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  • [Solved] Feedback Candice

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    Program evaluation is a critical procedure that is used to ascertain whether the community-based mental health services deliver their desired results or not. Assessments bring out evidence to enhance service delivery, accountability and resource allocation. The outpatient anxiety treatment program i…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Program evaluation is a critical procedure that is used to ascertain whether the community-based mental health services deliver their desired results or not. Assessments bring out evidence to enhance service delivery, accountability and resource allocation. The outpatient anxiety treatment program in the Grand Concourse Counseling Center seeks to evaluate the efficacy of the interventions that were implemented to minimize anxiety and enhance the functioning of the clients in the community. By examining such programs, the progress is not only measured, but obstacles and areas of improvement are also established in the treatment implementation. According to Fink (2023), meaningful evaluation entails organized collection and analysis of data in order to examine the quality, effectiveness and value of the program.
    1. Outcome Being Evaluated
    The outcome under consideration is a reduction in anxiety symptoms of the clients attending the Outpatient Anxiety Treatment Program. The outcome will be assessed with the help of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), according to which a reduction of the scores during the intake and discharge will signal an improvement.
    1. Evaluation Design
    This program evaluation will be based on a self-controlled pre/ post design that compares the GAD-7 clients' scores at the time of intake and at the time of discharge. This design is suitable for the program since clients already undergo screenings during the initial time they receive services, and they are reassessed during treatment planning or discharge. The program is conducted on a regular schedule of weekly therapy sessions, which provide sufficient time for a quantifiable change can be noticed. This approach is also a suitable method since the clients will develop at a pace unique to each individual, and having each person compared with their own norms will not make any assumptions regarding consistent progressions. The program does not divide the clients into various treatment categories, and thus, there will be no feasibility to establish a control group. Therefore, the pre-/post-design is acceptable and compatible with the current practices of the program to gather data.
    1. Limitations of the Design
    Maturation is one of the limitations of the pre-/post-design since clients can improve over time without any treatment. Some individuals may naturally adapt to the stress, or they may have a shift in their life situation, which will aid in the alleviation of symptoms. This matters for anxiety outcomes since the therapy may not be the sole reason why it has improved. While the program is expected to contribute to the reduction of anxiety, natural recovery or external support systems might also contribute. This limitation does not prevent evaluation, but must be taken into consideration in the interpretation of results.
    1. Sampling Strategy
    The sample will consist of all clients admitted to the program between January and June 2025 who complete both an intake and discharge assessment. This design is considered most appropriate since it applies to actual participants who are receiving services, therefore avoiding sampling bias. It also ensures that the assessment reflects the normal clients in the program so that any conclusions drawn regarding effectiveness have meaning.
    **References**
    Fink, A. (2023). _Program evaluation: A primer for effectiveness, quality, and value_. Routledge.

  • [Solved] SOAP 2 WEND

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    PLEASE SEE AND READ CAREFULLY THE RUBRIC ATTACHED FOR THIS SOAP NOTE – TOPIC: POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS) -30 Y/O FEMALE PATIENT – EACH SECTION IN THE TEMPLATE MUST BE FILL IT PROPERLY WITH ADEQUATE INFORMATION AS THE RUBRIC REQUIRES PLEASE COMPLETE EACH SECTION – THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL BE G…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    PLEASE SEE AND READ CAREFULLY THE RUBRIC ATTACHED FOR THIS SOAP NOTE
    – TOPIC: POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)
    -30 Y/O FEMALE PATIENT
    – EACH SECTION IN THE TEMPLATE MUST BE FILL IT PROPERLY WITH ADEQUATE INFORMATION AS THE RUBRIC REQUIRES PLEASE COMPLETE EACH SECTION
    – THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL BE GRADED BASED ON THE RUBRIC ATTACHED. PLEASE READ RUBRIC
    – THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL BE SUBMITTED VIA TURNIN IN CHECKING PLAGIARISM OR AI TEXT ( CAN'T BE MORE THAN 10% PLAGIARISM OR AI TEXT)
    – AGAIN NOTE THE RUBRIC FOR COMPLETE EACH SECTION
    – APA FORMAT IS REQUIRED , AND CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR BECAUSE POINTS CAN BE DEDUCTED.
    – 3-4 SCHOLARLY REFERENCES WITHIN THE PAST 5 YEARS IN APA FORMAT,
    – REQUIRES IN-TEXT CITATIONS
    – DUE DATE NOVEMBER 14, 2025 NO LATER
    \
    SOAPNoteTemplate-1-1.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/soapnotetemplate-1-1-docx-10449855 "SOAPNoteTemplate-1-1.docx")
    \
    SOAPNoteRubric-1.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/soapnoterubric-1-pdf-10449857 "SOAPNoteRubric-1.pdf")

  • [Solved] english

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    Executive Solution Overview

    need help organizing ideas – ## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf – ## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx **## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf** Understanding a Writing Prompt Overview for Writing Prompts Before you can choose an effective topic or viewpoint, you need to know t…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    need help organizing ideas

    – ## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf

    – ## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx

    **## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf**

    Understanding a Writing Prompt
    Overview for Writing Prompts
    Before you can choose an effective topic or viewpoint, you need to know the purpose of the

    assignment and its requirements. Types of writing assignments can vary from department to

    department, class to class, instructor to instructor, and even assignment to assignment. So

    before you begin, you need to thoroughly understand the assignment.

    Choosing a Topic
    Sometimes an instructor will assign a topic or provide a list from which you can choose. If this

    happens, you can simply begin with the general topic and narrow it down to your specific

    viewpoint. Some instructors have very specific instructions, but others may give a general topic

    that you then need to consider a smaller element of that general topic. For instance, the topic of

    gender is too large of a discussion to write about in a five-page essay, so narrow it down to

    gender roles for men or gender expectations for women.

    If you must choose your own topic, like for a research paper, here is a list of possible methods

    for choosing a topic.

     Look over class notes or previous writings for interesting ideas.

     Focus on discussions, writings, or articles that you find interesting. You may also think

    about interesting news stories.

     Consider points or opinions when someone, including the instructor, may have indicated

    that not many people discuss or consider.

     Consider any personal experience that you may have to draw from.

     Consider how you might expand a previous writing assignment or explore a different

    point of view about that topic.

     Look through textbooks, journals, or other collection of articles for a topic that interests

    you.

     Ask your instructor for ideas.

     If you disagree with someone, even if that person is considered an expert, about a topic,

    you could mirror their argument but use your own opposing ideas.

    Once you have a topic, even if it is a general topic, consider some specific aspects of the

    assignment. Here are a few that you need to think about:

    1. The purpose and mode of writing

    2. The audience of the essay

    3. The amount of research necessary and what you already know about your topic before

    research

    4. Length requirements and other minimum requirements

    5. Possible approaches (logically, ethically, emotionally)

    6. How your writing will be graded

    a. Original thoughts

    b. Use of appropriate research or other evidence

    c. Use of correct writing strategies

    d. Style of writing, including use of grammar

    The Assignment Prompt
    If the assignment is written in an official prompt, you should read the document carefully. What

    specific words are used in the prompt? Those words will help you determine how you should

    approach this essay.

     Argue (agree/disagree)

     Criticize

     Define

     Describe

     Discuss

     Evaluate

     Explain

     Compare and contrast

     Reflect

     Summarize

    If there are topic-specific terms that appear in discussion and articles about your topic, you

    should familiarize yourself with them. Make sure you fully understand the term’s definition in

    relation to the topic, its context or history, and its correct usage in a sentence.

    If you have a prompt that includes suggestions for writing, consider how you could use those

    suggestions to structure your argument. This could also help with an outline.

    If the prompt specifies that you are to use a certain strategy for writing, make sure you

    understand that method of structuring an essay, including use of transitions.

    Have a working thesis idea, or central idea that you are building around in writing and research.

    This idea is not set in stone, so it may change or evolve over the course of your writing. You can

    edit this thesis idea into your actual thesis statement later in the writing process.

    Once you come up with your topic and your specific viewpoint, you can start the writing process.

    **## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx**

    ## ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:

    ## An Explanation and Requirements

    ## Introduction

    In preparation for your research essay (your next essay), you will complete your research and include the sources in an annotated bibliography. Your sources must consist of full-text peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles along with quotations you plan to use as support for your research essay, an argumentative essay.

    ## Explanation: What is an annotated bibliography?

    An annotated bibliography is an extended works cited page that includes below each source your annotation or information about the source and your assessment of the source. Generally, after writing the standard works cited source entry, the researcher (a student or academic) write an annotation which includes a summary of the article and a critical assessment. Research writers compose annotated bibliographies primarily during the research phase of their prewriting process so that they can refer to it during their writing process to help them remember key points of particular sources without having to reread the entire article to determine if they have what they need or if they need to locate new sources.

    ## Your Annotation Requirements

    For this class, your annotation should consist of
    **six-to-ten good sentences** (compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences and no more than one or two simple sentences).

    **_Those six-to-ten sentences should include the following:_**
    · A three-to-four sentence summary of the article, focusing on the main points of the article, revealing the research method the author or authors conducted to formulate their conclusion(s), and the research findings (or conclusions).

    · Your critical evaluation or assessment of the source, including how you can see it informing your own essay. (
    _Obviously, you should not include any sources that you do not consider relevant to your topic_.)

    _Your critical evaluation should include answers to the following questions_ (not in any particular order – just answer the questions):

    · Which side does each article support: your stance or your opposition’s?

    · How can you use this source within your essay?

    · Could you use it background information concerning common debates? (You may use no more than one source background information.)

    · Could you use it to develop your anticipation (your understanding of your opposition’s stance)?

    · Could you use it to develop your refutation (your argument to counter your opposition’s stance)?

    **_Determining Quality Quotations:_**
    Below each annotation, I want you to include source quotations that you could use to support your anticipation or refutation. If you have indicated within the annotation that the source will help you write your anticipation, then the quotations should provide details about the opposition’s stance. If you in have indicated within your annotation that the source will help you with your refutation, then the quotations should provide details about research that supports your stance.

    · As you read through your sources, highlight quotations that will help you as you write your own essay. Does the research support your stance or does it provide insight into the opposition’s stance?

    · Does the quotation mention the research results: the study and the conclusions derived from that study? Remember: someone’s opinion about something is not worthy of a quotation. You are looking for research-based conclusions that support your stance, especially if you are writing any type of an argument based on the sciences or social sciences: medical/pharmacology, psychology, sociology, et cetera. Please do not write even some researcher’s opinion unless his or her opinion is grounded in the results of scientific research.

    · You will need to number these quotations and place the quotations in quotation marks and provide an in-text citation at the end of each quotation
    **OUTSIDE** the closed quotation mark. A period should follow the closed parenthesis.
    _See the sample student annotated bibliography for correct formatting_.

    **NOTE:** You may use first-person pronouns when you are explaining how you can use the source. For example, “I can use this source to inform my annotation as it provides insight into my opposition’s stance.”

    **Additional Requirements:**
    · All sources must come from full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles that you can retrieve from Galileo.

    · Your annotated bibliography must include three sources that support your argument and two sources that support your opposition.

