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See attachment – ## UnitIIICaseStudyAssignmentInstructions.docx – ## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf – UnitIIICaseStudies.docx **## UnitIIICaseStudyAssignmentInstructions.docx** Unit III Case Study It is important to understand what information systems are and why they are essential for running and managing a…
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– ## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf
– UnitIIICaseStudies.docx
**## UnitIIICaseStudyAssignmentInstructions.docx**
Unit III Case Study
It is important to understand what information systems are and why they are essential for running and managing a business. It is also important to understand the different systems that support different groups or levels of management. In addition, digital technology and the Internet play a key role in executing major business processes in the enterprise. Also, it is important to understand the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems.
The case studies below provide you with an opportunity to critically analyze events that are taking place in real-life businesses. This helps to develop your critical thinking and research skills as you research each of these scenarios. You will review each case study, and provide a thorough analysis of each that demonstrates critical thinking and application of the concepts presented in Units I and II.
In Chapter 1 of your eTextbook, read the case study "UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology," and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· How does UPS use information systems technology to achieve its strategic goals of being more efficient and customer oriented?
· What would happen if the automated package tracking system was not available?
· Discuss how globalization has "flattened" the world.
In Chapter 2 of your eTextbook, read the case study "The City of Mississauga Goes Digital" and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Describe the problems the City of Mississauga hoped to address using digital technology.
· What technologies did Mississauga employ for a solution? Describe each of these technologies and the role each played in a solution.
· What management, organization, and technology issues did the City of Mississauga have to address in developing a solution?
· How did the technologies in this case improve operations and decision making at the City of Mississauga?
In Chapter 3 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Shipping Wars,” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Why is shipping so important for e-commerce? Explain your answer.
· Compare the shipping strategies of Amazon, FedEx, and UPS? How are they related to each company’s business model?
· Will FedEx succeed in its push into ground shipping? Why, or why not?
· Explain the importance of collaboration and information sharing for businesses.
In Chapter 4 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Your Smartphone: Big Brother's Best Friend” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Explain emerging technologies business. Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.
· Discuss at least one ethical, social, and political issue raised by embedded cyber connections in smart devices.
· Discuss how big data analytics are being applied to all of the data generated by smart vehicles and other smart devices. Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
· Analyze how information systems are transforming business.
Your case study should be at least four pages in length, not counting the required references page. When constructing your paper, do not use the question-and-answer format; instead, present a thorough and insightful analysis using strong arguments and evidence as you apply course concepts. Your final submission must be an APA formatted paper of at least four pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages).
You are required to use at least four peer-reviewed, academic sources that are no more than 5 years old (one may be your eTextbook) in each of the four analyses. All sources used, including the eTextbook, must have citations and references properly formatted in APA Style.
**## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Examine emerging trends in information technology for organizations.
2.2 Explain emerging technologies in business.
7. Discuss an information technology infrastructure.
7.1 Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Insight. (2015, May 5). Rockwell automation fuels the oil and gas industry with IoT [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o
A transcript of the video is available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video
title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Unit Lesson
What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
IT infrastructure includes the shared technology resources that provide the platform supporting our
information system applications. An IT infrastructure includes seven major components: consultants and
system integrators, computer hardware platforms, data management and storage, enterprise software
applications, networking and telecommunications technology, Internet platforms, and operating system
platforms. As you can see, there is more to a firm’s IT infrastructure than just hardware and software. IT
infrastructure includes everything technical that supports the business. It supports both the business and IT
strategies.
Think of it this way: If our strategy is to offer our customer a specific service such as electronic invoicing
(EDI), how can we do that without the infrastructure in place to carry out that goal? The IT infrastructure in this
case is the EDI software, the hardware (i.e., a server, database, and the Internet), the personnel, the
educational services, the management services, and so on.
Evolution of IT Infrastructure
How has IT infrastructure evolved over time? Most of us have a sense of the answer to this question. It is
enormous! Just look at computers—the first ones were huge. Businesses used mainframes that were the size
of trucks, and now servers are the size of a desktop.
Simple applications of the past have now become suites, or bundles of applications that can work together.
Now, there are enterprise-level applications that help improve an organization’s productivity and efficiency via
a collection of programs with common business applications. They are designed to be customizable to solve
enterprise-wide problems rather than personnel or departmental problems.
