Assignment Prompt & Instructions
**files (2)**
– ## HealthPromotionAssignment1.docx
– ## HealthPromotionProposal.docx
**## HealthPromotionAssignment1.docx**
2
**Health Promotion: Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Ana Hernandez
Florida National University
Health Promotion & Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Nora Hernandez-Pupo
July 24, 2026
**Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Poor mental health in mothers is widespread and often undiagnosed in the first year after giving birth. Wang et al. (2021) conducted a review of 565 studies in 80 countries and estimated that the prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.22% worldwide. In the United States, Khadka et al. (2024) found a significant increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression from 9.4% in 2010 to 19.0% in 2021, with high prevalence among non-Hispanic Black patients (22.0%). Robbins et al. (2023) identified 7.2% of mothers as having depressive symptoms at 9-10 months postpartum, with 57.4% of mothers screening negative prior to this stage. The proposed program will provide postpartum women in Miami-Dade County with repeated bilingual screening, psychoeducation, and warm referral. Measurable outcomes will include 20% decrease in elevated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores and 80% completion of behavioral health referrals within 12 months.
**Vulnerable Population**
The target population is postpartum women in Miami-Dade County who are publicly insured, immigrants, or who are at risk for housing instability within the first year postpartum. The most important risk factor is being economically disadvantaged. Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, O'Connor and Su (2023) determined that 54% of mothers reporting symptoms of depression in the postpartum period were at or below the federal poverty guideline, and that psychosocial stress during pregnancy, such as intimate partner violence, more than triples the likelihood of symptoms of depression. Similar patterns were reported by Mitchell et al. (2023), with rates of 38.9% for women who experience intimate partner violence internationally.
Structural and clinical factors compound this risk. Robbins et al. (2023) linked postpartum Medicaid coverage, prior depression, and postpartum anxiety with postpartum symptoms at 9 to 10 months, when the majority of women are no longer receiving obstetric care. Khadka et al. (2024) reported the highest percentage change in diagnosis for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients, the two largest patient groups in Miami-Dade County. There is also the burden of housing insecurity, as Curzon et al. (2025) found that 15.3% of 182 sheltered moms in Miami were clinically depressed. Even when screening takes place, follow-through is limited as a result of language barriers, fear related to immigration, and disjointed referral systems.
**Review of Literature: Evidence-Based Interventions**
Curzon et al. (2025) completed a feasibility and pilot study of Child-Parent Psychotherapy with 182 mothers with infants seven months or younger living in a women's shelter in Miami. Following treatment for 16 weeks based on relationships, the rate of clinically elevated symptoms was reduced from 15.3% to 6.7% among mothers, parenting stress was reduced, and treatment satisfaction was 94%. Fidelity was high, but only 53.8% completed the full intervention. The study illustrates that a nonclinical community environment is a viable option for dyadic, trauma-informed care to be provided to highly vulnerable local mothers.
Rafat et al. (2025) performed a randomized controlled trial with 108 non-depressed women using a social messaging app (SMS) that provided virtual education with Pender's health promotion model (HPM) over six weeks. The intervention group demonstrated significantly reduced EPDS, PHQ-9 scores, and increased health-promoting lifestyle scores, with fewer cases of postpartum depression as compared to controls. The trial has demonstrated that low-cost, technology-based prevention is possible without an in-person referral, and is relevant for mothers with transportation and childcare challenges.
**Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sources**
Across these sources, the prevalence literature is the strongest methodologically. All three studies, by Wang et al. (2021), Mitchell et al. (2023), and Khadka et al. (2024), have high precision and generalizability as they pool several hundred studies and several hundred thousand women. Their regular identification of poverty, violence exposure, and low social support as risks would lend confidence that these risks occur across settings, and are not merely a reflection of one sample. Their main limitation is that they use heterogeneous screening instruments and diagnostic codes, instead of structured interviews, and that prevalence estimates differ greatly between regions and cutoffs.
The intervention literature is more actionable, but weaker in design. Curzon et al. (2025) have strong ecological validity and employ a locally matched sample, but do not include a control group, which means that causal inferences are limited. Randomization and objective measures were utilized in Rafat et al. (2025); however, a small, culturally different, and non-depressed sample was utilized, and therefore, the effects might not be applicable to mothers in Miami who are experiencing symptoms. In particular, the studies point towards a common mechanism; structured relational or educational support provided in the place mothers are. Both are complemented by Robbins et al. (2023), who demonstrated that single-point screening misses late-onset cases, which neither of the intervention studies addressed.
**Theoretical Framework**
This model guiding the proposal is Pender's Health Promotion Model. The model is based on the individual difference factors and experience factors, behavior-specific cognitions such as perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal and situational factors that impact commitment to a plan of action. This structure is also suitable for postpartum mental health because beliefs of needing postpartum screening and treatment do not rely heavily on knowledge but rather on perceived barriers such as stigma, cost, language, lack of child care, etc., and interpersonal factors such as partners, family, and trusted community staff.