    · Note: You may not use dictionaries, encyclopedias, random websites (non-credible,), or any other source of which the credibility is questionable as research sources (e.g. Wikipedia, blogs, .com sites, etcetera).

    · You will, of course, use MLA formatting and compose your bibliography in Microsoft Word, so you will include the following:

    · Submit your annotated bibliography as a Word document! Any other format will receive the grade of 0.

    · One-inch margins all the way around

    · Times New Roman, 12-point font

    · True double spacing – remember to remove the space before and after paragraph

    · An inserted page number, including your last name and a space between your name and number

    · (Remember to change the font and the font size in the page number because they will revert to default (Calibri 11pt).)

    · An MLA heading – NOT a running header in the page number section—with your first and last names, my name, English 1101, the due date (The MLA heading is left-justified at the one-inch margin.)

    · A tentative title followed by the phrase ‘An Annotated Bibliography’ (Example: To Vote or Not to Vote- That is the Question: An Annotated Bibliography)

    · Each source formatted with a hanging indent.

    · Sources should appear in alphabetical order based on the author’s (or if you have more than one author, the first author’s) last name. If you have no author, use the first letter of the title to determine alphabetical order.)

    · The second line of the source should be indented ½ inch from the one-inch margin.

    · Press the ‘tab’ key two times before typing the annotation paragraph. All subsequent lines of the annotation paragraph will fall under the ½ indented second line of the hanging indent. See the example below on the next page.

    Xu, Jianhua, Qi Kang, Zhiqiang Song, and Christopher P Clarke. "Applications of Mobile Social Media: Wechat Among Academic Libraries in China."
    _Journal of Academic Librarianship_ 41.1 (2015): 21-30.
    _Academic Search Complete_. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

    You should start typing your brief summary of the source here after pressing the tab key twice. See the information above in
    [_Your Annotation Requirements_](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/english-20949577#_Your_Annotation_Requirements) to determine what information to include in your annotation. All other lines of your annotation and the numbered quotations should fall under the second line of the source entry as this line does.

    1. “Your first quotation will begin under the second line of your annotation” (page

    number).

    2. “You should include at least three quotations from each source” (page number).

    3.
    “Each quotation can be one – two sentences, but please do not include block quotations in your research essay” (page number).

    **## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx**

    ## ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:

    ## An Explanation and Requirements

    ## Introduction

    In preparation for your research essay (your next essay), you will complete your research and include the sources in an annotated bibliography. Your sources must consist of full-text peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles along with quotations you plan to use as support for your research essay, an argumentative essay.

    ## Explanation: What is an annotated bibliography?

    An annotated bibliography is an extended works cited page that includes below each source your annotation or information about the source and your assessment of the source. Generally, after writing the standard works cited source entry, the researcher (a student or academic) write an annotation which includes a summary of the article and a critical assessment. Research writers compose annotated bibliographies primarily during the research phase of their prewriting process so that they can refer to it during their writing process to help them remember key points of particular sources without having to reread the entire article to determine if they have what they need or if they need to locate new sources.

    ## Your Annotation Requirements

    For this class, your annotation should consist of
    **six-to-ten good sentences** (compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences and no more than one or two simple sentences).

    **_Those six-to-ten sentences should include the following:_**
    · A three-to-four sentence summary of the article, focusing on the main points of the article, revealing the research method the author or authors conducted to formulate their conclusion(s), and the research findings (or conclusions).

    · Your critical evaluation or assessment of the source, including how you can see it informing your own essay. (
    _Obviously, you should not include any sources that you do not consider relevant to your topic_.)

    _Your critical evaluation should include answers to the following questions_ (not in any particular order – just answer the questions):

    · Which side does each article support: your stance or your opposition’s?

    · How can you use this source within your essay?

    · Could you use it background information concerning common debates? (You may use no more than one source background information.)

    · Could you use it to develop your anticipation (your understanding of your opposition’s stance)?

    · Could you use it to develop your refutation (your argument to counter your opposition’s stance)?

    **_Determining Quality Quotations:_**
    Below each annotation, I want you to include source quotations that you could use to support your anticipation or refutation. If you have indicated within the annotation that the source will help you write your anticipation, then the quotations should provide details about the opposition’s stance. If you in have indicated within your annotation that the source will help you with your refutation, then the quotations should provide details about research that supports your stance.

    · As you read through your sources, highlight quotations that will help you as you write your own essay. Does the research support your stance or does it provide insight into the opposition’s stance?

    · Does the quotation mention the research results: the study and the conclusions derived from that study? Remember: someone’s opinion about something is not worthy of a quotation. You are looking for research-based conclusions that support your stance, especially if you are writing any type of an argument based on the sciences or social sciences: medical/pharmacology, psychology, sociology, et cetera. Please do not write even some researcher’s opinion unless his or her opinion is grounded in the results of scientific research.

    · You will need to number these quotations and place the quotations in quotation marks and provide an in-text citation at the end of each quotation
    **OUTSIDE** the closed quotation mark. A period should follow the closed parenthesis.
    _See the sample student annotated bibliography for correct formatting_.

    **NOTE:** You may use first-person pronouns when you are explaining how you can use the source. For example, “I can use this source to inform my annotation as it provides insight into my opposition’s stance.”

    **Additional Requirements:**
    · All sources must come from full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles that you can retrieve from Galileo.

    · Your annotated bibliography must include three sources that support your argument and two sources that support your opposition.

    · Note: You may not use dictionaries, encyclopedias, random websites (non-credible,), or any other source of which the credibility is questionable as research sources (e.g. Wikipedia, blogs, .com sites, etcetera).

    · You will, of course, use MLA formatting and compose your bibliography in Microsoft Word, so you will include the following:

    · Submit your annotated bibliography as a Word document! Any other format will receive the grade of 0.

    · One-inch margins all the way around

    · Times New Roman, 12-point font

    · True double spacing – remember to remove the space before and after paragraph

    · An inserted page number, including your last name and a space between your name and number

    · (Remember to change the font and the font size in the page number because they will revert to default (Calibri 11pt).)

    · An MLA heading – NOT a running header in the page number section—with your first and last names, my name, English 1101, the due date (The MLA heading is left-justified at the one-inch margin.)

    · A tentative title followed by the phrase ‘An Annotated Bibliography’ (Example: To Vote or Not to Vote- That is the Question: An Annotated Bibliography)

    · Each source formatted with a hanging indent.

    · Sources should appear in alphabetical order based on the author’s (or if you have more than one author, the first author’s) last name. If you have no author, use the first letter of the title to determine alphabetical order.)

    · The second line of the source should be indented ½ inch from the one-inch margin.

    · Press the ‘tab’ key two times before typing the annotation paragraph. All subsequent lines of the annotation paragraph will fall under the ½ indented second line of the hanging indent. See the example below on the next page.

    Xu, Jianhua, Qi Kang, Zhiqiang Song, and Christopher P Clarke. "Applications of Mobile Social Media: Wechat Among Academic Libraries in China."
    _Journal of Academic Librarianship_ 41.1 (2015): 21-30.
    _Academic Search Complete_. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

    You should start typing your brief summary of the source here after pressing the tab key twice. See the information above in
    [_Your Annotation Requirements_](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/english-20949577#_Your_Annotation_Requirements) to determine what information to include in your annotation. All other lines of your annotation and the numbered quotations should fall under the second line of the source entry as this line does.

    1. “Your first quotation will begin under the second line of your annotation” (page

    number).

    2. “You should include at least three quotations from each source” (page number).

    3.
    “Each quotation can be one – two sentences, but please do not include block quotations in your research essay” (page number).

    **## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf**

    Understanding a Writing Prompt
    Overview for Writing Prompts
    Before you can choose an effective topic or viewpoint, you need to know the purpose of the

    assignment and its requirements. Types of writing assignments can vary from department to

    department, class to class, instructor to instructor, and even assignment to assignment. So

    before you begin, you need to thoroughly understand the assignment.

    Choosing a Topic
    Sometimes an instructor will assign a topic or provide a list from which you can choose. If this

    happens, you can simply begin with the general topic and narrow it down to your specific

    viewpoint. Some instructors have very specific instructions, but others may give a general topic

    that you then need to consider a smaller element of that general topic. For instance, the topic of

    gender is too large of a discussion to write about in a five-page essay, so narrow it down to

    gender roles for men or gender expectations for women.

    If you must choose your own topic, like for a research paper, here is a list of possible methods

    for choosing a topic.

     Look over class notes or previous writings for interesting ideas.

     Focus on discussions, writings, or articles that you find interesting. You may also think

    about interesting news stories.

     Consider points or opinions when someone, including the instructor, may have indicated

    that not many people discuss or consider.

     Consider any personal experience that you may have to draw from.

     Consider how you might expand a previous writing assignment or explore a different

    point of view about that topic.

     Look through textbooks, journals, or other collection of articles for a topic that interests

    you.

     Ask your instructor for ideas.

     If you disagree with someone, even if that person is considered an expert, about a topic,

    you could mirror their argument but use your own opposing ideas.

    Once you have a topic, even if it is a general topic, consider some specific aspects of the

    assignment. Here are a few that you need to think about:

    1. The purpose and mode of writing

    2. The audience of the essay

    3. The amount of research necessary and what you already know about your topic before

    research

    4. Length requirements and other minimum requirements

    5. Possible approaches (logically, ethically, emotionally)

    6. How your writing will be graded

    a. Original thoughts

    b. Use of appropriate research or other evidence

    c. Use of correct writing strategies

    d. Style of writing, including use of grammar

    The Assignment Prompt
    If the assignment is written in an official prompt, you should read the document carefully. What

    specific words are used in the prompt? Those words will help you determine how you should

    approach this essay.

     Argue (agree/disagree)

     Criticize

     Define

     Describe

     Discuss

     Evaluate

     Explain

     Compare and contrast

     Reflect

     Summarize

    If there are topic-specific terms that appear in discussion and articles about your topic, you

    should familiarize yourself with them. Make sure you fully understand the term’s definition in

    relation to the topic, its context or history, and its correct usage in a sentence.

    If you have a prompt that includes suggestions for writing, consider how you could use those

    suggestions to structure your argument. This could also help with an outline.

    If the prompt specifies that you are to use a certain strategy for writing, make sure you

    understand that method of structuring an essay, including use of transitions.

    Have a working thesis idea, or central idea that you are building around in writing and research.

    This idea is not set in stone, so it may change or evolve over the course of your writing. You can

    edit this thesis idea into your actual thesis statement later in the writing process.

    Once you come up with your topic and your specific viewpoint, you can start the writing process.

    **## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx**

    ## ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:

    ## An Explanation and Requirements

    ## Introduction

    In preparation for your research essay (your next essay), you will complete your research and include the sources in an annotated bibliography. Your sources must consist of full-text peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles along with quotations you plan to use as support for your research essay, an argumentative essay.

    ## Explanation: What is an annotated bibliography?

    An annotated bibliography is an extended works cited page that includes below each source your annotation or information about the source and your assessment of the source. Generally, after writing the standard works cited source entry, the researcher (a student or academic) write an annotation which includes a summary of the article and a critical assessment. Research writers compose annotated bibliographies primarily during the research phase of their prewriting process so that they can refer to it during their writing process to help them remember key points of particular sources without having to reread the entire article to determine if they have what they need or if they need to locate new sources.