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
IT Infrastructure, Emerging Technologies,
and Foundations of Business Intelligence
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In addition, there are newly emerging enterprise-level tools such as enterprise database management
software. Again, enterprise-level tools take the already existing tools to a different level to answer the need for
more storage and enterprise-wide sharing.
Years ago, dialing into the Internet meant using a slow modem. Now, businesses can use fiber-optic and
wireless technologies. In the past, for small- to medium-sized organizations, many of the emerging
technologies were out of reach and were mostly cost prohibitive. Now, these businesses can turn to the cloud
and service providers to gain access to technologies that were previously out of reach.
The video below displays how an industrial manufacturer, Microsoft, and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine
to provide innovative improvements to the worldwide oil and gas supply chain.
View the video Rockwell Automation Fuels the Oil and Gas Industry with IoT. (A transcript of the video is
available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-
captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Current Trends in Technology
We just mentioned one trend, which is cloud computing. Cloud computing offers many on-demand services.
One good example is software as a service (SaaS). This service allows the customer to take advantage of
highly beneficial applications via a yearly subscription fee rather than paying a large purchase cost. Cloud
computing helps businesses reduce their IT overhead costs while making their systems more efficient by
offering access to computing capacity that many small- to medium-sized businesses might not be able to
afford.
Let’s examine the opening case in Chapter 5, “American Airlines Heads for the Cloud.” In this scenario,
American Airlines needed to upgrade their IT to improve customer service and remain competitive. However,
instead of upgrading its own IT infrastructure and develop the new applications the traditional way (on
premise computing center), the company decided it would be more cost-effective to use cloud computing.
This decision meant that the company did not need to invest heavily in its own IT infrastructure or in the
personnel needed to develop and maintain it. By migrating a portion of their systems to IBM cloud services,
the company was able to get up and running in half the time and for less cost had they chosen to upgrade
their own IT infrastructure. The new systems significantly improve system performance and reliability and
reduce end-user response time.
Another benefit to cloud computing is that the cloud service is scalable, which means that as the company
grows, the cloud services can grow with it.
Although there seems to be advantages for using cloud services, there are also some disadvantages. Even
though users can access data via the cloud from just about anywhere, there are security risks for many
businesses and concerns about the transfer of IT responsibilities to a third party. For example, how well does
the vendor monitor security threats? How fast do they respond to issues? How often does the vender have
downtime? There are many things to consider when transferring IT responsibilities to a third party.
Virtualization is another recent trend. Many organizations are moving their physical servers to a virtual
platform rather than being restricted by the physical restraints of the server box. In a virtual world, you can
assign resources dynamically, and all of the servers on a host share the whole.
Another recent trend is wearable technology—devices that contain multiple sensors that can track a variety of
activities. For example, a fitness tracker can track the number of steps a person walks and their heart rate,
and it can track how long they performed the activity. There are a variety of wearable technologies such as
fitness trackers, smartwatches, smart jewelry, smart clothing, implantables, and head-mounted displays.
Wearable devices in business can help increase employee productivity by providing information instantly
without the user having to interrupt whatever task he or she is working on. This type of technology is helping
businesses better understand their employees and their customers by learning about what they do every day,
what they do to stay healthy, where they go, and how they feel. There are many benefits to wearable
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
technology, but there are also concerns about privacy and about how the sensitive data are used by
businesses.
Business Intelligence (BI)
Suppose you have over 100 small candy stores across the United States. You want to collect data about
pricing changes from the vendors and information about marketing trends. Then, you might also want to
collect information from external sources like your competitor data or demographic data.
How would you store this information? Well, you will store it in a data warehouse. Data warehouses are a part
of your BI infrastructure. It is through this infrastructure that you can use tools like analytics and data mining to
look for patterns in your data that you cannot see by just looking at query or report results.
The first analytical method is online analytical processing (OLAP), which allows the user to view data in
different ways by using different dimensions. This is commonly referred to as using a data cube. How could
this be used for our example? Well, we could pull information on the best-selling candy bar, the average price,
and the day of the week and the month of the year when the most candy bars are sold. Would that get us
closer to knowing what kind of discount offers to put in our stores? It would, but this would not provide us with
enough information.