The model also helps to direct the design of concrete programs. Bilingual education is based on the concept that perceived benefits are addressed through the linkage between maternal mood and infant development. Addressing perceived barriers through screening in shelters, during pediatric visits, and with food assistance can help reduce barriers. Skills-based sessions develop self-efficacy, and peer and partner involvement mobilizes interpersonal influence. That same model was used by Rafat et al. (2025) and led to an empirically valid decrease in depression symptoms. APNs can work at all levels of the construct, such as assessment, counselling, coordination of referrals, and advocacy for continued postpartum care.
**References**
Curzon, M. M., Graziano, P. A., Arcia, E., Cox, S. K., Ayala, M., Carnero, N. A., & O’Mara, N. (2024). Initial promise of child-parent psychotherapy in reducing stress and postpartum depression among mothers experiencing homelessness: A feasibility and pilot study.
_Archives of Women’s Mental Health_. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-024-01492-8
Khadka, N., Fassett, M. J., Oyelese, Y., Mensah, N. A., Chiu, V. Y., Yeh, M., Peltier, M. R., & Getahun, D. (2024). Trends in Postpartum depression by Race, ethnicity, and prepregnancy body mass index.
_JAMA Network Open_,
_7_(11), e2446486. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46486
Mitchell, A. R., Gordon, H., Lindquist, A., Walker, S. P., Homer, C. S. E., Middleton, A., Cluver, C. A., Tong, S., & Hastie, R. (2023). Prevalence of Perinatal depression in Low- and Middle-Income countries.
_JAMA Psychiatry_,
_80_(5). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0069
O’Connor, S., & L. Joseph Su. (2023). Postpartum depressive symptoms: An analysis of Social determinants using the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.
_Women’s Health Reports_,
_4_(1), 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2023.0050
Rafat, N., Bakouei, F., Delavar, M. A., & Nikbakht, H.-A. (2025). Preventing postpartum depression in pregnant women using an app-based health-promoting behaviors program (pender’s health promotion model): A randomized controlled trial.
_BMC Psychology_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02547-w
Robbins, C. L. (2023). Timing of Postpartum depressive symptoms.
_Preventing Chronic Disease_,
_20_(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230107
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, W., Krabbendam, E., Liu, S., Liu, Z., Li, Z., & Yang, B. X. (2021). Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women.
_Translational Psychiatry_,
_11_(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6
**## HealthPromotionProposal.docx**
Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2
**Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2-this is the SAME TOPIC that was Approved in WEEK 2 and a continuation of HPP Part 1.**
**This is a continuation of the health promotion program proposal, part one**, which you submitted previously.
Please approach this assignment as an opportunity to integrate instructor feedback from part I and expand on ideas adhering to the components of the MAP-IT strategy. Include necessary levels of detail you feel appropriate to assure stakeholder buy-in.
**Directions**
You have already completed the steps 1-4.
**Do not resubmit part 1.** Make sure you incorporate any suggested revisions or improvements into your submission according to your instructor’s comments.
**To assist in maintaining harmony between Part I and 2 here you have a reminder of the previous paper outline:**
· 1. Describe the health problem. Using data and statistics support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem. What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program? Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.
· 2. Describe the vulnerable population and setting. What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.
· 3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals on evidence-based interventions that address the problem. After completing a library search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, you will write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. You might consult research texts for information on how to write a review of the literature found in your search.
· 4. Select an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical framework or conceptual model that would best serve as the framework guiding the proposal. Provide a rationale for your selection which includes a discussion of the concepts of the selected model
**For this assignment develop criteria 5-8 as detailed below:**
**You will submit just this section 5-8 as an essay. Please do not resubmit Part 1.**
Use a presentation page. Start the body of content with topic 5.
· 5. Propose a health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention found in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which includes resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role.
· Be certain to include a timeline. (3 to 4 paragraphs- you may use bullets if appropriate).
· 6. Thoroughly describe the intended outcomes. Describe the outcomes in detail concurrent with the SMART goal approach.
**The SMART goal statement should be no more than one sentence** (1 paragraph).
· 7. Provide a detailed plan for the evaluation of each outcome. (2-3 paragraphs).
· 8. Thoroughly describe possible barriers/challenges to implementing the proposed project as well as strategies to address these barriers/challenges. (2+ paragraphs).
· Finish the paper with a conclusion paragraph (2 paragraphs) without typing the word "conclusion" before the paragraph.
**Paper Requirements**
This assignment is to be submitted as an essay- with an introduction, questions developed at the graduate level, and a conclusion to summarize and synthesize key points. Remember, your Proposal must be a scholarly paper demonstrating graduate school-level writing and critical analysis of existing nursing knowledge about health promotion.
APA must be strictly followed.
Your final assignment should be minimally 5 pages (excluding title page and references).
Finish the essay with your reference page.
**Please review the Grading Rubric for this Assignment.**
**REFERENCES Must have DOI Numbers for me to look them up- If I am unable to verify the references points will be deducted.**
**Great resource to assist you:** [Reference List: Author/Authors – Purdue OWL® – Purdue University](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_author_authors.html)
**Submission**
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Rubric Details
**Maximum Score**
100 points
**Excellent**
The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas. All questions are answered thoroughly.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper. Questions were not fully developed but concepts are explained well.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. There is a lack of development of questions.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course. Cursory integration of knowledge and development of questions.