    ## Your Annotation Requirements

    For this class, your annotation should consist of
    **six-to-ten good sentences** (compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences and no more than one or two simple sentences).

    **_Those six-to-ten sentences should include the following:_**
    · A three-to-four sentence summary of the article, focusing on the main points of the article, revealing the research method the author or authors conducted to formulate their conclusion(s), and the research findings (or conclusions).

    · Your critical evaluation or assessment of the source, including how you can see it informing your own essay. (
    _Obviously, you should not include any sources that you do not consider relevant to your topic_.)

    _Your critical evaluation should include answers to the following questions_ (not in any particular order – just answer the questions):

    · Which side does each article support: your stance or your opposition’s?

    · How can you use this source within your essay?

    · Could you use it background information concerning common debates? (You may use no more than one source background information.)

    · Could you use it to develop your anticipation (your understanding of your opposition’s stance)?

    · Could you use it to develop your refutation (your argument to counter your opposition’s stance)?

    **_Determining Quality Quotations:_**
    Below each annotation, I want you to include source quotations that you could use to support your anticipation or refutation. If you have indicated within the annotation that the source will help you write your anticipation, then the quotations should provide details about the opposition’s stance. If you in have indicated within your annotation that the source will help you with your refutation, then the quotations should provide details about research that supports your stance.

    · As you read through your sources, highlight quotations that will help you as you write your own essay. Does the research support your stance or does it provide insight into the opposition’s stance?

    · Does the quotation mention the research results: the study and the conclusions derived from that study? Remember: someone’s opinion about something is not worthy of a quotation. You are looking for research-based conclusions that support your stance, especially if you are writing any type of an argument based on the sciences or social sciences: medical/pharmacology, psychology, sociology, et cetera. Please do not write even some researcher’s opinion unless his or her opinion is grounded in the results of scientific research.

    · You will need to number these quotations and place the quotations in quotation marks and provide an in-text citation at the end of each quotation
    **OUTSIDE** the closed quotation mark. A period should follow the closed parenthesis.
    _See the sample student annotated bibliography for correct formatting_.

    **NOTE:** You may use first-person pronouns when you are explaining how you can use the source. For example, “I can use this source to inform my annotation as it provides insight into my opposition’s stance.”

    **Additional Requirements:**
    · All sources must come from full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles that you can retrieve from Galileo.

    · Your annotated bibliography must include three sources that support your argument and two sources that support your opposition.

    · Note: You may not use dictionaries, encyclopedias, random websites (non-credible,), or any other source of which the credibility is questionable as research sources (e.g. Wikipedia, blogs, .com sites, etcetera).

    · You will, of course, use MLA formatting and compose your bibliography in Microsoft Word, so you will include the following:

    · Submit your annotated bibliography as a Word document! Any other format will receive the grade of 0.

    · One-inch margins all the way around

    · Times New Roman, 12-point font

    · True double spacing – remember to remove the space before and after paragraph

    · An inserted page number, including your last name and a space between your name and number

    · (Remember to change the font and the font size in the page number because they will revert to default (Calibri 11pt).)

    · An MLA heading – NOT a running header in the page number section—with your first and last names, my name, English 1101, the due date (The MLA heading is left-justified at the one-inch margin.)

    · A tentative title followed by the phrase ‘An Annotated Bibliography’ (Example: To Vote or Not to Vote- That is the Question: An Annotated Bibliography)

    · Each source formatted with a hanging indent.

    · Sources should appear in alphabetical order based on the author’s (or if you have more than one author, the first author’s) last name. If you have no author, use the first letter of the title to determine alphabetical order.)

    · The second line of the source should be indented ½ inch from the one-inch margin.

    · Press the ‘tab’ key two times before typing the annotation paragraph. All subsequent lines of the annotation paragraph will fall under the ½ indented second line of the hanging indent. See the example below on the next page.

    Xu, Jianhua, Qi Kang, Zhiqiang Song, and Christopher P Clarke. "Applications of Mobile Social Media: Wechat Among Academic Libraries in China."
    _Journal of Academic Librarianship_ 41.1 (2015): 21-30.
    _Academic Search Complete_. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

    You should start typing your brief summary of the source here after pressing the tab key twice. See the information above in
    [_Your Annotation Requirements_](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/english-20949577#_Your_Annotation_Requirements) to determine what information to include in your annotation. All other lines of your annotation and the numbered quotations should fall under the second line of the source entry as this line does.

    1. “Your first quotation will begin under the second line of your annotation” (page

    number).

    2. “You should include at least three quotations from each source” (page number).

    3.
    “Each quotation can be one – two sentences, but please do not include block quotations in your research essay” (page number).

    **## UnderstandingaWritingPrompt211.pdf**

    Understanding a Writing Prompt
    Overview for Writing Prompts
    Before you can choose an effective topic or viewpoint, you need to know the purpose of the

    assignment and its requirements. Types of writing assignments can vary from department to

    department, class to class, instructor to instructor, and even assignment to assignment. So

    before you begin, you need to thoroughly understand the assignment.

    Choosing a Topic
    Sometimes an instructor will assign a topic or provide a list from which you can choose. If this

    happens, you can simply begin with the general topic and narrow it down to your specific

    viewpoint. Some instructors have very specific instructions, but others may give a general topic

    that you then need to consider a smaller element of that general topic. For instance, the topic of

    gender is too large of a discussion to write about in a five-page essay, so narrow it down to

    gender roles for men or gender expectations for women.

    If you must choose your own topic, like for a research paper, here is a list of possible methods

    for choosing a topic.

     Look over class notes or previous writings for interesting ideas.

     Focus on discussions, writings, or articles that you find interesting. You may also think

    about interesting news stories.

     Consider points or opinions when someone, including the instructor, may have indicated

    that not many people discuss or consider.

     Consider any personal experience that you may have to draw from.

     Consider how you might expand a previous writing assignment or explore a different

    point of view about that topic.

     Look through textbooks, journals, or other collection of articles for a topic that interests

    you.

     Ask your instructor for ideas.

     If you disagree with someone, even if that person is considered an expert, about a topic,

    you could mirror their argument but use your own opposing ideas.

    Once you have a topic, even if it is a general topic, consider some specific aspects of the

    assignment. Here are a few that you need to think about:

    1. The purpose and mode of writing

    2. The audience of the essay

    3. The amount of research necessary and what you already know about your topic before

    research

    4. Length requirements and other minimum requirements

    5. Possible approaches (logically, ethically, emotionally)

    6. How your writing will be graded

    a. Original thoughts

    b. Use of appropriate research or other evidence

    c. Use of correct writing strategies

    d. Style of writing, including use of grammar

    The Assignment Prompt
    If the assignment is written in an official prompt, you should read the document carefully. What

    specific words are used in the prompt? Those words will help you determine how you should

    approach this essay.

     Argue (agree/disagree)

     Criticize

     Define

     Describe

     Discuss

     Evaluate

     Explain

     Compare and contrast

     Reflect

     Summarize

    If there are topic-specific terms that appear in discussion and articles about your topic, you

    should familiarize yourself with them. Make sure you fully understand the term’s definition in

    relation to the topic, its context or history, and its correct usage in a sentence.

    If you have a prompt that includes suggestions for writing, consider how you could use those

    suggestions to structure your argument. This could also help with an outline.

    If the prompt specifies that you are to use a certain strategy for writing, make sure you

    understand that method of structuring an essay, including use of transitions.

    Have a working thesis idea, or central idea that you are building around in writing and research.

    This idea is not set in stone, so it may change or evolve over the course of your writing. You can

    edit this thesis idea into your actual thesis statement later in the writing process.

    Once you come up with your topic and your specific viewpoint, you can start the writing process.

    **## ENGL1101_AnnotatedBibliographyAssignmentSheet2.docx**

    ## ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY:

    ## An Explanation and Requirements

    ## Introduction

    In preparation for your research essay (your next essay), you will complete your research and include the sources in an annotated bibliography. Your sources must consist of full-text peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles along with quotations you plan to use as support for your research essay, an argumentative essay.

    ## Explanation: What is an annotated bibliography?

    An annotated bibliography is an extended works cited page that includes below each source your annotation or information about the source and your assessment of the source. Generally, after writing the standard works cited source entry, the researcher (a student or academic) write an annotation which includes a summary of the article and a critical assessment. Research writers compose annotated bibliographies primarily during the research phase of their prewriting process so that they can refer to it during their writing process to help them remember key points of particular sources without having to reread the entire article to determine if they have what they need or if they need to locate new sources.

    ## Your Annotation Requirements

    For this class, your annotation should consist of
    **six-to-ten good sentences** (compound sentences, complex sentences, compound-complex sentences and no more than one or two simple sentences).

    **_Those six-to-ten sentences should include the following:_**
    · A three-to-four sentence summary of the article, focusing on the main points of the article, revealing the research method the author or authors conducted to formulate their conclusion(s), and the research findings (or conclusions).

    · Your critical evaluation or assessment of the source, including how you can see it informing your own essay. (
    _Obviously, you should not include any sources that you do not consider relevant to your topic_.)

    _Your critical evaluation should include answers to the following questions_ (not in any particular order – just answer the questions):

    · Which side does each article support: your stance or your opposition’s?

    · How can you use this source within your essay?

    · Could you use it background information concerning common debates? (You may use no more than one source background information.)

    · Could you use it to develop your anticipation (your understanding of your opposition’s stance)?

    · Could you use it to develop your refutation (your argument to counter your opposition’s stance)?

    **_Determining Quality Quotations:_**
    Below each annotation, I want you to include source quotations that you could use to support your anticipation or refutation. If you have indicated within the annotation that the source will help you write your anticipation, then the quotations should provide details about the opposition’s stance. If you in have indicated within your annotation that the source will help you with your refutation, then the quotations should provide details about research that supports your stance.

    · As you read through your sources, highlight quotations that will help you as you write your own essay. Does the research support your stance or does it provide insight into the opposition’s stance?

    · Does the quotation mention the research results: the study and the conclusions derived from that study? Remember: someone’s opinion about something is not worthy of a quotation. You are looking for research-based conclusions that support your stance, especially if you are writing any type of an argument based on the sciences or social sciences: medical/pharmacology, psychology, sociology, et cetera. Please do not write even some researcher’s opinion unless his or her opinion is grounded in the results of scientific research.

    · You will need to number these quotations and place the quotations in quotation marks and provide an in-text citation at the end of each quotation
    **OUTSIDE** the closed quotation mark. A period should follow the closed parenthesis.
    _See the sample student annotated bibliography for correct formatting_.

    **NOTE:** You may use first-person pronouns when you are explaining how you can use the source. For example, “I can use this source to inform my annotation as it provides insight into my opposition’s stance.”

    **Additional Requirements:**
    · All sources must come from full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles that you can retrieve from Galileo.

    · Your annotated bibliography must include three sources that support your argument and two sources that support your opposition.

    · Note: You may not use dictionaries, encyclopedias, random websites (non-credible,), or any other source of which the credibility is questionable as research sources (e.g. Wikipedia, blogs, .com sites, etcetera).