The next common analytical method is data mining. Data mining is more complex and looks for hidden
patterns and relationships. Again, let’s apply this to our previous example. The results of our data mining
could show us the best-selling candy bar, the average price, and the day of the week and month of the year
when we sell the most candy bars. It may also tell us that the majority of the time that people buy candy bars
is when they also buy a soda or coffee. Now, what can our marketing department do with that information?
They can bundle products together and advertise them in the store windows and at the gas pumps: “Buy a
soda and candy bar, and you can get 50 cents off.”
This is a simple example. Just imagine the rows of data that retailers like Amazon.com have stored in
databases and data warehouses! Now, there are Web mining tools that help organizations understand
customers’ Internet patterns, including which websites they frequent, what they buy, what they do not buy,
and how long they spent on the websites. All of this is large data, and it is valuable data.
Let’s take a look at the opening case in Chapter 6, “Domino’s Pizza Masters Data One Pizza at a Time.” In
this example, we can see that data can be difficult to access and analyze if systems are not configured
properly. The company had millions of records with data from nearly 15,000 outlets in 70 countries serving
millions of pizzas each year, but they were not able to organize the data to be analyzed because much of the
data was in 85,000 different internal and external unintegrated sources (Marr, 2018, as cited in Laudon &
Laudon, 2022).
By implementing a data warehouse, the company was able to consolidate the data from the various
repositories to a single location. Consolidating the data makes it much easier to access and manipulate into
usable information. With its new data warehouse, the company now has a single, consistent source of data to
use to create one-to-one buying experiences across multiple points of interaction with customers and to drive
the growth of individual stores and franchise groups.
Summary
Organizations can make big decisions based on their data. They pay a huge amount of money to store and
analyze the collected data. As an IT professional, it is your job to protect the data and to help ensure data
quality and integrity. There are several concepts—other than the ones previously mentioned—that are also
important to this field. The most important involve the need for organizations to set effective information
policies and to have adequate data governance across the enterprise. We will cover more on these topics in a
future lesson.
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Reference
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).
Pearson.
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:
• Chapter 5 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 5 PowerPoint presentation)
• Chapter 6 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 6 PowerPoint presentation)
The following article introduces design details, key technologies, and practical implementation methods of
smart clothing systems.
Chen, M., Ma, Y., Song, J., Lai, C.-F., & Hu, B. (2016). Smart clothing: Connecting human with clouds and big
data for sustainable health monitoring. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21(5), 825–845.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 5 and 6 video cases linked below.
A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
video.
Amazon Web Services. (2012, July 30). Netflix on AWS – Customer Success Story [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA
The Verge. (2015, January 28). ESPN and the future of sports coverage [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
– Evolution of IT Infrastructure
– Current Trends in Technology
– Business Intelligence (BI)
– Summary
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
**UnitIIICaseStudies.docx**
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**## UnitIIICaseStudyAssignmentInstructions.docx**
Unit III Case Study
It is important to understand what information systems are and why they are essential for running and managing a business. It is also important to understand the different systems that support different groups or levels of management. In addition, digital technology and the Internet play a key role in executing major business processes in the enterprise. Also, it is important to understand the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems.
The case studies below provide you with an opportunity to critically analyze events that are taking place in real-life businesses. This helps to develop your critical thinking and research skills as you research each of these scenarios. You will review each case study, and provide a thorough analysis of each that demonstrates critical thinking and application of the concepts presented in Units I and II.
In Chapter 1 of your eTextbook, read the case study "UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology," and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· How does UPS use information systems technology to achieve its strategic goals of being more efficient and customer oriented?
· What would happen if the automated package tracking system was not available?
· Discuss how globalization has "flattened" the world.
In Chapter 2 of your eTextbook, read the case study "The City of Mississauga Goes Digital" and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Describe the problems the City of Mississauga hoped to address using digital technology.
· What technologies did Mississauga employ for a solution? Describe each of these technologies and the role each played in a solution.
· What management, organization, and technology issues did the City of Mississauga have to address in developing a solution?
· How did the technologies in this case improve operations and decision making at the City of Mississauga?
In Chapter 3 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Shipping Wars,” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Why is shipping so important for e-commerce? Explain your answer.