**10**
**Excellent**
The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis. The topic is consistently well thought out, thorough offers insight into the topic, and includes cited evidence to support the topic.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. The topic is somewhat well thought out, offers limited insight into the topic, but does not include cited evidence to support the topic.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The topic is unclear or unrelated to the discussion topic with little or no supporting evidence.
**10**
**Excellent**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. The paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and/or conclusion in the submission, but not both.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate an understanding of any relationship. There is NO introduction or conclusion in the submission.
**10**
**Excellent**
At least 6 current sources are used and are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All websites utilized are authoritative. All references complete without DOI number.
**8**
**Satisfactory**
Used 5 current sources, which are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are authoritative. 1 reference incomplete without DOI number.
**6.4**
**Unsatisfactory**
Used 4 current sources which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are credible. 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**4.8**
**Unacceptable**
Fewer than 4 current sources are used which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all websites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. More than 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**3.2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. APA level headings incorporated throughout the submission.
**5**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**4**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, or APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**3**
**Unacceptable**
The citation style is inconsistent or incorrect. It does not cite sources. The paper submitted is NOT in APA Format. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 grammatical, spelling, capitalization, or punctuation errors The required word count has been met. Similarity index and/or AI use as per university policy.
**12**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 25 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 25%.
**9.6**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 35%.
**7.2**
**Unacceptable**
An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes. The required word count is more than 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use above 35%.
**## HealthPromotionProposal.docx**
Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2
**Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2-this is the SAME TOPIC that was Approved in WEEK 2 and a continuation of HPP Part 1.**
**This is a continuation of the health promotion program proposal, part one**, which you submitted previously.
Please approach this assignment as an opportunity to integrate instructor feedback from part I and expand on ideas adhering to the components of the MAP-IT strategy. Include necessary levels of detail you feel appropriate to assure stakeholder buy-in.
**Directions**
You have already completed the steps 1-4.
**Do not resubmit part 1.** Make sure you incorporate any suggested revisions or improvements into your submission according to your instructor’s comments.
**To assist in maintaining harmony between Part I and 2 here you have a reminder of the previous paper outline:**
· 1. Describe the health problem. Using data and statistics support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem. What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program? Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.
· 2. Describe the vulnerable population and setting. What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.
· 3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals on evidence-based interventions that address the problem. After completing a library search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, you will write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. You might consult research texts for information on how to write a review of the literature found in your search.
· 4. Select an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical framework or conceptual model that would best serve as the framework guiding the proposal. Provide a rationale for your selection which includes a discussion of the concepts of the selected model
**For this assignment develop criteria 5-8 as detailed below:**
**You will submit just this section 5-8 as an essay. Please do not resubmit Part 1.**
Use a presentation page. Start the body of content with topic 5.
· 5. Propose a health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention found in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which includes resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role.
· Be certain to include a timeline. (3 to 4 paragraphs- you may use bullets if appropriate).
· 6. Thoroughly describe the intended outcomes. Describe the outcomes in detail concurrent with the SMART goal approach.
**The SMART goal statement should be no more than one sentence** (1 paragraph).
· 7. Provide a detailed plan for the evaluation of each outcome. (2-3 paragraphs).
· 8. Thoroughly describe possible barriers/challenges to implementing the proposed project as well as strategies to address these barriers/challenges. (2+ paragraphs).
· Finish the paper with a conclusion paragraph (2 paragraphs) without typing the word "conclusion" before the paragraph.
**Paper Requirements**
This assignment is to be submitted as an essay- with an introduction, questions developed at the graduate level, and a conclusion to summarize and synthesize key points. Remember, your Proposal must be a scholarly paper demonstrating graduate school-level writing and critical analysis of existing nursing knowledge about health promotion.
APA must be strictly followed.
Your final assignment should be minimally 5 pages (excluding title page and references).
Finish the essay with your reference page.
**Please review the Grading Rubric for this Assignment.**
**REFERENCES Must have DOI Numbers for me to look them up- If I am unable to verify the references points will be deducted.**
**Great resource to assist you:** [Reference List: Author/Authors – Purdue OWL® – Purdue University](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_author_authors.html)
**Submission**
Text Editor
Press Alt + F10 to access toolbar options
_Word count: 0_
**Drag files here**
Maximum size: 512 MB
**or**
**Details & Information**
Rubric Details
**Maximum Score**
100 points
**Excellent**
The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas. All questions are answered thoroughly.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper. Questions were not fully developed but concepts are explained well.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. There is a lack of development of questions.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course. Cursory integration of knowledge and development of questions.
**10**
**Excellent**
The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis. The topic is consistently well thought out, thorough offers insight into the topic, and includes cited evidence to support the topic.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. The topic is somewhat well thought out, offers limited insight into the topic, but does not include cited evidence to support the topic.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The topic is unclear or unrelated to the discussion topic with little or no supporting evidence.