    · You will, of course, use MLA formatting and compose your bibliography in Microsoft Word, so you will include the following:

    · Submit your annotated bibliography as a Word document! Any other format will receive the grade of 0.

    · One-inch margins all the way around

    · Times New Roman, 12-point font

    · True double spacing – remember to remove the space before and after paragraph

    · An inserted page number, including your last name and a space between your name and number

    · (Remember to change the font and the font size in the page number because they will revert to default (Calibri 11pt).)

    · An MLA heading – NOT a running header in the page number section—with your first and last names, my name, English 1101, the due date (The MLA heading is left-justified at the one-inch margin.)

    · A tentative title followed by the phrase ‘An Annotated Bibliography’ (Example: To Vote or Not to Vote- That is the Question: An Annotated Bibliography)

    · Each source formatted with a hanging indent.

    · Sources should appear in alphabetical order based on the author’s (or if you have more than one author, the first author’s) last name. If you have no author, use the first letter of the title to determine alphabetical order.)

    · The second line of the source should be indented ½ inch from the one-inch margin.

    · Press the ‘tab’ key two times before typing the annotation paragraph. All subsequent lines of the annotation paragraph will fall under the ½ indented second line of the hanging indent. See the example below on the next page.

    Xu, Jianhua, Qi Kang, Zhiqiang Song, and Christopher P Clarke. "Applications of Mobile Social Media: Wechat Among Academic Libraries in China."
    _Journal of Academic Librarianship_ 41.1 (2015): 21-30.
    _Academic Search Complete_. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

    You should start typing your brief summary of the source here after pressing the tab key twice. See the information above in
    [_Your Annotation Requirements_](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/english-20949577#_Your_Annotation_Requirements) to determine what information to include in your annotation. All other lines of your annotation and the numbered quotations should fall under the second line of the source entry as this line does.

    1. “Your first quotation will begin under the second line of your annotation” (page

    number).

    2. “You should include at least three quotations from each source” (page number).

    3.
    “Each quotation can be one – two sentences, but please do not include block quotations in your research essay” (page number).

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Education Major Assignment 2: Jump Start Kit (Portfolio Assignment)

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    Design environmentally sustainable activities. The candidates will design a Jump start kit that includes a set of at least 10 developmentally appropriate children’s books that address local, global, international, and intercultural problems. Students should develop activities or book extensions towa…

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    Design environmentally sustainable activities. The candidates will design a Jump start kit that includes a set of at least 10 developmentally appropriate children’s books that address local, global, international, and intercultural problems. Students should develop activities or book extensions towards finding solutions to global, international and intercultural problems.
    1.   Provide a rationale for the selected topic in connection with current local and/or global issues.
    2.   Select 10-15 children’s books around any attractive global learning topic for young children that will allow them to understand local and/or global problem (pollution, global warming, conflict resolution, poverty, technology and so forth). Bring them for your presentation.
    3.   Include books with different genre and multicultural and international literature
    4.   Take a close look at the developmental milestones of children from birth to grade 3 and explain why each of the books that you selected is age appropriate. Justify how your book selection supports children’s language, intellectual, personality, social-moral, aesthetic and creative development. Use course readings to sustain your claim for each book. Some help in judging books can be found in reviews of new books that appear in journals such as The Horn Book, The Journal of Children’s Literature, The Reading Teacher or in any of the websites listed in this document.
    5.   Book extensions (from one or different books, **not from** **every book**)
    – Select a book to design an activity that addresses an international, global, or intercultural issue and its solution
    – Design a felt board story for one of the books in your collection.
    – Design puppets for a story.
    – Choose a story and audiotape a story with music and sound effects.
    – Design a book extension that helps children identify Plot and sequence of events
    *This assignment is different from the book file, it requires more connections with course readings regarding children’s development and they should focus on global learning topics.
    For the presentation bring all book extensions equipment and have your powerpoint ready.
    Submit:
    In one PDF file submit:
    – Book description for each book describing how it promotes language, cognitive, personality, social-moral, aesthetic and creative development in young children (what applies).
    – Include a picture of the book cover and book reference.
    – Goal and description of activities or book extensions towards finding solutions to global, international and intercultural problems
    – Justification for selecting the books
    – Why each book is age-appropriate (refer to child development characteristics)
    – Pictures of your felt board story, puppets, and book extensions and a script of the story.
    – Design an interactive electronic book (using powerpoint, I-Movie or Windows Movie Maker uploaded to youtube)
    *Please review the corresponding rubric for this assignment [here.](https://fiu.instructure.com/courses/237907/files/38764369/preview "jump start kit")

  • [Solved] 400 word discussion Culturally Competent Career Development

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    DUE 11/14 6 PM EST 400 WORDS NOT INCLUDING TITLE ARE MIN 2 SCHOLARLY REFERNCES AND CITATION AND 1 BIBLICAL PRINCIPLE APA

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    DUE 11/14   6 PM EST
    400 WORDS NOT INCLUDING TITLE ARE MIN 2 SCHOLARLY REFERNCES AND CITATION AND 1 BIBLICAL PRINCIPLE  APA

  • [Solved] Social help

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  • [Solved] Poetry

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    HOW TO DETERMINE IF A SOURCE IS SCHOLARLY

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    HOW TO DETERMINE IF A SOURCE IS SCHOLARLY

  • [Solved] Taking Care of American Indian and Alaskan Natives

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    Discuss the following: – According to American Indian and Alaskan Native beliefs, what are the causes of illness? – Describe some plants and herbs that are used for healing. – Describe what medicine men are and their approach to healing. **Submission Instructions:** – post should be at least 500 wor…

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    Discuss the following:
    – According to American Indian and Alaskan Native beliefs, what are the causes of illness?
    – Describe some plants and herbs that are used for healing.
    – Describe what medicine men are and their approach to healing.
    **Submission Instructions:**
    – post should be at least 500 words, formatted, and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
    – Place through turnitin.com with less than 20% AI detected

  • [Solved] DB 2

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    See Attached – ## DiscussionBoard2.docx – ## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf **## DiscussionBoard2.docx** Discussion Board 2 • Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length. • Your initial post should include at least one APA-formatted scholarly, professional, or textbook reference with accompanying…

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    See Attached

    – ## DiscussionBoard2.docx

    – ## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf

    **## DiscussionBoard2.docx**

    Discussion Board 2

    • Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length.

    • Your initial post should include at least one APA-formatted scholarly, professional, or textbook reference with accompanying in-text citation to support any paraphrased, summarized, or quoted material.

    There has been much legal activity regarding web postings and social media sites like Twitter. Celebrities, elected officials, and many others have taken a stand to complain about being bullied and mocked on social media. These lawsuits are alleging slander and libel against people who posted comments that targeted individuals and businesses. Discuss whether you think these lawsuits have merit and why. Do you think there should be business accountability measures or consequences associated with the things you might say and do on the internet if you use a business network or are on company time? Explain your rationale.

    Reply 1
    **Michael Ward**

    Top of Form

    Social media is a platform that allows people to express their thoughts and opinions, which is often seen as a positive. Unfortunately, that freedom can harm businesses when people make false claims or say harmful things. A great example is the public argument between rappers Drake and Kendrick Lamar in 2024. Their online post and lyrics went viral, and they accused one another of serious things. These online statements and song lyrics can lead to legal action for reputational damage and defamation.

    The introduction of new information technology has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues that must be addressed at the individual, social, and political levels. (Laudon & Laudon, 2021). I believe the legal actions that could be pursued have some merit. It is important to have freedom of speech, but if a post or song lyrics cause real harm, the person who said those things should be responsible. Additionally, companies and organizations should ensure their employees act professionally online. In the Navy, we conduct social media training annually. We usually have the right to say what we want as long as we are not in uniform, because what we say can reflect on the reputation of the United States military.

    Ethical use of social media or technology is not just about following the law, but it is also about showing respect for others. Before we post anything, we have a responsibility to reflect on how what we say could impact someone's life, career, or business. Social media is beyond helpful, but it can be abused if people are held responsible for what they say online.

    Our posts can reach more people than we think. We live in a society that relies heavily on technology, and taking the extra time to think about what we post can build trust between individuals and companies.

    Reference: Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2021).
    _Management information systems: Managing the digital firm_ (17th ed.). Pearson Education.

    Reply 2 Jennie Lawhun

    Good morning,

    The rise of social media has significantly changed how defamation—both slander and libel—is understood and addressed in today’s society. Platforms such as Twitter (now X), Facebook, and Instagram allow users to instantly share opinions, news, and commentary with wide audiences. However, this accessibility also increases the risk of false or harmful statements spreading rapidly, sometimes causing serious damage to reputations and livelihoods. Courts continue to grapple with balancing the right to free speech against the need to protect individuals and organizations from defamatory or reckless statements. While expressions of opinion and satire are generally protected under the First Amendment, deliberately false claims that harm someone’s reputation can result in legal consequences (U.S. Courts, n.d.).

    Businesses are also increasingly affected by online behavior. When employees use social media during work hours or through company accounts, their actions can reflect directly on the organization’s image and credibility. Many companies have recognized this risk and implemented detailed social media policies outlining acceptable conduct, confidentiality rules, and consequences for violations. Such policies are not meant to limit personal expression but to ensure that online interactions remain professional and aligned with the organization’s values. Inappropriate or harmful posts can lead to disciplinary action, as they can expose the company to legal or reputational risks.

    Ultimately, the internet functions as a highly visible public space, and actions taken there often have lasting real-world effects. Responsible digital communication requires awareness of legal boundaries, respect for others, and an understanding that online accountability mirrors real-world standards. As technology continues to evolve, promoting ethical behavior and thoughtful communication on social media will remain essential for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole.

    Reference: U.S. Courts. (n.d.). Defamation. Retrieved from https://www.uscourts. Bottom of Form

    **## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Explain how information technology systems influence organizational strategies.
    3.1 Explain an organization’s ability to use information technology to achieve strategic goals.

    4. Evaluate the prevailing ethical issues of information systems.

    4.1 Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

    Chapter 4: Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    Unit Lesson

    Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization

    For most of us, it is not that difficult to understand certain information technology (IT) concepts. Most of us
    use our hardware and equipment fairly well. We know how to download apps on our smartphones. We know
    about the systems and applications that we use at work. We may not know all of the details or inner workings
    of what information flows where, but we have a good idea of how things work. If we were clueless, we would
    not be of much value to our organizations, would we?

    Organizations and Strategy

    Let’s take this to a more abstract level. How would you answer this question: How is IT used toward the
    success of your organization? You might rattle off some reasons relating to the availability of the Internet,
    which allows e-mails to flow so that there is connectivity between customers and service representatives. You
    might say that your organization has several servers and databases that house data and a security team with
    security tools that ensure the safety of the data. You might mention that all the applications allow you to
    service your customers in faster, more efficient ways. If you are a little more tech savvy at your organization,
    you might even bring up more advanced topics or newer innovations, such as the ones listed below.

