected y-axis range is important for accurately illustrating the data.

4. Interpret the descriptive statistics:

· Describe trends or differences in frequencies or percentages.

· Discuss whether the observed differences appear
**clinically meaningful**.

· Consider feasibility, cost, time, and patient impact when evaluating clinical relevance.

**Step 7: Inferential Statistics**

1. Continue the
**Results** section by copying and pasting the chi-square inferential results table from jamovi.

2. Report the:

· Chi-square statistic

· p-value

· Alpha level (0.05)

3. Based on the chi-square results, determine the decision regarding the null hypothesis:

· If
_p_ < 0.05, reject the null hypothesis.

· If
_p_ > 0.05, fail to reject the null hypothesis.

4. Interpret what this decision means in relation to your research question.

5. Report and interpret:

· Effect size

· Confidence interval (CI)

· Odds ratio (OR)

Explain how these values contribute to understanding the
**clinical significance** of the results and whether the clinical significance aligns with the statistical significance.

**Step 8: References**

Include a reference list that contains:

· Sources supporting healthcare practice and policy decisions (published within the last
**5 years**)

· Sources supporting statistical concepts (published within the last
**10 years**)

**Submission Format**

· Word Document

Rubric

**Formative Rubric (4)**

| | |
| — | — |
| Formative Rubric (4) |
| **Criteria** | **Ratings** |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScholarly Writing | **Affirmed** Writing is formal in language, avoiding colloquialisms, slang, and overly informal expressions.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing includes colloquialisms, slang, and overly informal expressions. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Mechanics | **Affirmed** Minor spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation errors present, and/or sentence structure lacks minor elements of professional writing, and/or paragraphs are consistently developed. (1-2 errors)<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Multiple spelling grammar and/or punctuation errors present and/or sentence structure does not meet professional writing standards, and/or paragraphs are minimally developed. (more than 2 errors) |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeClarity of Content | **Affirmed** Writing demonstrates a strong connection between ideas, ensuring that the reader can follow the logical progression of the arguments.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing lacks a connection between ideas, and there is no logical progression of the arguments. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAll Aspects Addressed | **Affirmed** Writing addresses multiple relevant aspects of the topic with sufficient detail and analysis, providing a thorough understanding.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Writing fails to address relevant aspects of the topic with insufficient detail or analysis. |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Sources (when appropriate) | **Affirmed** Citations and references follow the APA style guide, with fewer than 2 errors.<br> <br>**Not Affirmed** Citations and references are not included when appropriate or do not follow the appropriate APA style guide. There are more than 2 errors. |