**10**
**Excellent**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. The paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and/or conclusion in the submission, but not both.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate an understanding of any relationship. There is NO introduction or conclusion in the submission.
**10**
**Excellent**
At least 6 current sources are used and are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All websites utilized are authoritative. All references complete without DOI number.
**8**
**Satisfactory**
Used 5 current sources, which are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are authoritative. 1 reference incomplete without DOI number.
**6.4**
**Unsatisfactory**
Used 4 current sources which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are credible. 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**4.8**
**Unacceptable**
Fewer than 4 current sources are used which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all websites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. More than 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**3.2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. APA level headings incorporated throughout the submission.
**5**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**4**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, or APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**3**
**Unacceptable**
The citation style is inconsistent or incorrect. It does not cite sources. The paper submitted is NOT in APA Format. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 grammatical, spelling, capitalization, or punctuation errors The required word count has been met. Similarity index and/or AI use as per university policy.
**12**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 25 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 25%.
**9.6**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 35%.
**7.2**
**Unacceptable**
An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes. The required word count is more than 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use above 35%.
**## HealthPromotionAssignment1.docx**
2
**Health Promotion: Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Ana Hernandez
Florida National University
Health Promotion & Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Nora Hernandez-Pupo
July 24, 2026
**Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Poor mental health in mothers is widespread and often undiagnosed in the first year after giving birth. Wang et al. (2021) conducted a review of 565 studies in 80 countries and estimated that the prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.22% worldwide. In the United States, Khadka et al. (2024) found a significant increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression from 9.4% in 2010 to 19.0% in 2021, with high prevalence among non-Hispanic Black patients (22.0%). Robbins et al. (2023) identified 7.2% of mothers as having depressive symptoms at 9-10 months postpartum, with 57.4% of mothers screening negative prior to this stage. The proposed program will provide postpartum women in Miami-Dade County with repeated bilingual screening, psychoeducation, and warm referral. Measurable outcomes will include 20% decrease in elevated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores and 80% completion of behavioral health referrals within 12 months.
**Vulnerable Population**
The target population is postpartum women in Miami-Dade County who are publicly insured, immigrants, or who are at risk for housing instability within the first year postpartum. The most important risk factor is being economically disadvantaged. Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, O'Connor and Su (2023) determined that 54% of mothers reporting symptoms of depression in the postpartum period were at or below the federal poverty guideline, and that psychosocial stress during pregnancy, such as intimate partner violence, more than triples the likelihood of symptoms of depression. Similar patterns were reported by Mitchell et al. (2023), with rates of 38.9% for women who experience intimate partner violence internationally.
Structural and clinical factors compound this risk. Robbins et al. (2023) linked postpartum Medicaid coverage, prior depression, and postpartum anxiety with postpartum symptoms at 9 to 10 months, when the majority of women are no longer receiving obstetric care. Khadka et al. (2024) reported the highest percentage change in diagnosis for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients, the two largest patient groups in Miami-Dade County. There is also the burden of housing insecurity, as Curzon et al. (2025) found that 15.3% of 182 sheltered moms in Miami were clinically depressed. Even when screening takes place, follow-through is limited as a result of language barriers, fear related to immigration, and disjointed referral systems.
**Review of Literature: Evidence-Based Interventions**
Curzon et al. (2025) completed a feasibility and pilot study of Child-Parent Psychotherapy with 182 mothers with infants seven months or younger living in a women's shelter in Miami. Following treatment for 16 weeks based on relationships, the rate of clinically elevated symptoms was reduced from 15.3% to 6.7% among mothers, parenting stress was reduced, and treatment satisfaction was 94%. Fidelity was high, but only 53.8% completed the full intervention. The study illustrates that a nonclinical community environment is a viable option for dyadic, trauma-informed care to be provided to highly vulnerable local mothers.
Rafat et al. (2025) performed a randomized controlled trial with 108 non-depressed women using a social messaging app (SMS) that provided virtual education with Pender's health promotion model (HPM) over six weeks. The intervention group demonstrated significantly reduced EPDS, PHQ-9 scores, and increased health-promoting lifestyle scores, with fewer cases of postpartum depression as compared to controls. The trial has demonstrated that low-cost, technology-based prevention is possible without an in-person referral, and is relevant for mothers with transportation and childcare challenges.
**Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sources**
Across these sources, the prevalence literature is the strongest methodologically. All three studies, by Wang et al. (2021), Mitchell et al. (2023), and Khadka et al. (2024), have high precision and generalizability as they pool several hundred studies and several hundred thousand women. Their regular identification of poverty, violence exposure, and low social support as risks would lend confidence that these risks occur across settings, and are not merely a reflection of one sample. Their main limitation is that they use heterogeneous screening instruments and diagnostic codes, instead of structured interviews, and that prevalence estimates differ greatly between regions and cutoffs.