    • e-commerce
    • supply chain management systems (SCM)
    • customer relation management systems (CRM)
    • SharePoint
    • cloud collaboration
    • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
    • Systems, Applications, and Products (SAP)
    • big data
    • data mining
    • expert systems

    Are the items described here IT tools? Yes, they are used to help make everyone’s lives and jobs easier,
    faster, more efficient, and more effective, but let’s ask the question again: How is IT used toward the success
    of your organization?

    UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
    Organizations, Strategy, Ethics, and
    Social Issues in Information Systems

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Organizations must deal with a lot of information about every aspect of the business—from customers to
    vendors, employees, invoices, payments, inventory, and services. Our information systems make it possible
    to organize this information and keep up with it all. Business processes deal with the work that is performed in
    our organizations so that we can produce something of value. The performance of our business depends on
    how well our business processes work. Our business processes can add extreme value to our organization
    because they can be a competitive strength. They can also drag our value down if they are not working well
    for the organization. Thus, IT can work in many ways to improve our business processes by introducing
    better, faster, and more efficient methods of performing tasks in our business processes.

    Imagine how much time and money is saved if a thousand invoices are e-mailed to customers rather than
    being mailed via the postal mail. How much time does it take a person to stuff and stamp 1,000 envelopes?

    Now, if you look at how technology supports not only business processes but also management groups and
    functional groups, you can start to see that they link together in a way that serves to improve organizational
    performance.

    Value in improved performance. Organizations search every day for ways to improve their performance,
    production output, and transaction processing. In recent years, technology has advanced to the point that it
    supports enterprise-level systems, applications, networks, collaboration, and so on. There are even enterprise
    social networking tools now.

    Influence of IT on business-level strategy. Basically, a strategy addresses what needs to be accomplished.
    With any organization, the strategic objectives will be similar. The organizational leaders will want to be
    number one in their market, increase sales revenue, decrease costs, or strengthen their customer base. It is
    certainly not a stretch to understand that a business wants to be the best, the fastest, the most profitable, the
    most efficient, the most customer-friendly, and so on.

    You must also have a good understanding of what influences organizations. Organizations have a culture.
    They have politics, social structure, rules, values, norms, and people. The reality is that technology affects all
    aspects of organizations. For example, information systems can have a huge economic impact on an
    organization. IT is very costly, but the benefits can influence big increases in revenue or substantial
    decreases in costs.

    IT can have cultural and social impacts on organizations as well. A large technology implementation can
    mean a change in the mindset for many employees who are resistant to change. Imagine that you know
    technology implementation will increase the efficiency of operations by 50%, but this may also mean that
    fewer employees will be needed. Imagine that you are one of the employees whose job is at risk due to a new
    automation. This realization may cause a lot of doubt, uncertainty, and anxiety for employees. All of these
    factors play an important part in understanding the role that IT plays in organizations. For IT to be beneficial
    and for organizations to be successful, organizations have to have clear strategies. Organizations have to
    take full advantage of any competitive advantages and understand models such as Porter’s competitive
    forces model. Once organizational leaders understand where the business needs to be, they can set clear,
    actionable steps to get there. Those steps will involve technology because organizations need to have IT
    resources and IT capabilities. It will also involve an organization’s ability to utilize its IT resources and create
    value in conjunction with its other assets and resources.

    Finally, it is important to note that organizations have to be able to align their technologies with their business
    strategies and goals. It does the organization no good to have a well-defined strategy if it does not have the IT
    resources and capabilities to meet its goals. On the other hand, if the organization does not have a well-
    defined strategy that is appropriate for the business, IT tools will be of little help to reach meaningless goals.

    Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    As Laudon and Laudon (2022) note, “ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting
    as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior” (p. 122). The fact is that information
    systems open the door for many opportunities to make ethical choices—probably as many, if not more, than
    any other area in business.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Why is this statement true? Think about it. IT professionals will likely have access to information more than
    anyone else in the organization. Information such as employee information, customer information, and sales
    transactions are stored in database tables. A human resources (HR) representative will have access to
    employee information. A salesperson or customer service representative will have access to sales information
    or basic customer information. An accounts receivable person will have access to customers’ financial
    information.

    Some IT professionals will have access to all information. Additionally, many organizations have personal
    usage rules regarding the personal use of company website, Internet, and e-mail assets. This usually means
    that organizations will have applications that log usage into databases. Most of the time, employees’ actual e-
    mail text is stored as well. Managers can request reports if they feel an employee is abusing the usage rules,
    but who has access to the data at any given time? Some IT professionals will.

    Who should have access to this information? Can you imagine what would happen if anyone could access all
    of this information? Imagine the unethical, disgruntled employee who was passed over for a promotion
    accessing the web logs and seeing that the newly promoted coworker who is married has been researching
    dating websites.

    There is a lot of trust placed in IT professionals to house and manage all kinds of sensitive information and
    not abuse it themselves. This is where the basics of ethics for IT professionals starts. Even within IT, there
    are access controls that limit what can be done to the data. In other words, most IT professionals could not
    delete their web logs. This is all a part of having good security policies, which we will discuss later.

    Even if you, as an IT professional, accidentally view confidential or sensitive information, you have to know
    what your ethical responsibility is with regard to that information. Should you inform management that you
    saw that information? Another example might be knowing the company’s financial information. It is unethical
    and potentially illegal to use that information for your own financial gain.

    Ethical Challenges

    Let’s examine how technology has advantages and disadvantages by examining the table below from
    Chapter 4 in your eTextbook. Technology can create new opportunities to enhance people’s lives, but it can
    also be a detriment to improving lives. Technology, such as the Internet, has challenged our understanding of
    ethical and privacy issues. Improvements in communications technology, such as high-speed broadband and
    globalization, have brought the topic of ethics and privacy to the forefront.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    (Laudon & Laudon, 2022)

    Data collected by smart cars and smart device tracking features can be used by auto insurance companies to
    monitor the insured’s driving habits and use the data to justify increasing insurance rates. This software can
    monitor driver activities such as texting while driving, traveling speeds, alertness, and other driving patterns.
    This information can then be used by law enforcement against offenders to support traffic violation charges,
    especially if the driver was involved in an accident.

    Your individual shopping profile on your favorite online shopping website can be analyzed using advanced
    data analytics to reveal your shopping habits and associations that are valuable to corporations, government
    agencies, or other entities that use the data to advertise. Frequent visits to a movie theater could reveal
    information about your entertainment habits. However, frequent visits to a hospital or care facility would also
    reveal far more sensitive information about private medical data that you would not want to share with the rest
    of the world.

    Summary

    This unit covered many of the ethical considerations that you may face at home and in the workplace. In the
    workplace, there is always more to consider, so most organizations have ethics training for this purpose. At
    home, individuals will need to be knowledgeable about how information is gathered and to whom that
    information is given.

    Reference

    Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).

    Pearson.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 5

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:

    • Chapter 3 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 3 PowerPoint presentation)

    • Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 4 PowerPoint presentation)

    The following article discusses ethical issues in information systems.

    Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5–12.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following article examines how organizational value is created through IT governance mechanisms.

    Wu, S. P.-J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T.-P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and

    strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
    and IT managers. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 497–519.
    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
    chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 3 and 4 video cases linked below.

    A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
    video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
    video.

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, October 1). Customer story: Riot games [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, July 2). Customer story: Roblox [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo

    CNET. (2015, February 25). CNET News – What the FCC net neutrality rules will mean for Internet users

    [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU

    Vox. (2015, February 26). The FCC’s new net neutrality rules, explained in 172 seconds [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw

    Consumer Reports. (2013, June 6). Setting Facebook privacy controls [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko

    Wall Street Journal. (2012, January 25). Google, privacy and what it means for you [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM

    Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
    them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.

    Review the following case study, GE Becomes a Digital Firm: The Emerging Industrial Internet, which
    discusses the difficulties faced by large, capital-intensive firms in traditional industries becoming digital firms.
    There is a link within the case study to an accompanying video. (A transcript can be accessed for the video

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1)

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 6

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-captioning
    can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.)

    After watching the video and reviewing the case study, answer the video case questions at the end.

    – Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
    – Required Unit Resources
    – Unit Lesson

    – Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization
    – Organizations and Strategy
    – Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems
    – Ethical Challenges
    – Summary
    – Reference

    – Suggested Unit Resources
    – Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    **## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Explain how information technology systems influence organizational strategies.
    3.1 Explain an organization’s ability to use information technology to achieve strategic goals.

    4. Evaluate the prevailing ethical issues of information systems.

    4.1 Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

    Chapter 4: Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    Unit Lesson

    Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization

    For most of us, it is not that difficult to understand certain information technology (IT) concepts. Most of us
    use our hardware and equipment fairly well. We know how to download apps on our smartphones. We know
    about the systems and applications that we use at work. We may not know all of the details or inner workings
    of what information flows where, but we have a good idea of how things work. If we were clueless, we would
    not be of much value to our organizations, would we?

    Organizations and Strategy

    Let’s take this to a more abstract level. How would you answer this question: How is IT used toward the
    success of your organization? You might rattle off some reasons relating to the availability of the Internet,
    which allows e-mails to flow so that there is connectivity between customers and service representatives. You
    might say that your organization has several servers and databases that house data and a security team with
    security tools that ensure the safety of the data. You might mention that all the applications allow you to
    service your customers in faster, more efficient ways. If you are a little more tech savvy at your organization,
    you might even bring up more advanced topics or newer innovations, such as the ones listed below.

    • e-commerce
    • supply chain management systems (SCM)
    • customer relation management systems (CRM)
    • SharePoint
    • cloud collaboration
    • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
    • Systems, Applications, and Products (SAP)
    • big data
    • data mining
    • expert systems

    Are the items described here IT tools? Yes, they are used to help make everyone’s lives and jobs easier,
    faster, more efficient, and more effective, but let’s ask the question again: How is IT used toward the success
    of your organization?

    UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
    Organizations, Strategy, Ethics, and
    Social Issues in Information Systems

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Organizations must deal with a lot of information about every aspect of the business—from customers to
    vendors, employees, invoices, payments, inventory, and services. Our information systems make it possible
    to organize this information and keep up with it all. Business processes deal with the work that is performed in
    our organizations so that we can produce something of value. The performance of our business depends on
    how well our business processes work. Our business processes can add extreme value to our organization
    because they can be a competitive strength. They can also drag our value down if they are not working well
    for the organization. Thus, IT can work in many ways to improve our business processes by introducing
    better, faster, and more efficient methods of performing tasks in our business processes.

    Imagine how much time and money is saved if a thousand invoices are e-mailed to customers rather than
    being mailed via the postal mail. How much time does it take a person to stuff and stamp 1,000 envelopes?

    Now, if you look at how technology supports not only business processes but also management groups and
    functional groups, you can start to see that they link together in a way that serves to improve organizational
    performance.

    Value in improved performance. Organizations search every day for ways to improve their performance,
    production output, and transaction processing. In recent years, technology has advanced to the point that it
    supports enterprise-level systems, applications, networks, collaboration, and so on. There are even enterprise
    social networking tools now.

    Influence of IT on business-level strategy. Basically, a strategy addresses what needs to be accomplished.
    With any organization, the strategic objectives will be similar. The organizational leaders will want to be
    number one in their market, increase sales revenue, decrease costs, or strengthen their customer base. It is
    certainly not a stretch to understand that a business wants to be the best, the fastest, the most profitable, the
    most efficient, the most customer-friendly, and so on.