· Compare the shipping strategies of Amazon, FedEx, and UPS? How are they related to each company’s business model?
· Will FedEx succeed in its push into ground shipping? Why, or why not?
· Explain the importance of collaboration and information sharing for businesses.
In Chapter 4 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Your Smartphone: Big Brother's Best Friend” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Explain emerging technologies business. Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.
· Discuss at least one ethical, social, and political issue raised by embedded cyber connections in smart devices.
· Discuss how big data analytics are being applied to all of the data generated by smart vehicles and other smart devices. Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
· Analyze how information systems are transforming business.
Your case study should be at least four pages in length, not counting the required references page. When constructing your paper, do not use the question-and-answer format; instead, present a thorough and insightful analysis using strong arguments and evidence as you apply course concepts. Your final submission must be an APA formatted paper of at least four pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages).
You are required to use at least four peer-reviewed, academic sources that are no more than 5 years old (one may be your eTextbook) in each of the four analyses. All sources used, including the eTextbook, must have citations and references properly formatted in APA Style.
**## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Examine emerging trends in information technology for organizations.
2.2 Explain emerging technologies in business.
7. Discuss an information technology infrastructure.
7.1 Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Insight. (2015, May 5). Rockwell automation fuels the oil and gas industry with IoT [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o
A transcript of the video is available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video
title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Unit Lesson
What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
IT infrastructure includes the shared technology resources that provide the platform supporting our
information system applications. An IT infrastructure includes seven major components: consultants and
system integrators, computer hardware platforms, data management and storage, enterprise software
applications, networking and telecommunications technology, Internet platforms, and operating system
platforms. As you can see, there is more to a firm’s IT infrastructure than just hardware and software. IT
infrastructure includes everything technical that supports the business. It supports both the business and IT
strategies.
Think of it this way: If our strategy is to offer our customer a specific service such as electronic invoicing
(EDI), how can we do that without the infrastructure in place to carry out that goal? The IT infrastructure in this
case is the EDI software, the hardware (i.e., a server, database, and the Internet), the personnel, the
educational services, the management services, and so on.
Evolution of IT Infrastructure
How has IT infrastructure evolved over time? Most of us have a sense of the answer to this question. It is
enormous! Just look at computers—the first ones were huge. Businesses used mainframes that were the size
of trucks, and now servers are the size of a desktop.
Simple applications of the past have now become suites, or bundles of applications that can work together.
Now, there are enterprise-level applications that help improve an organization’s productivity and efficiency via
a collection of programs with common business applications. They are designed to be customizable to solve
enterprise-wide problems rather than personnel or departmental problems.
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
IT Infrastructure, Emerging Technologies,
and Foundations of Business Intelligence
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In addition, there are newly emerging enterprise-level tools such as enterprise database management
software. Again, enterprise-level tools take the already existing tools to a different level to answer the need for
more storage and enterprise-wide sharing.
Years ago, dialing into the Internet meant using a slow modem. Now, businesses can use fiber-optic and
wireless technologies. In the past, for small- to medium-sized organizations, many of the emerging
technologies were out of reach and were mostly cost prohibitive. Now, these businesses can turn to the cloud
and service providers to gain access to technologies that were previously out of reach.
The video below displays how an industrial manufacturer, Microsoft, and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine
to provide innovative improvements to the worldwide oil and gas supply chain.
View the video Rockwell Automation Fuels the Oil and Gas Industry with IoT. (A transcript of the video is
available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-
captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Current Trends in Technology
We just mentioned one trend, which is cloud computing. Cloud computing offers many on-demand services.
One good example is software as a service (SaaS). This service allows the customer to take advantage of
highly beneficial applications via a yearly subscription fee rather than paying a large purchase cost. Cloud
computing helps businesses reduce their IT overhead costs while making their systems more efficient by
offering access to computing capacity that many small- to medium-sized businesses might not be able to
afford.
Let’s examine the opening case in Chapter 5, “American Airlines Heads for the Cloud.” In this scenario,
American Airlines needed to upgrade their IT to improve customer service and remain competitive. However,
instead of upgrading its own IT infrastructure and develop the new applications the traditional way (on
premise computing center), the company decided it would be more cost-effective to use cloud computing.