The intervention literature is more actionable, but weaker in design. Curzon et al. (2025) have strong ecological validity and employ a locally matched sample, but do not include a control group, which means that causal inferences are limited. Randomization and objective measures were utilized in Rafat et al. (2025); however, a small, culturally different, and non-depressed sample was utilized, and therefore, the effects might not be applicable to mothers in Miami who are experiencing symptoms. In particular, the studies point towards a common mechanism; structured relational or educational support provided in the place mothers are. Both are complemented by Robbins et al. (2023), who demonstrated that single-point screening misses late-onset cases, which neither of the intervention studies addressed.
**Theoretical Framework**
This model guiding the proposal is Pender's Health Promotion Model. The model is based on the individual difference factors and experience factors, behavior-specific cognitions such as perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal and situational factors that impact commitment to a plan of action. This structure is also suitable for postpartum mental health because beliefs of needing postpartum screening and treatment do not rely heavily on knowledge but rather on perceived barriers such as stigma, cost, language, lack of child care, etc., and interpersonal factors such as partners, family, and trusted community staff.
The model also helps to direct the design of concrete programs. Bilingual education is based on the concept that perceived benefits are addressed through the linkage between maternal mood and infant development. Addressing perceived barriers through screening in shelters, during pediatric visits, and with food assistance can help reduce barriers. Skills-based sessions develop self-efficacy, and peer and partner involvement mobilizes interpersonal influence. That same model was used by Rafat et al. (2025) and led to an empirically valid decrease in depression symptoms. APNs can work at all levels of the construct, such as assessment, counselling, coordination of referrals, and advocacy for continued postpartum care.
**References**
Curzon, M. M., Graziano, P. A., Arcia, E., Cox, S. K., Ayala, M., Carnero, N. A., & O’Mara, N. (2024). Initial promise of child-parent psychotherapy in reducing stress and postpartum depression among mothers experiencing homelessness: A feasibility and pilot study.
_Archives of Women’s Mental Health_. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-024-01492-8
Khadka, N., Fassett, M. J., Oyelese, Y., Mensah, N. A., Chiu, V. Y., Yeh, M., Peltier, M. R., & Getahun, D. (2024). Trends in Postpartum depression by Race, ethnicity, and prepregnancy body mass index.
_JAMA Network Open_,
_7_(11), e2446486. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46486
Mitchell, A. R., Gordon, H., Lindquist, A., Walker, S. P., Homer, C. S. E., Middleton, A., Cluver, C. A., Tong, S., & Hastie, R. (2023). Prevalence of Perinatal depression in Low- and Middle-Income countries.
_JAMA Psychiatry_,
_80_(5). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0069
O’Connor, S., & L. Joseph Su. (2023). Postpartum depressive symptoms: An analysis of Social determinants using the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.
_Women’s Health Reports_,
_4_(1), 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2023.0050
Rafat, N., Bakouei, F., Delavar, M. A., & Nikbakht, H.-A. (2025). Preventing postpartum depression in pregnant women using an app-based health-promoting behaviors program (pender’s health promotion model): A randomized controlled trial.
_BMC Psychology_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02547-w
Robbins, C. L. (2023). Timing of Postpartum depressive symptoms.
_Preventing Chronic Disease_,
_20_(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230107
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, W., Krabbendam, E., Liu, S., Liu, Z., Li, Z., & Yang, B. X. (2021). Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women.
_Translational Psychiatry_,
_11_(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6
**## HealthPromotionProposal.docx**
Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2
**Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2-this is the SAME TOPIC that was Approved in WEEK 2 and a continuation of HPP Part 1.**
**This is a continuation of the health promotion program proposal, part one**, which you submitted previously.
Please approach this assignment as an opportunity to integrate instructor feedback from part I and expand on ideas adhering to the components of the MAP-IT strategy. Include necessary levels of detail you feel appropriate to assure stakeholder buy-in.
**Directions**
You have already completed the steps 1-4.
**Do not resubmit part 1.** Make sure you incorporate any suggested revisions or improvements into your submission according to your instructor’s comments.
**To assist in maintaining harmony between Part I and 2 here you have a reminder of the previous paper outline:**
· 1. Describe the health problem. Using data and statistics support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem. What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program? Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.
· 2. Describe the vulnerable population and setting. What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.
· 3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals on evidence-based interventions that address the problem. After completing a library search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, you will write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. You might consult research texts for information on how to write a review of the literature found in your search.
· 4. Select an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical framework or conceptual model that would best serve as the framework guiding the proposal. Provide a rationale for your selection which includes a discussion of the concepts of the selected model
**For this assignment develop criteria 5-8 as detailed below:**
**You will submit just this section 5-8 as an essay. Please do not resubmit Part 1.**
Use a presentation page. Start the body of content with topic 5.
· 5. Propose a health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention found in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which includes resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role.
· Be certain to include a timeline. (3 to 4 paragraphs- you may use bullets if appropriate).
· 6. Thoroughly describe the intended outcomes. Describe the outcomes in detail concurrent with the SMART goal approach.
**The SMART goal statement should be no more than one sentence** (1 paragraph).
· 7. Provide a detailed plan for the evaluation of each outcome. (2-3 paragraphs).
· 8. Thoroughly describe possible barriers/challenges to implementing the proposed project as well as strategies to address these barriers/challenges. (2+ paragraphs).