    You must also have a good understanding of what influences organizations. Organizations have a culture.
    They have politics, social structure, rules, values, norms, and people. The reality is that technology affects all
    aspects of organizations. For example, information systems can have a huge economic impact on an
    organization. IT is very costly, but the benefits can influence big increases in revenue or substantial
    decreases in costs.

    IT can have cultural and social impacts on organizations as well. A large technology implementation can
    mean a change in the mindset for many employees who are resistant to change. Imagine that you know
    technology implementation will increase the efficiency of operations by 50%, but this may also mean that
    fewer employees will be needed. Imagine that you are one of the employees whose job is at risk due to a new
    automation. This realization may cause a lot of doubt, uncertainty, and anxiety for employees. All of these
    factors play an important part in understanding the role that IT plays in organizations. For IT to be beneficial
    and for organizations to be successful, organizations have to have clear strategies. Organizations have to
    take full advantage of any competitive advantages and understand models such as Porter’s competitive
    forces model. Once organizational leaders understand where the business needs to be, they can set clear,
    actionable steps to get there. Those steps will involve technology because organizations need to have IT
    resources and IT capabilities. It will also involve an organization’s ability to utilize its IT resources and create
    value in conjunction with its other assets and resources.

    Finally, it is important to note that organizations have to be able to align their technologies with their business
    strategies and goals. It does the organization no good to have a well-defined strategy if it does not have the IT
    resources and capabilities to meet its goals. On the other hand, if the organization does not have a well-
    defined strategy that is appropriate for the business, IT tools will be of little help to reach meaningless goals.

    Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    As Laudon and Laudon (2022) note, “ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting
    as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior” (p. 122). The fact is that information
    systems open the door for many opportunities to make ethical choices—probably as many, if not more, than
    any other area in business.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Why is this statement true? Think about it. IT professionals will likely have access to information more than
    anyone else in the organization. Information such as employee information, customer information, and sales
    transactions are stored in database tables. A human resources (HR) representative will have access to
    employee information. A salesperson or customer service representative will have access to sales information
    or basic customer information. An accounts receivable person will have access to customers’ financial
    information.

    Some IT professionals will have access to all information. Additionally, many organizations have personal
    usage rules regarding the personal use of company website, Internet, and e-mail assets. This usually means
    that organizations will have applications that log usage into databases. Most of the time, employees’ actual e-
    mail text is stored as well. Managers can request reports if they feel an employee is abusing the usage rules,
    but who has access to the data at any given time? Some IT professionals will.

    Who should have access to this information? Can you imagine what would happen if anyone could access all
    of this information? Imagine the unethical, disgruntled employee who was passed over for a promotion
    accessing the web logs and seeing that the newly promoted coworker who is married has been researching
    dating websites.

    There is a lot of trust placed in IT professionals to house and manage all kinds of sensitive information and
    not abuse it themselves. This is where the basics of ethics for IT professionals starts. Even within IT, there
    are access controls that limit what can be done to the data. In other words, most IT professionals could not
    delete their web logs. This is all a part of having good security policies, which we will discuss later.

    Even if you, as an IT professional, accidentally view confidential or sensitive information, you have to know
    what your ethical responsibility is with regard to that information. Should you inform management that you
    saw that information? Another example might be knowing the company’s financial information. It is unethical
    and potentially illegal to use that information for your own financial gain.

    Ethical Challenges

    Let’s examine how technology has advantages and disadvantages by examining the table below from
    Chapter 4 in your eTextbook. Technology can create new opportunities to enhance people’s lives, but it can
    also be a detriment to improving lives. Technology, such as the Internet, has challenged our understanding of
    ethical and privacy issues. Improvements in communications technology, such as high-speed broadband and
    globalization, have brought the topic of ethics and privacy to the forefront.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    (Laudon & Laudon, 2022)

    Data collected by smart cars and smart device tracking features can be used by auto insurance companies to
    monitor the insured’s driving habits and use the data to justify increasing insurance rates. This software can
    monitor driver activities such as texting while driving, traveling speeds, alertness, and other driving patterns.
    This information can then be used by law enforcement against offenders to support traffic violation charges,
    especially if the driver was involved in an accident.

    Your individual shopping profile on your favorite online shopping website can be analyzed using advanced
    data analytics to reveal your shopping habits and associations that are valuable to corporations, government
    agencies, or other entities that use the data to advertise. Frequent visits to a movie theater could reveal
    information about your entertainment habits. However, frequent visits to a hospital or care facility would also
    reveal far more sensitive information about private medical data that you would not want to share with the rest
    of the world.

    Summary

    This unit covered many of the ethical considerations that you may face at home and in the workplace. In the
    workplace, there is always more to consider, so most organizations have ethics training for this purpose. At
    home, individuals will need to be knowledgeable about how information is gathered and to whom that
    information is given.

    Reference

    Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).

    Pearson.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 5

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:

    • Chapter 3 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 3 PowerPoint presentation)

    • Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 4 PowerPoint presentation)

    The following article discusses ethical issues in information systems.

    Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5–12.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following article examines how organizational value is created through IT governance mechanisms.

    Wu, S. P.-J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T.-P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and

    strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
    and IT managers. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 497–519.
    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
    chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 3 and 4 video cases linked below.

    A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
    video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
    video.

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, October 1). Customer story: Riot games [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, July 2). Customer story: Roblox [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo

    CNET. (2015, February 25). CNET News – What the FCC net neutrality rules will mean for Internet users

    [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU

    Vox. (2015, February 26). The FCC’s new net neutrality rules, explained in 172 seconds [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw

    Consumer Reports. (2013, June 6). Setting Facebook privacy controls [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko

    Wall Street Journal. (2012, January 25). Google, privacy and what it means for you [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM

    Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
    them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.

    Review the following case study, GE Becomes a Digital Firm: The Emerging Industrial Internet, which
    discusses the difficulties faced by large, capital-intensive firms in traditional industries becoming digital firms.
    There is a link within the case study to an accompanying video. (A transcript can be accessed for the video

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1)

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 6

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-captioning
    can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.)

    After watching the video and reviewing the case study, answer the video case questions at the end.

    – Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
    – Required Unit Resources
    – Unit Lesson

    – Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization
    – Organizations and Strategy
    – Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems
    – Ethical Challenges
    – Summary
    – Reference

    – Suggested Unit Resources
    – Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    **## DiscussionBoard2.docx**

    Discussion Board 2

    • Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length.

    • Your initial post should include at least one APA-formatted scholarly, professional, or textbook reference with accompanying in-text citation to support any paraphrased, summarized, or quoted material.

    There has been much legal activity regarding web postings and social media sites like Twitter. Celebrities, elected officials, and many others have taken a stand to complain about being bullied and mocked on social media. These lawsuits are alleging slander and libel against people who posted comments that targeted individuals and businesses. Discuss whether you think these lawsuits have merit and why. Do you think there should be business accountability measures or consequences associated with the things you might say and do on the internet if you use a business network or are on company time? Explain your rationale.

    Reply 1
    **Michael Ward**

    Top of Form

    Social media is a platform that allows people to express their thoughts and opinions, which is often seen as a positive. Unfortunately, that freedom can harm businesses when people make false claims or say harmful things. A great example is the public argument between rappers Drake and Kendrick Lamar in 2024. Their online post and lyrics went viral, and they accused one another of serious things. These online statements and song lyrics can lead to legal action for reputational damage and defamation.

    The introduction of new information technology has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues that must be addressed at the individual, social, and political levels. (Laudon & Laudon, 2021). I believe the legal actions that could be pursued have some merit. It is important to have freedom of speech, but if a post or song lyrics cause real harm, the person who said those things should be responsible. Additionally, companies and organizations should ensure their employees act professionally online. In the Navy, we conduct social media training annually. We usually have the right to say what we want as long as we are not in uniform, because what we say can reflect on the reputation of the United States military.

    Ethical use of social media or technology is not just about following the law, but it is also about showing respect for others. Before we post anything, we have a responsibility to reflect on how what we say could impact someone's life, career, or business. Social media is beyond helpful, but it can be abused if people are held responsible for what they say online.

    Our posts can reach more people than we think. We live in a society that relies heavily on technology, and taking the extra time to think about what we post can build trust between individuals and companies.

    Reference: Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2021).
    _Management information systems: Managing the digital firm_ (17th ed.). Pearson Education.

    Reply 2 Jennie Lawhun

    Good morning,

    The rise of social media has significantly changed how defamation—both slander and libel—is understood and addressed in today’s society. Platforms such as Twitter (now X), Facebook, and Instagram allow users to instantly share opinions, news, and commentary with wide audiences. However, this accessibility also increases the risk of false or harmful statements spreading rapidly, sometimes causing serious damage to reputations and livelihoods. Courts continue to grapple with balancing the right to free speech against the need to protect individuals and organizations from defamatory or reckless statements. While expressions of opinion and satire are generally protected under the First Amendment, deliberately false claims that harm someone’s reputation can result in legal consequences (U.S. Courts, n.d.).

    Businesses are also increasingly affected by online behavior. When employees use social media during work hours or through company accounts, their actions can reflect directly on the organization’s image and credibility. Many companies have recognized this risk and implemented detailed social media policies outlining acceptable conduct, confidentiality rules, and consequences for violations. Such policies are not meant to limit personal expression but to ensure that online interactions remain professional and aligned with the organization’s values. Inappropriate or harmful posts can lead to disciplinary action, as they can expose the company to legal or reputational risks.

    Ultimately, the internet functions as a highly visible public space, and actions taken there often have lasting real-world effects. Responsible digital communication requires awareness of legal boundaries, respect for others, and an understanding that online accountability mirrors real-world standards. As technology continues to evolve, promoting ethical behavior and thoughtful communication on social media will remain essential for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole.

    Reference: U.S. Courts. (n.d.). Defamation. Retrieved from https://www.uscourts. Bottom of Form

    **## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Explain how information technology systems influence organizational strategies.
    3.1 Explain an organization’s ability to use information technology to achieve strategic goals.

    4. Evaluate the prevailing ethical issues of information systems.

    4.1 Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

    Chapter 4: Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    Unit Lesson

    Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization

    For most of us, it is not that difficult to understand certain information technology (IT) concepts. Most of us
    use our hardware and equipment fairly well. We know how to download apps on our smartphones. We know
    about the systems and applications that we use at work. We may not know all of the details or inner workings
    of what information flows where, but we have a good idea of how things work. If we were clueless, we would
    not be of much value to our organizations, would we?

    Organizations and Strategy

    Let’s take this to a more abstract level. How would you answer this question: How is IT used toward the
    success of your organization? You might rattle off some reasons relating to the availability of the Internet,
    which allows e-mails to flow so that there is connectivity between customers and service representatives. You
    might say that your organization has several servers and databases that house data and a security team with
    security tools that ensure the safety of the data. You might mention that all the applications allow you to
    service your customers in faster, more efficient ways. If you are a little more tech savvy at your organization,
    you might even bring up more advanced topics or newer innovations, such as the ones listed below.