This decision meant that the company did not need to invest heavily in its own IT infrastructure or in the
personnel needed to develop and maintain it. By migrating a portion of their systems to IBM cloud services,
the company was able to get up and running in half the time and for less cost had they chosen to upgrade
their own IT infrastructure. The new systems significantly improve system performance and reliability and
reduce end-user response time.
Another benefit to cloud computing is that the cloud service is scalable, which means that as the company
grows, the cloud services can grow with it.
Although there seems to be advantages for using cloud services, there are also some disadvantages. Even
though users can access data via the cloud from just about anywhere, there are security risks for many
businesses and concerns about the transfer of IT responsibilities to a third party. For example, how well does
the vendor monitor security threats? How fast do they respond to issues? How often does the vender have
downtime? There are many things to consider when transferring IT responsibilities to a third party.
Virtualization is another recent trend. Many organizations are moving their physical servers to a virtual
platform rather than being restricted by the physical restraints of the server box. In a virtual world, you can
assign resources dynamically, and all of the servers on a host share the whole.
Another recent trend is wearable technology—devices that contain multiple sensors that can track a variety of
activities. For example, a fitness tracker can track the number of steps a person walks and their heart rate,
and it can track how long they performed the activity. There are a variety of wearable technologies such as
fitness trackers, smartwatches, smart jewelry, smart clothing, implantables, and head-mounted displays.
Wearable devices in business can help increase employee productivity by providing information instantly
without the user having to interrupt whatever task he or she is working on. This type of technology is helping
businesses better understand their employees and their customers by learning about what they do every day,
what they do to stay healthy, where they go, and how they feel. There are many benefits to wearable
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
technology, but there are also concerns about privacy and about how the sensitive data are used by
businesses.
Business Intelligence (BI)
Suppose you have over 100 small candy stores across the United States. You want to collect data about
pricing changes from the vendors and information about marketing trends. Then, you might also want to
collect information from external sources like your competitor data or demographic data.
How would you store this information? Well, you will store it in a data warehouse. Data warehouses are a part
of your BI infrastructure. It is through this infrastructure that you can use tools like analytics and data mining to
look for patterns in your data that you cannot see by just looking at query or report results.
The first analytical method is online analytical processing (OLAP), which allows the user to view data in
different ways by using different dimensions. This is commonly referred to as using a data cube. How could
this be used for our example? Well, we could pull information on the best-selling candy bar, the average price,
and the day of the week and the month of the year when the most candy bars are sold. Would that get us
closer to knowing what kind of discount offers to put in our stores? It would, but this would not provide us with
enough information.
The next common analytical method is data mining. Data mining is more complex and looks for hidden
patterns and relationships. Again, let’s apply this to our previous example. The results of our data mining
could show us the best-selling candy bar, the average price, and the day of the week and month of the year
when we sell the most candy bars. It may also tell us that the majority of the time that people buy candy bars
is when they also buy a soda or coffee. Now, what can our marketing department do with that information?
They can bundle products together and advertise them in the store windows and at the gas pumps: “Buy a
soda and candy bar, and you can get 50 cents off.”
This is a simple example. Just imagine the rows of data that retailers like Amazon.com have stored in
databases and data warehouses! Now, there are Web mining tools that help organizations understand
customers’ Internet patterns, including which websites they frequent, what they buy, what they do not buy,
and how long they spent on the websites. All of this is large data, and it is valuable data.
Let’s take a look at the opening case in Chapter 6, “Domino’s Pizza Masters Data One Pizza at a Time.” In
this example, we can see that data can be difficult to access and analyze if systems are not configured
properly. The company had millions of records with data from nearly 15,000 outlets in 70 countries serving
millions of pizzas each year, but they were not able to organize the data to be analyzed because much of the
data was in 85,000 different internal and external unintegrated sources (Marr, 2018, as cited in Laudon &
Laudon, 2022).
By implementing a data warehouse, the company was able to consolidate the data from the various
repositories to a single location. Consolidating the data makes it much easier to access and manipulate into
usable information. With its new data warehouse, the company now has a single, consistent source of data to
use to create one-to-one buying experiences across multiple points of interaction with customers and to drive
the growth of individual stores and franchise groups.