· Finish the paper with a conclusion paragraph (2 paragraphs) without typing the word "conclusion" before the paragraph.
**Paper Requirements**
This assignment is to be submitted as an essay- with an introduction, questions developed at the graduate level, and a conclusion to summarize and synthesize key points. Remember, your Proposal must be a scholarly paper demonstrating graduate school-level writing and critical analysis of existing nursing knowledge about health promotion.
APA must be strictly followed.
Your final assignment should be minimally 5 pages (excluding title page and references).
Finish the essay with your reference page.
**Please review the Grading Rubric for this Assignment.**
**REFERENCES Must have DOI Numbers for me to look them up- If I am unable to verify the references points will be deducted.**
**Great resource to assist you:** [Reference List: Author/Authors – Purdue OWL® – Purdue University](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_author_authors.html)
**Submission**
Text Editor
Press Alt + F10 to access toolbar options
_Word count: 0_
**Drag files here**
Maximum size: 512 MB
**or**
**Details & Information**
Rubric Details
**Maximum Score**
100 points
**Excellent**
The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas. All questions are answered thoroughly.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper. Questions were not fully developed but concepts are explained well.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. There is a lack of development of questions.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course. Cursory integration of knowledge and development of questions.
**10**
**Excellent**
The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis. The topic is consistently well thought out, thorough offers insight into the topic, and includes cited evidence to support the topic.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. The topic is somewhat well thought out, offers limited insight into the topic, but does not include cited evidence to support the topic.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The topic is unclear or unrelated to the discussion topic with little or no supporting evidence.
**10**
**Excellent**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. The paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and/or conclusion in the submission, but not both.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate an understanding of any relationship. There is NO introduction or conclusion in the submission.
**10**
**Excellent**
At least 6 current sources are used and are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All websites utilized are authoritative. All references complete without DOI number.
**8**
**Satisfactory**
Used 5 current sources, which are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are authoritative. 1 reference incomplete without DOI number.
**6.4**
**Unsatisfactory**
Used 4 current sources which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are credible. 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**4.8**
**Unacceptable**
Fewer than 4 current sources are used which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all websites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. More than 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**3.2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. APA level headings incorporated throughout the submission.
**5**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**4**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, or APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**3**
**Unacceptable**
The citation style is inconsistent or incorrect. It does not cite sources. The paper submitted is NOT in APA Format. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 grammatical, spelling, capitalization, or punctuation errors The required word count has been met. Similarity index and/or AI use as per university policy.
**12**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 25 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 25%.
**9.6**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 35%.
**7.2**
**Unacceptable**
An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes. The required word count is more than 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use above 35%.
**## HealthPromotionAssignment1.docx**
2
**Health Promotion: Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Ana Hernandez
Florida National University
Health Promotion & Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Nora Hernandez-Pupo
July 24, 2026
**Maternal Mental Health During the First Postpartum Year**
Poor mental health in mothers is widespread and often undiagnosed in the first year after giving birth. Wang et al. (2021) conducted a review of 565 studies in 80 countries and estimated that the prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.22% worldwide. In the United States, Khadka et al. (2024) found a significant increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression from 9.4% in 2010 to 19.0% in 2021, with high prevalence among non-Hispanic Black patients (22.0%). Robbins et al. (2023) identified 7.2% of mothers as having depressive symptoms at 9-10 months postpartum, with 57.4% of mothers screening negative prior to this stage. The proposed program will provide postpartum women in Miami-Dade County with repeated bilingual screening, psychoeducation, and warm referral. Measurable outcomes will include 20% decrease in elevated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores and 80% completion of behavioral health referrals within 12 months.
**Vulnerable Population**
The target population is postpartum women in Miami-Dade County who are publicly insured, immigrants, or who are at risk for housing instability within the first year postpartum. The most important risk factor is being economically disadvantaged. Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, O'Connor and Su (2023) determined that 54% of mothers reporting symptoms of depression in the postpartum period were at or below the federal poverty guideline, and that psychosocial stress during pregnancy, such as intimate partner violence, more than triples the likelihood of symptoms of depression. Similar patterns were reported by Mitchell et al. (2023), with rates of 38.9% for women who experience intimate partner violence internationally.
Structural and clinical factors compound this risk. Robbins et al. (2023) linked postpartum Medicaid coverage, prior depression, and postpartum anxiety with postpartum symptoms at 9 to 10 months, when the majority of women are no longer receiving obstetric care. Khadka et al. (2024) reported the highest percentage change in diagnosis for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients, the two largest patient groups in Miami-Dade County. There is also the burden of housing insecurity, as Curzon et al. (2025) found that 15.3% of 182 sheltered moms in Miami were clinically depressed. Even when screening takes place, follow-through is limited as a result of language barriers, fear related to immigration, and disjointed referral systems.