    • e-commerce
    • supply chain management systems (SCM)
    • customer relation management systems (CRM)
    • SharePoint
    • cloud collaboration
    • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
    • Systems, Applications, and Products (SAP)
    • big data
    • data mining
    • expert systems

    Are the items described here IT tools? Yes, they are used to help make everyone’s lives and jobs easier,
    faster, more efficient, and more effective, but let’s ask the question again: How is IT used toward the success
    of your organization?

    UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
    Organizations, Strategy, Ethics, and
    Social Issues in Information Systems

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Organizations must deal with a lot of information about every aspect of the business—from customers to
    vendors, employees, invoices, payments, inventory, and services. Our information systems make it possible
    to organize this information and keep up with it all. Business processes deal with the work that is performed in
    our organizations so that we can produce something of value. The performance of our business depends on
    how well our business processes work. Our business processes can add extreme value to our organization
    because they can be a competitive strength. They can also drag our value down if they are not working well
    for the organization. Thus, IT can work in many ways to improve our business processes by introducing
    better, faster, and more efficient methods of performing tasks in our business processes.

    Imagine how much time and money is saved if a thousand invoices are e-mailed to customers rather than
    being mailed via the postal mail. How much time does it take a person to stuff and stamp 1,000 envelopes?

    Now, if you look at how technology supports not only business processes but also management groups and
    functional groups, you can start to see that they link together in a way that serves to improve organizational
    performance.

    Value in improved performance. Organizations search every day for ways to improve their performance,
    production output, and transaction processing. In recent years, technology has advanced to the point that it
    supports enterprise-level systems, applications, networks, collaboration, and so on. There are even enterprise
    social networking tools now.

    Influence of IT on business-level strategy. Basically, a strategy addresses what needs to be accomplished.
    With any organization, the strategic objectives will be similar. The organizational leaders will want to be
    number one in their market, increase sales revenue, decrease costs, or strengthen their customer base. It is
    certainly not a stretch to understand that a business wants to be the best, the fastest, the most profitable, the
    most efficient, the most customer-friendly, and so on.

    You must also have a good understanding of what influences organizations. Organizations have a culture.
    They have politics, social structure, rules, values, norms, and people. The reality is that technology affects all
    aspects of organizations. For example, information systems can have a huge economic impact on an
    organization. IT is very costly, but the benefits can influence big increases in revenue or substantial
    decreases in costs.

    IT can have cultural and social impacts on organizations as well. A large technology implementation can
    mean a change in the mindset for many employees who are resistant to change. Imagine that you know
    technology implementation will increase the efficiency of operations by 50%, but this may also mean that
    fewer employees will be needed. Imagine that you are one of the employees whose job is at risk due to a new
    automation. This realization may cause a lot of doubt, uncertainty, and anxiety for employees. All of these
    factors play an important part in understanding the role that IT plays in organizations. For IT to be beneficial
    and for organizations to be successful, organizations have to have clear strategies. Organizations have to
    take full advantage of any competitive advantages and understand models such as Porter’s competitive
    forces model. Once organizational leaders understand where the business needs to be, they can set clear,
    actionable steps to get there. Those steps will involve technology because organizations need to have IT
    resources and IT capabilities. It will also involve an organization’s ability to utilize its IT resources and create
    value in conjunction with its other assets and resources.

    Finally, it is important to note that organizations have to be able to align their technologies with their business
    strategies and goals. It does the organization no good to have a well-defined strategy if it does not have the IT
    resources and capabilities to meet its goals. On the other hand, if the organization does not have a well-
    defined strategy that is appropriate for the business, IT tools will be of little help to reach meaningless goals.

    Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    As Laudon and Laudon (2022) note, “ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting
    as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior” (p. 122). The fact is that information
    systems open the door for many opportunities to make ethical choices—probably as many, if not more, than
    any other area in business.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Why is this statement true? Think about it. IT professionals will likely have access to information more than
    anyone else in the organization. Information such as employee information, customer information, and sales
    transactions are stored in database tables. A human resources (HR) representative will have access to
    employee information. A salesperson or customer service representative will have access to sales information
    or basic customer information. An accounts receivable person will have access to customers’ financial
    information.

    Some IT professionals will have access to all information. Additionally, many organizations have personal
    usage rules regarding the personal use of company website, Internet, and e-mail assets. This usually means
    that organizations will have applications that log usage into databases. Most of the time, employees’ actual e-
    mail text is stored as well. Managers can request reports if they feel an employee is abusing the usage rules,
    but who has access to the data at any given time? Some IT professionals will.

    Who should have access to this information? Can you imagine what would happen if anyone could access all
    of this information? Imagine the unethical, disgruntled employee who was passed over for a promotion
    accessing the web logs and seeing that the newly promoted coworker who is married has been researching
    dating websites.

    There is a lot of trust placed in IT professionals to house and manage all kinds of sensitive information and
    not abuse it themselves. This is where the basics of ethics for IT professionals starts. Even within IT, there
    are access controls that limit what can be done to the data. In other words, most IT professionals could not
    delete their web logs. This is all a part of having good security policies, which we will discuss later.

    Even if you, as an IT professional, accidentally view confidential or sensitive information, you have to know
    what your ethical responsibility is with regard to that information. Should you inform management that you
    saw that information? Another example might be knowing the company’s financial information. It is unethical
    and potentially illegal to use that information for your own financial gain.

    Ethical Challenges

    Let’s examine how technology has advantages and disadvantages by examining the table below from
    Chapter 4 in your eTextbook. Technology can create new opportunities to enhance people’s lives, but it can
    also be a detriment to improving lives. Technology, such as the Internet, has challenged our understanding of
    ethical and privacy issues. Improvements in communications technology, such as high-speed broadband and
    globalization, have brought the topic of ethics and privacy to the forefront.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    (Laudon & Laudon, 2022)

    Data collected by smart cars and smart device tracking features can be used by auto insurance companies to
    monitor the insured’s driving habits and use the data to justify increasing insurance rates. This software can
    monitor driver activities such as texting while driving, traveling speeds, alertness, and other driving patterns.
    This information can then be used by law enforcement against offenders to support traffic violation charges,
    especially if the driver was involved in an accident.

    Your individual shopping profile on your favorite online shopping website can be analyzed using advanced
    data analytics to reveal your shopping habits and associations that are valuable to corporations, government
    agencies, or other entities that use the data to advertise. Frequent visits to a movie theater could reveal
    information about your entertainment habits. However, frequent visits to a hospital or care facility would also
    reveal far more sensitive information about private medical data that you would not want to share with the rest
    of the world.

    Summary

    This unit covered many of the ethical considerations that you may face at home and in the workplace. In the
    workplace, there is always more to consider, so most organizations have ethics training for this purpose. At
    home, individuals will need to be knowledgeable about how information is gathered and to whom that
    information is given.

    Reference

    Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).

    Pearson.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 5

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:

    • Chapter 3 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 3 PowerPoint presentation)

    • Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 4 PowerPoint presentation)

    The following article discusses ethical issues in information systems.

    Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5–12.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following article examines how organizational value is created through IT governance mechanisms.

    Wu, S. P.-J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T.-P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and

    strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
    and IT managers. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 497–519.
    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
    chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 3 and 4 video cases linked below.

    A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
    video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
    video.

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, October 1). Customer story: Riot games [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, July 2). Customer story: Roblox [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo

    CNET. (2015, February 25). CNET News – What the FCC net neutrality rules will mean for Internet users

    [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU

    Vox. (2015, February 26). The FCC’s new net neutrality rules, explained in 172 seconds [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw

    Consumer Reports. (2013, June 6). Setting Facebook privacy controls [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko

    Wall Street Journal. (2012, January 25). Google, privacy and what it means for you [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM

    Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
    them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.

    Review the following case study, GE Becomes a Digital Firm: The Emerging Industrial Internet, which
    discusses the difficulties faced by large, capital-intensive firms in traditional industries becoming digital firms.
    There is a link within the case study to an accompanying video. (A transcript can be accessed for the video

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1)

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 6

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-captioning
    can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.)

    After watching the video and reviewing the case study, answer the video case questions at the end.

    – Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
    – Required Unit Resources
    – Unit Lesson

    – Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization
    – Organizations and Strategy
    – Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems
    – Ethical Challenges
    – Summary
    – Reference

    – Suggested Unit Resources
    – Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    **## DiscussionBoard2.docx**

    Discussion Board 2

    • Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length.

    • Your initial post should include at least one APA-formatted scholarly, professional, or textbook reference with accompanying in-text citation to support any paraphrased, summarized, or quoted material.

    There has been much legal activity regarding web postings and social media sites like Twitter. Celebrities, elected officials, and many others have taken a stand to complain about being bullied and mocked on social media. These lawsuits are alleging slander and libel against people who posted comments that targeted individuals and businesses. Discuss whether you think these lawsuits have merit and why. Do you think there should be business accountability measures or consequences associated with the things you might say and do on the internet if you use a business network or are on company time? Explain your rationale.

    Reply 1
    **Michael Ward**

    Top of Form

    Social media is a platform that allows people to express their thoughts and opinions, which is often seen as a positive. Unfortunately, that freedom can harm businesses when people make false claims or say harmful things. A great example is the public argument between rappers Drake and Kendrick Lamar in 2024. Their online post and lyrics went viral, and they accused one another of serious things. These online statements and song lyrics can lead to legal action for reputational damage and defamation.

    The introduction of new information technology has a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues that must be addressed at the individual, social, and political levels. (Laudon & Laudon, 2021). I believe the legal actions that could be pursued have some merit. It is important to have freedom of speech, but if a post or song lyrics cause real harm, the person who said those things should be responsible. Additionally, companies and organizations should ensure their employees act professionally online. In the Navy, we conduct social media training annually. We usually have the right to say what we want as long as we are not in uniform, because what we say can reflect on the reputation of the United States military.

    Ethical use of social media or technology is not just about following the law, but it is also about showing respect for others. Before we post anything, we have a responsibility to reflect on how what we say could impact someone's life, career, or business. Social media is beyond helpful, but it can be abused if people are held responsible for what they say online.

    Our posts can reach more people than we think. We live in a society that relies heavily on technology, and taking the extra time to think about what we post can build trust between individuals and companies.

    Reference: Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2021).
    _Management information systems: Managing the digital firm_ (17th ed.). Pearson Education.

    Reply 2 Jennie Lawhun

    Good morning,

    The rise of social media has significantly changed how defamation—both slander and libel—is understood and addressed in today’s society. Platforms such as Twitter (now X), Facebook, and Instagram allow users to instantly share opinions, news, and commentary with wide audiences. However, this accessibility also increases the risk of false or harmful statements spreading rapidly, sometimes causing serious damage to reputations and livelihoods. Courts continue to grapple with balancing the right to free speech against the need to protect individuals and organizations from defamatory or reckless statements. While expressions of opinion and satire are generally protected under the First Amendment, deliberately false claims that harm someone’s reputation can result in legal consequences (U.S. Courts, n.d.).

    Businesses are also increasingly affected by online behavior. When employees use social media during work hours or through company accounts, their actions can reflect directly on the organization’s image and credibility. Many companies have recognized this risk and implemented detailed social media policies outlining acceptable conduct, confidentiality rules, and consequences for violations. Such policies are not meant to limit personal expression but to ensure that online interactions remain professional and aligned with the organization’s values. Inappropriate or harmful posts can lead to disciplinary action, as they can expose the company to legal or reputational risks.