Summary
Organizations can make big decisions based on their data. They pay a huge amount of money to store and
analyze the collected data. As an IT professional, it is your job to protect the data and to help ensure data
quality and integrity. There are several concepts—other than the ones previously mentioned—that are also
important to this field. The most important involve the need for organizations to set effective information
policies and to have adequate data governance across the enterprise. We will cover more on these topics in a
future lesson.
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Reference
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).
Pearson.
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:
• Chapter 5 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 5 PowerPoint presentation)
• Chapter 6 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 6 PowerPoint presentation)
The following article introduces design details, key technologies, and practical implementation methods of
smart clothing systems.
Chen, M., Ma, Y., Song, J., Lai, C.-F., & Hu, B. (2016). Smart clothing: Connecting human with clouds and big
data for sustainable health monitoring. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21(5), 825–845.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 5 and 6 video cases linked below.
A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
video.
Amazon Web Services. (2012, July 30). Netflix on AWS – Customer Success Story [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA
The Verge. (2015, January 28). ESPN and the future of sports coverage [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
– Evolution of IT Infrastructure
– Current Trends in Technology
– Business Intelligence (BI)
– Summary
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
**UnitIIICaseStudies.docx**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/unitiiicasestudies-docx)
**## UnitIIICaseStudyAssignmentInstructions.docx**
Unit III Case Study
It is important to understand what information systems are and why they are essential for running and managing a business. It is also important to understand the different systems that support different groups or levels of management. In addition, digital technology and the Internet play a key role in executing major business processes in the enterprise. Also, it is important to understand the ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems.
The case studies below provide you with an opportunity to critically analyze events that are taking place in real-life businesses. This helps to develop your critical thinking and research skills as you research each of these scenarios. You will review each case study, and provide a thorough analysis of each that demonstrates critical thinking and application of the concepts presented in Units I and II.
In Chapter 1 of your eTextbook, read the case study "UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology," and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· How does UPS use information systems technology to achieve its strategic goals of being more efficient and customer oriented?
· What would happen if the automated package tracking system was not available?
· Discuss how globalization has "flattened" the world.
In Chapter 2 of your eTextbook, read the case study "The City of Mississauga Goes Digital" and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Describe the problems the City of Mississauga hoped to address using digital technology.
· What technologies did Mississauga employ for a solution? Describe each of these technologies and the role each played in a solution.
· What management, organization, and technology issues did the City of Mississauga have to address in developing a solution?
· How did the technologies in this case improve operations and decision making at the City of Mississauga?
In Chapter 3 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Shipping Wars,” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Why is shipping so important for e-commerce? Explain your answer.
· Compare the shipping strategies of Amazon, FedEx, and UPS? How are they related to each company’s business model?
· Will FedEx succeed in its push into ground shipping? Why, or why not?
· Explain the importance of collaboration and information sharing for businesses.
In Chapter 4 of your eTextbook, read the case study “Your Smartphone: Big Brother's Best Friend” and write an analysis that addresses the following:
· Explain emerging technologies business. Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.
· Discuss at least one ethical, social, and political issue raised by embedded cyber connections in smart devices.
· Discuss how big data analytics are being applied to all of the data generated by smart vehicles and other smart devices. Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
· Analyze how information systems are transforming business.
Your case study should be at least four pages in length, not counting the required references page. When constructing your paper, do not use the question-and-answer format; instead, present a thorough and insightful analysis using strong arguments and evidence as you apply course concepts. Your final submission must be an APA formatted paper of at least four pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages).
You are required to use at least four peer-reviewed, academic sources that are no more than 5 years old (one may be your eTextbook) in each of the four analyses. All sources used, including the eTextbook, must have citations and references properly formatted in APA Style.
**## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Examine emerging trends in information technology for organizations.
2.2 Explain emerging technologies in business.
7. Discuss an information technology infrastructure.
7.1 Discuss how business intelligence systems are used for reporting and data analytics.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Insight. (2015, May 5). Rockwell automation fuels the oil and gas industry with IoT [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o
A transcript of the video is available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video
title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Unit Lesson
What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
IT infrastructure includes the shared technology resources that provide the platform supporting our
information system applications. An IT infrastructure includes seven major components: consultants and
system integrators, computer hardware platforms, data management and storage, enterprise software
applications, networking and telecommunications technology, Internet platforms, and operating system
platforms. As you can see, there is more to a firm’s IT infrastructure than just hardware and software. IT
infrastructure includes everything technical that supports the business. It supports both the business and IT
strategies.