**Review of Literature: Evidence-Based Interventions**
Curzon et al. (2025) completed a feasibility and pilot study of Child-Parent Psychotherapy with 182 mothers with infants seven months or younger living in a women's shelter in Miami. Following treatment for 16 weeks based on relationships, the rate of clinically elevated symptoms was reduced from 15.3% to 6.7% among mothers, parenting stress was reduced, and treatment satisfaction was 94%. Fidelity was high, but only 53.8% completed the full intervention. The study illustrates that a nonclinical community environment is a viable option for dyadic, trauma-informed care to be provided to highly vulnerable local mothers.
Rafat et al. (2025) performed a randomized controlled trial with 108 non-depressed women using a social messaging app (SMS) that provided virtual education with Pender's health promotion model (HPM) over six weeks. The intervention group demonstrated significantly reduced EPDS, PHQ-9 scores, and increased health-promoting lifestyle scores, with fewer cases of postpartum depression as compared to controls. The trial has demonstrated that low-cost, technology-based prevention is possible without an in-person referral, and is relevant for mothers with transportation and childcare challenges.
**Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sources**
Across these sources, the prevalence literature is the strongest methodologically. All three studies, by Wang et al. (2021), Mitchell et al. (2023), and Khadka et al. (2024), have high precision and generalizability as they pool several hundred studies and several hundred thousand women. Their regular identification of poverty, violence exposure, and low social support as risks would lend confidence that these risks occur across settings, and are not merely a reflection of one sample. Their main limitation is that they use heterogeneous screening instruments and diagnostic codes, instead of structured interviews, and that prevalence estimates differ greatly between regions and cutoffs.
The intervention literature is more actionable, but weaker in design. Curzon et al. (2025) have strong ecological validity and employ a locally matched sample, but do not include a control group, which means that causal inferences are limited. Randomization and objective measures were utilized in Rafat et al. (2025); however, a small, culturally different, and non-depressed sample was utilized, and therefore, the effects might not be applicable to mothers in Miami who are experiencing symptoms. In particular, the studies point towards a common mechanism; structured relational or educational support provided in the place mothers are. Both are complemented by Robbins et al. (2023), who demonstrated that single-point screening misses late-onset cases, which neither of the intervention studies addressed.
**Theoretical Framework**
This model guiding the proposal is Pender's Health Promotion Model. The model is based on the individual difference factors and experience factors, behavior-specific cognitions such as perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal and situational factors that impact commitment to a plan of action. This structure is also suitable for postpartum mental health because beliefs of needing postpartum screening and treatment do not rely heavily on knowledge but rather on perceived barriers such as stigma, cost, language, lack of child care, etc., and interpersonal factors such as partners, family, and trusted community staff.
The model also helps to direct the design of concrete programs. Bilingual education is based on the concept that perceived benefits are addressed through the linkage between maternal mood and infant development. Addressing perceived barriers through screening in shelters, during pediatric visits, and with food assistance can help reduce barriers. Skills-based sessions develop self-efficacy, and peer and partner involvement mobilizes interpersonal influence. That same model was used by Rafat et al. (2025) and led to an empirically valid decrease in depression symptoms. APNs can work at all levels of the construct, such as assessment, counselling, coordination of referrals, and advocacy for continued postpartum care.
**References**
Curzon, M. M., Graziano, P. A., Arcia, E., Cox, S. K., Ayala, M., Carnero, N. A., & O’Mara, N. (2024). Initial promise of child-parent psychotherapy in reducing stress and postpartum depression among mothers experiencing homelessness: A feasibility and pilot study.
_Archives of Women’s Mental Health_. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-024-01492-8
Khadka, N., Fassett, M. J., Oyelese, Y., Mensah, N. A., Chiu, V. Y., Yeh, M., Peltier, M. R., & Getahun, D. (2024). Trends in Postpartum depression by Race, ethnicity, and prepregnancy body mass index.
_JAMA Network Open_,
_7_(11), e2446486. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46486
Mitchell, A. R., Gordon, H., Lindquist, A., Walker, S. P., Homer, C. S. E., Middleton, A., Cluver, C. A., Tong, S., & Hastie, R. (2023). Prevalence of Perinatal depression in Low- and Middle-Income countries.
_JAMA Psychiatry_,
_80_(5). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0069
O’Connor, S., & L. Joseph Su. (2023). Postpartum depressive symptoms: An analysis of Social determinants using the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.
_Women’s Health Reports_,
_4_(1), 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2023.0050
Rafat, N., Bakouei, F., Delavar, M. A., & Nikbakht, H.-A. (2025). Preventing postpartum depression in pregnant women using an app-based health-promoting behaviors program (pender’s health promotion model): A randomized controlled trial.
_BMC Psychology_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02547-w
Robbins, C. L. (2023). Timing of Postpartum depressive symptoms.
_Preventing Chronic Disease_,
_20_(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230107
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, W., Krabbendam, E., Liu, S., Liu, Z., Li, Z., & Yang, B. X. (2021). Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women.
_Translational Psychiatry_,
_11_(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6
**## HealthPromotionProposal.docx**
Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2
**Health Promotion Proposal, Part 2-this is the SAME TOPIC that was Approved in WEEK 2 and a continuation of HPP Part 1.**
**This is a continuation of the health promotion program proposal, part one**, which you submitted previously.
Please approach this assignment as an opportunity to integrate instructor feedback from part I and expand on ideas adhering to the components of the MAP-IT strategy. Include necessary levels of detail you feel appropriate to assure stakeholder buy-in.