    Ultimately, the internet functions as a highly visible public space, and actions taken there often have lasting real-world effects. Responsible digital communication requires awareness of legal boundaries, respect for others, and an understanding that online accountability mirrors real-world standards. As technology continues to evolve, promoting ethical behavior and thoughtful communication on social media will remain essential for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole.

    Reference: U.S. Courts. (n.d.). Defamation. Retrieved from https://www.uscourts. Bottom of Form

    **## UnitIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Explain how information technology systems influence organizational strategies.
    3.1 Explain an organization’s ability to use information technology to achieve strategic goals.

    4. Evaluate the prevailing ethical issues of information systems.

    4.1 Describe how new technology trends may cause ethical dilemmas.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy

    Chapter 4: Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    Unit Lesson

    Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization

    For most of us, it is not that difficult to understand certain information technology (IT) concepts. Most of us
    use our hardware and equipment fairly well. We know how to download apps on our smartphones. We know
    about the systems and applications that we use at work. We may not know all of the details or inner workings
    of what information flows where, but we have a good idea of how things work. If we were clueless, we would
    not be of much value to our organizations, would we?

    Organizations and Strategy

    Let’s take this to a more abstract level. How would you answer this question: How is IT used toward the
    success of your organization? You might rattle off some reasons relating to the availability of the Internet,
    which allows e-mails to flow so that there is connectivity between customers and service representatives. You
    might say that your organization has several servers and databases that house data and a security team with
    security tools that ensure the safety of the data. You might mention that all the applications allow you to
    service your customers in faster, more efficient ways. If you are a little more tech savvy at your organization,
    you might even bring up more advanced topics or newer innovations, such as the ones listed below.

    • e-commerce
    • supply chain management systems (SCM)
    • customer relation management systems (CRM)
    • SharePoint
    • cloud collaboration
    • enterprise resource planning (ERP)
    • Systems, Applications, and Products (SAP)
    • big data
    • data mining
    • expert systems

    Are the items described here IT tools? Yes, they are used to help make everyone’s lives and jobs easier,
    faster, more efficient, and more effective, but let’s ask the question again: How is IT used toward the success
    of your organization?

    UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
    Organizations, Strategy, Ethics, and
    Social Issues in Information Systems

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    Organizations must deal with a lot of information about every aspect of the business—from customers to
    vendors, employees, invoices, payments, inventory, and services. Our information systems make it possible
    to organize this information and keep up with it all. Business processes deal with the work that is performed in
    our organizations so that we can produce something of value. The performance of our business depends on
    how well our business processes work. Our business processes can add extreme value to our organization
    because they can be a competitive strength. They can also drag our value down if they are not working well
    for the organization. Thus, IT can work in many ways to improve our business processes by introducing
    better, faster, and more efficient methods of performing tasks in our business processes.

    Imagine how much time and money is saved if a thousand invoices are e-mailed to customers rather than
    being mailed via the postal mail. How much time does it take a person to stuff and stamp 1,000 envelopes?

    Now, if you look at how technology supports not only business processes but also management groups and
    functional groups, you can start to see that they link together in a way that serves to improve organizational
    performance.

    Value in improved performance. Organizations search every day for ways to improve their performance,
    production output, and transaction processing. In recent years, technology has advanced to the point that it
    supports enterprise-level systems, applications, networks, collaboration, and so on. There are even enterprise
    social networking tools now.

    Influence of IT on business-level strategy. Basically, a strategy addresses what needs to be accomplished.
    With any organization, the strategic objectives will be similar. The organizational leaders will want to be
    number one in their market, increase sales revenue, decrease costs, or strengthen their customer base. It is
    certainly not a stretch to understand that a business wants to be the best, the fastest, the most profitable, the
    most efficient, the most customer-friendly, and so on.

    You must also have a good understanding of what influences organizations. Organizations have a culture.
    They have politics, social structure, rules, values, norms, and people. The reality is that technology affects all
    aspects of organizations. For example, information systems can have a huge economic impact on an
    organization. IT is very costly, but the benefits can influence big increases in revenue or substantial
    decreases in costs.

    IT can have cultural and social impacts on organizations as well. A large technology implementation can
    mean a change in the mindset for many employees who are resistant to change. Imagine that you know
    technology implementation will increase the efficiency of operations by 50%, but this may also mean that
    fewer employees will be needed. Imagine that you are one of the employees whose job is at risk due to a new
    automation. This realization may cause a lot of doubt, uncertainty, and anxiety for employees. All of these
    factors play an important part in understanding the role that IT plays in organizations. For IT to be beneficial
    and for organizations to be successful, organizations have to have clear strategies. Organizations have to
    take full advantage of any competitive advantages and understand models such as Porter’s competitive
    forces model. Once organizational leaders understand where the business needs to be, they can set clear,
    actionable steps to get there. Those steps will involve technology because organizations need to have IT
    resources and IT capabilities. It will also involve an organization’s ability to utilize its IT resources and create
    value in conjunction with its other assets and resources.

    Finally, it is important to note that organizations have to be able to align their technologies with their business
    strategies and goals. It does the organization no good to have a well-defined strategy if it does not have the IT
    resources and capabilities to meet its goals. On the other hand, if the organization does not have a well-
    defined strategy that is appropriate for the business, IT tools will be of little help to reach meaningless goals.

    Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems

    As Laudon and Laudon (2022) note, “ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting
    as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behavior” (p. 122). The fact is that information
    systems open the door for many opportunities to make ethical choices—probably as many, if not more, than
    any other area in business.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
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    Why is this statement true? Think about it. IT professionals will likely have access to information more than
    anyone else in the organization. Information such as employee information, customer information, and sales
    transactions are stored in database tables. A human resources (HR) representative will have access to
    employee information. A salesperson or customer service representative will have access to sales information
    or basic customer information. An accounts receivable person will have access to customers’ financial
    information.

    Some IT professionals will have access to all information. Additionally, many organizations have personal
    usage rules regarding the personal use of company website, Internet, and e-mail assets. This usually means
    that organizations will have applications that log usage into databases. Most of the time, employees’ actual e-
    mail text is stored as well. Managers can request reports if they feel an employee is abusing the usage rules,
    but who has access to the data at any given time? Some IT professionals will.

    Who should have access to this information? Can you imagine what would happen if anyone could access all
    of this information? Imagine the unethical, disgruntled employee who was passed over for a promotion
    accessing the web logs and seeing that the newly promoted coworker who is married has been researching
    dating websites.

    There is a lot of trust placed in IT professionals to house and manage all kinds of sensitive information and
    not abuse it themselves. This is where the basics of ethics for IT professionals starts. Even within IT, there
    are access controls that limit what can be done to the data. In other words, most IT professionals could not
    delete their web logs. This is all a part of having good security policies, which we will discuss later.

    Even if you, as an IT professional, accidentally view confidential or sensitive information, you have to know
    what your ethical responsibility is with regard to that information. Should you inform management that you
    saw that information? Another example might be knowing the company’s financial information. It is unethical
    and potentially illegal to use that information for your own financial gain.

    Ethical Challenges

    Let’s examine how technology has advantages and disadvantages by examining the table below from
    Chapter 4 in your eTextbook. Technology can create new opportunities to enhance people’s lives, but it can
    also be a detriment to improving lives. Technology, such as the Internet, has challenged our understanding of
    ethical and privacy issues. Improvements in communications technology, such as high-speed broadband and
    globalization, have brought the topic of ethics and privacy to the forefront.

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 4

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
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    (Laudon & Laudon, 2022)

    Data collected by smart cars and smart device tracking features can be used by auto insurance companies to
    monitor the insured’s driving habits and use the data to justify increasing insurance rates. This software can
    monitor driver activities such as texting while driving, traveling speeds, alertness, and other driving patterns.
    This information can then be used by law enforcement against offenders to support traffic violation charges,
    especially if the driver was involved in an accident.

    Your individual shopping profile on your favorite online shopping website can be analyzed using advanced
    data analytics to reveal your shopping habits and associations that are valuable to corporations, government
    agencies, or other entities that use the data to advertise. Frequent visits to a movie theater could reveal
    information about your entertainment habits. However, frequent visits to a hospital or care facility would also
    reveal far more sensitive information about private medical data that you would not want to share with the rest
    of the world.

    Summary

    This unit covered many of the ethical considerations that you may face at home and in the workplace. In the
    workplace, there is always more to consider, so most organizations have ethics training for this purpose. At
    home, individuals will need to be knowledgeable about how information is gathered and to whom that
    information is given.

    Reference

    Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. L. (2022). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (17th ed.).

    Pearson.

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    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    To reinforce the concepts from this unit, you are encouraged to review the following:

    • Chapter 3 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 3 PowerPoint presentation)

    • Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
    (PDF for Chapter 4 PowerPoint presentation)

    The following article discusses ethical issues in information systems.

    Mason, R. O. (1986). Four ethical issues of the information age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5–12.

    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following article examines how organizational value is created through IT governance mechanisms.

    Wu, S. P.-J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T.-P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and

    strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business
    and IT managers. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 497–519.
    https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
    ct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site

    The following video cases mentioned in your eTextbook augment the information presented in the assigned
    chapter readings. You are encouraged to review the Chapter 3 and 4 video cases linked below.

    A transcript can be accessed for each video within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the
    video title on the right. Closed-captioning can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of each
    video.

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, October 1). Customer story: Riot games [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA

    Akamai Technologies. (2019, July 2). Customer story: Roblox [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo

    CNET. (2015, February 25). CNET News – What the FCC net neutrality rules will mean for Internet users

    [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU

    Vox. (2015, February 26). The FCC’s new net neutrality rules, explained in 172 seconds [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw

    Consumer Reports. (2013, June 6). Setting Facebook privacy controls [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko

    Wall Street Journal. (2012, January 25). Google, privacy and what it means for you [Video]. YouTube.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM

    Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
    them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.

    Review the following case study, GE Becomes a Digital Firm: The Emerging Industrial Internet, which
    discusses the difficulties faced by large, capital-intensive firms in traditional industries becoming digital firms.
    There is a link within the case study to an accompanying video. (A transcript can be accessed for the video

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631380_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605717_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150631382_1)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605719_1)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=4679471&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=102375761&site=ehost-live&scope=site)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqkqjAc5aA)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2XU_5XdYPo)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84r3qd19tZU)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBKPacCuXsw)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWlyut4zsko)

    [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7M_FOhXXKM)

    [https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-150605704_1)

    ITC 5301, Management Information Systems 6

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
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    within the YouTube player by clicking on the three dots below the video title on the right. Closed-captioning
    can be turned on by clicking the “cc” icon at the bottom of the video.)

    After watching the video and reviewing the case study, answer the video case questions at the end.

    – Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
    – Required Unit Resources
    – Unit Lesson

    – Information Systems: What This Means to Your Organization
    – Organizations and Strategy
    – Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems
    – Ethical Challenges
    – Summary
    – Reference

    – Suggested Unit Resources
    – Learning Activities (Nongraded)

    – 1
    – 2