Think of it this way: If our strategy is to offer our customer a specific service such as electronic invoicing
(EDI), how can we do that without the infrastructure in place to carry out that goal? The IT infrastructure in this
case is the EDI software, the hardware (i.e., a server, database, and the Internet), the personnel, the
educational services, the management services, and so on.
Evolution of IT Infrastructure
How has IT infrastructure evolved over time? Most of us have a sense of the answer to this question. It is
enormous! Just look at computers—the first ones were huge. Businesses used mainframes that were the size
of trucks, and now servers are the size of a desktop.
Simple applications of the past have now become suites, or bundles of applications that can work together.
Now, there are enterprise-level applications that help improve an organization’s productivity and efficiency via
a collection of programs with common business applications. They are designed to be customizable to solve
enterprise-wide problems rather than personnel or departmental problems.
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
IT Infrastructure, Emerging Technologies,
and Foundations of Business Intelligence
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
In addition, there are newly emerging enterprise-level tools such as enterprise database management
software. Again, enterprise-level tools take the already existing tools to a different level to answer the need for
more storage and enterprise-wide sharing.
Years ago, dialing into the Internet meant using a slow modem. Now, businesses can use fiber-optic and
wireless technologies. In the past, for small- to medium-sized organizations, many of the emerging
technologies were out of reach and were mostly cost prohibitive. Now, these businesses can turn to the cloud
and service providers to gain access to technologies that were previously out of reach.
The video below displays how an industrial manufacturer, Microsoft, and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine
to provide innovative improvements to the worldwide oil and gas supply chain.
View the video Rockwell Automation Fuels the Oil and Gas Industry with IoT. (A transcript of the video is
available within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-
captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.
Current Trends in Technology
We just mentioned one trend, which is cloud computing. Cloud computing offers many on-demand services.
One good example is software as a service (SaaS). This service allows the customer to take advantage of
highly beneficial applications via a yearly subscription fee rather than paying a large purchase cost. Cloud
computing helps businesses reduce their IT overhead costs while making their systems more efficient by
offering access to computing capacity that many small- to medium-sized businesses might not be able to
afford.
Let’s examine the opening case in Chapter 5, “American Airlines Heads for the Cloud.” In this scenario,
American Airlines needed to upgrade their IT to improve customer service and remain competitive. However,
instead of upgrading its own IT infrastructure and develop the new applications the traditional way (on
premise computing center), the company decided it would be more cost-effective to use cloud computing.
This decision meant that the company did not need to invest heavily in its own IT infrastructure or in the
personnel needed to develop and maintain it. By migrating a portion of their systems to IBM cloud services,
the company was able to get up and running in half the time and for less cost had they chosen to upgrade
their own IT infrastructure. The new systems significantly improve system performance and reliability and
reduce end-user response time.
Another benefit to cloud computing is that the cloud service is scalable, which means that as the company
grows, the cloud services can grow with it.
Although there seems to be advantages for using cloud services, there are also some disadvantages. Even
though users can access data via the cloud from just about anywhere, there are security risks for many
businesses and concerns about the transfer of IT responsibilities to a third party. For example, how well does
the vendor monitor security threats? How fast do they respond to issues? How often does the vender have
downtime? There are many things to consider when transferring IT responsibilities to a third party.
Virtualization is another recent trend. Many organizations are moving their physical servers to a virtual
platform rather than being restricted by the physical restraints of the server box. In a virtual world, you can
assign resources dynamically, and all of the servers on a host share the whole.
Another recent trend is wearable technology—devices that contain multiple sensors that can track a variety of
activities. For example, a fitness tracker can track the number of steps a person walks and their heart rate,
and it can track how long they performed the activity. There are a variety of wearable technologies such as
fitness trackers, smartwatches, smart jewelry, smart clothing, implantables, and head-mounted displays.