**Directions**
You have already completed the steps 1-4.
**Do not resubmit part 1.** Make sure you incorporate any suggested revisions or improvements into your submission according to your instructor’s comments.
**To assist in maintaining harmony between Part I and 2 here you have a reminder of the previous paper outline:**
· 1. Describe the health problem. Using data and statistics support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem. What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program? Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.
· 2. Describe the vulnerable population and setting. What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population? Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.
· 3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals on evidence-based interventions that address the problem. After completing a library search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, you will write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. You might consult research texts for information on how to write a review of the literature found in your search.
· 4. Select an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical framework or conceptual model that would best serve as the framework guiding the proposal. Provide a rationale for your selection which includes a discussion of the concepts of the selected model
**For this assignment develop criteria 5-8 as detailed below:**
**You will submit just this section 5-8 as an essay. Please do not resubmit Part 1.**
Use a presentation page. Start the body of content with topic 5.
· 5. Propose a health promotion program using an evidence-based intervention found in your literature search to address the problem in the selected population/setting. Include a thorough discussion of the specifics of this intervention which includes resources necessary, those involved, and feasibility for a nurse in an advanced role.
· Be certain to include a timeline. (3 to 4 paragraphs- you may use bullets if appropriate).
· 6. Thoroughly describe the intended outcomes. Describe the outcomes in detail concurrent with the SMART goal approach.
**The SMART goal statement should be no more than one sentence** (1 paragraph).
· 7. Provide a detailed plan for the evaluation of each outcome. (2-3 paragraphs).
· 8. Thoroughly describe possible barriers/challenges to implementing the proposed project as well as strategies to address these barriers/challenges. (2+ paragraphs).
· Finish the paper with a conclusion paragraph (2 paragraphs) without typing the word "conclusion" before the paragraph.
**Paper Requirements**
This assignment is to be submitted as an essay- with an introduction, questions developed at the graduate level, and a conclusion to summarize and synthesize key points. Remember, your Proposal must be a scholarly paper demonstrating graduate school-level writing and critical analysis of existing nursing knowledge about health promotion.
APA must be strictly followed.
Your final assignment should be minimally 5 pages (excluding title page and references).
Finish the essay with your reference page.
**Please review the Grading Rubric for this Assignment.**
**REFERENCES Must have DOI Numbers for me to look them up- If I am unable to verify the references points will be deducted.**
**Great resource to assist you:** [Reference List: Author/Authors – Purdue OWL® – Purdue University](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_author_authors.html)
**Submission**
Text Editor
Press Alt + F10 to access toolbar options
_Word count: 0_
**Drag files here**
Maximum size: 512 MB
**or**
**Details & Information**
Rubric Details
**Maximum Score**
100 points
**Excellent**
The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas. All questions are answered thoroughly.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper. Questions were not fully developed but concepts are explained well.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. There is a lack of development of questions.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course. Cursory integration of knowledge and development of questions.
**10**
**Excellent**
The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis. The topic is consistently well thought out, thorough offers insight into the topic, and includes cited evidence to support the topic.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. The topic is somewhat well thought out, offers limited insight into the topic, but does not include cited evidence to support the topic.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
The topic is unclear or unrelated to the discussion topic with little or no supporting evidence.
**10**
**Excellent**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**25**
**Satisfactory**
In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and a conclusion in the submission.
**20**
**Unsatisfactory**
The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. The paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between material obtained from all sources. There is an introduction and/or conclusion in the submission, but not both.
**15**
**Unacceptable**
Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate an understanding of any relationship. There is NO introduction or conclusion in the submission.
**10**
**Excellent**
At least 6 current sources are used and are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All websites utilized are authoritative. All references complete without DOI number.
**8**
**Satisfactory**
Used 5 current sources, which are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are authoritative. 1 reference incomplete without DOI number.
**6.4**
**Unsatisfactory**
Used 4 current sources which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All websites utilized are credible. 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**4.8**
**Unacceptable**
Fewer than 4 current sources are used which are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all websites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. More than 2 references incomplete without DOI number.
**3.2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. APA level headings incorporated throughout the submission.
**5**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, and APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**4**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 incomplete citations and/or quotations, or APA format errors. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**3**
**Unacceptable**
The citation style is inconsistent or incorrect. It does not cite sources. The paper submitted is NOT in APA Format. No headings incorporated other than the title heading.
**2**
**Excellent**
Fewer than 5 grammatical, spelling, capitalization, or punctuation errors The required word count has been met. Similarity index and/or AI use as per university policy.
**12**
**Satisfactory**
More than 5 but fewer than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 25 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 25%.
**9.6**
**Unsatisfactory**
More than 10 grammatical, spelling, capitalization & punctuation errors The required word count is 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use below 35%.
**7.2**
**Unacceptable**
An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes. The required word count is more than 50 words below the minimum required count. Similarity index and/or AI use above 35%.