Wearable devices in business can help increase employee productivity by providing information instantly
without the user having to interrupt whatever task he or she is working on. This type of technology is helping
businesses better understand their employees and their customers by learning about what they do every day,
what they do to stay healthy, where they go, and how they feel. There are many benefits to wearable
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7Fm5thPE4o)
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
technology, but there are also concerns about privacy and about how the sensitive data are used by
businesses.
Business Intelligence (BI)
Suppose you have over 100 small candy stores across the United States. You want to collect data about
pricing changes from the vendors and information about marketing trends. Then, you might also want to
collect information from external sources like your competitor data or demographic data.
How would you store this information? Well, you will store it in a data warehouse. Data warehouses are a part
of your BI infrastructure. It is through this infrastructure that you can use tools like analytics and data mining to
look for patterns in your data that you cannot see by just looking at query or report results.
The first analytical method is online analytical processing (OLAP), which allows the user to view data in
different ways by using different dimensions. This is commonly referred to as using a data cube. How could
this be used for our example? Well, we could pull information on the best-selling candy bar, the average price,
and the day of the week and the month of the year when the most candy bars are sold. Would that get us
closer to knowing what kind of discount offers to put in our stores? It would, but this would not provide us with
enough information.
The next common analytical method is data mining. Data mining is more complex and looks for hidden
patterns and relationships. Again, let’s apply this to our previous example. The results of our data mining
could show us the best-selling candy bar, the average price, and the day of the week and month of the year
when we sell the most candy bars. It may also tell us that the majority of the time that people buy candy bars
is when they also buy a soda or coffee. Now, what can our marketing department do with that information?
They can bundle products together and advertise them in the store windows and at the gas pumps: “Buy a
soda and candy bar, and you can get 50 cents off.”
This is a simple example. Just imagine the rows of data that retailers like Amazon.com have stored in
databases and data warehouses! Now, there are Web mining tools that help organizations understand
customers’ Internet patterns, including which websites they frequent, what they buy, what they do not buy,
and how long they spent on the websites. All of this is large data, and it is valuable data.
Let’s take a look at the opening case in Chapter 6, “Domino’s Pizza Masters Data One Pizza at a Time.” In
this example, we can see that data can be difficult to access and analyze if systems are not configured
properly. The company had millions of records with data from nearly 15,000 outlets in 70 countries serving
millions of pizzas each year, but they were not able to organize the data to be analyzed because much of the
data was in 85,000 different internal and external unintegrated sources (Marr, 2018, as cited in Laudon &
Laudon, 2022).
By implementing a data warehouse, the company was able to consolidate the data from the various
repositories to a single location. Consolidating the data makes it much easier to access and manipulate into
usable information. With its new data warehouse, the company now has a single, consistent source of data to
use to create one-to-one buying experiences across multiple points of interaction with customers and to drive
the growth of individual stores and franchise groups.
Summary
Organizations can make big decisions based on their data. They pay a huge amount of money to store and
analyze the collected data. As an IT professional, it is your job to protect the data and to help ensure data
quality and integrity. There are several concepts—other than the ones previously mentioned—that are also
important to this field. The most important involve the need for organizations to set effective information
policies and to have adequate data governance across the enterprise. We will cover more on these topics in a
future lesson.
ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Reference
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).
Pearson.
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:
• Chapter 5 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 5 PowerPoint presentation)
• Chapter 6 PowerPoint Presentation
(PDF for Chapter 6 PowerPoint presentation)
The following article introduces design details, key technologies, and practical implementation methods of
smart clothing systems.
Chen, M., Ma, Y., Song, J., Lai, C.-F., & Hu, B. (2016). Smart clothing: Connecting human with clouds and big
data for sustainable health monitoring. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21(5), 825–845.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 5 and 6 video cases linked below.
A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
video.
Amazon Web Services. (2012, July 30). Netflix on AWS – Customer Success Story [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA
The Verge. (2015, January 28). ESPN and the future of sports coverage [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631391_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605727_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631393_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605729_1)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=118670600&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3PAGZJewA)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv7q1Wx_QHw)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– What Is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
– Evolution of IT Infrastructure
– Current Trends in Technology
– Business Intelligence (BI)
– Summary
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
**UnitIIICaseStudies.docx**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/unitiiicasestudies-docx)
– 1
– 2
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