Tag: Model Answer

  • [Solved] Music Appreciation

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## exam2MusicAppreciation.docx **## exam2MusicAppreciation.docx** **Music Appreciation Name__________________________** **Exam No. 2 Date:** **\_\_\_…

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    – ## exam2MusicAppreciation.docx

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    **Music Appreciation Name__________________________**

    **Exam No. 2 Date:**
    **\_\_\______________**

    1) Pythagoras left a proposal about a theory that was very well regarded during his time, which placed the study of music in direct relationship with the study of the planets. In this theory he stated that “the Sun, Moon, and planets all emit their own unique hum, a type of orbital sound, based on the orbital movement, and that although imperceptible for the human ear, these sounds have an effect in the way we live on earth”. This theory is called:

    A. Music of the Spheres

    B. Pythagoras’ Theory of Music

    C. Moon, Sun, and music

    D. The Greeks and their Music

    2) Greek ancient times encompass the period approximately between

    A. BC 800 to AD 450

    B. 1600 to 1750

    C. 450 to 1450

    D. 1750 to 1820

    3) Which instrument of the following list was the most used and portrayed in sculptures and writings of the Greeks and Romans, during the period known as Classical Antiquity or Greek Ancient Period?

    D. Violin

    E. Bassoon

    F. Double bass

    A. Guitar

    B. Piano

    C. Lyre

    4) What is the name of the first type of music composition that has survived in writing?

    A. Symphony

    E. Monody

    F. Gregorian Chant

    G. Prelude

    H. Organum

    B. Melody

    C. Harmony

    D. Madrigal

    5) One of the personalities below plays a very important role in the compilation of religious music of the Middle Ages. This person organized and compiled the different chants, assigned the chants for the different parts of the mass, and assigned chants for the different celebrations and services of the year.

    A. J. S. Bach

    D. Arcangello Corelli

    E. W.A. Mozart

    F. Antonio Vivaldi

    B. L. v. Beethoven

    C. Pope Gregory I

    6) The musical
    _texture_ in which a melodic line is accompanied by a harmonic instrument is called:

    A. Homophonic D. Monophonic

    B. Polyphonic E. Stereophonic

    C. Dodecaphonic

    7) Where was polyphonic music
    **first** developed and when?

    A. The Parthenon around AD 40

    B. Notre Dame de Paris, Middle Ages

    C. Italy, in the Renaissance

    D. Germany, in the Baroque era

    8) The musical
    _texture_ of the music known with the name of “plain chant” or “Gregorian Chant” is:

    A. Homophonic

    B. Polyphonic

    C. Dodecaphonic

    D. Monophonic

    9) What were the cultural and musical centers of Europe during the Middle Ages?

    A. Greece, the Parthenon

    B. France, Notre Dame Cathedral

    C. Italy, St. Peter’s Cathedral

    10) What are the names of important composers of the Middle Ages?

    A. Pope Gregory I

    E. Antonio Vivaldi

    F. Ludwig v. Beethoven

    G. Wolfgan Amadeus Mozart

    H. Perotin

    B. Leonin

    C. George F. Handel

    D. Johan Sebastian Bach

    11) What was the most popular string instrument during the Renaissance?

    A. Violin

    B. Harp

    C. Lyre

    D. Lute

    E. Guitar

    12) Name the following instruments. Word bank: organ, harpsichord, lyre, lute, violin, piano, cello, flute, bassoon, celesta, tuba, bass, theorbo, clarinet, oboe.

    ![Image result for lute](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for lyre](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for harpsichord](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for bassoon](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for violin](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for organ](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)

    \_\_\_________ ______ ______________ ________ _______ ___________

    13) The Baroque period time frame is:

    A. BC 800 to AD 450

    B. 1600 to 1750

    C. 450 to 1450

    D. 1750 to 1820

    E. 1450 to 1600

    14) One of the most important genres of music during the Renaissance is:

    D. Sonata

    E. Opera

    F. Symphony

    A. Fugue

    B. Organum

    C. Madrigal

    15) The Renaissance Period is contained within which time frame?

    A. 450-1000

    B. 1000-1450

    C. 1450-1600

    D. 1600-1750

    E. 1750-1800

    F. 1800-1850

    16) The concept of word painting of the music of the Renaissance means:

    A. The melody and harmony convey the meaning of the text

    B. The text reflects colorful images

    C. The music was written using different color inks

    D. The music conveys different emotions, every emotion gets a different tone

    17) True or false

    ________Pope Gregory I was an important figure of the Renaissance period

    ________ Polyphonic music flourished during the Renaissance period

    ________ The Harpsichord was a very popular instrument during the Ancient Greek period

    ________ The Baroque period started right after the Renaissance

    ________ Leonin and Perotin were important musicians of the Middle Ages

    ________ The
    **secular** music of the Middle Ages was made by the Troubadours and Trouveres

    18) Who was Hildegard von Bingen? (1098-1179)

    A. A woman composer of the Middle Ages

    B. A women regarded in her time as a poet and prophet

    C. A woman who wrote compositions in the style of the Gregorian Chant

    D. All of the above

    Bonus Questions:

    1) Male Baroque singers used by Frederic Handel in many of his operas were known with a particular name. What was it? _____________________

    2) What is the meaning of the word Baroque?_____________________

    3) The opera is a musical genre originated in what period?________________________

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    **## exam2MusicAppreciation.docx**

    **Music Appreciation Name__________________________**

    **Exam No. 2 Date:**
    **\_\_\______________**

    1) Pythagoras left a proposal about a theory that was very well regarded during his time, which placed the study of music in direct relationship with the study of the planets. In this theory he stated that “the Sun, Moon, and planets all emit their own unique hum, a type of orbital sound, based on the orbital movement, and that although imperceptible for the human ear, these sounds have an effect in the way we live on earth”. This theory is called:

    A. Music of the Spheres

    B. Pythagoras’ Theory of Music

    C. Moon, Sun, and music

    D. The Greeks and their Music

    2) Greek ancient times encompass the period approximately between

    A. BC 800 to AD 450

    B. 1600 to 1750

    C. 450 to 1450

    D. 1750 to 1820

    3) Which instrument of the following list was the most used and portrayed in sculptures and writings of the Greeks and Romans, during the period known as Classical Antiquity or Greek Ancient Period?

    D. Violin

    E. Bassoon

    F. Double bass

    A. Guitar

    B. Piano

    C. Lyre

    4) What is the name of the first type of music composition that has survived in writing?

    A. Symphony

    E. Monody

    F. Gregorian Chant

    G. Prelude

    H. Organum

    B. Melody

    C. Harmony

    D. Madrigal

    5) One of the personalities below plays a very important role in the compilation of religious music of the Middle Ages. This person organized and compiled the different chants, assigned the chants for the different parts of the mass, and assigned chants for the different celebrations and services of the year.

    A. J. S. Bach

    D. Arcangello Corelli

    E. W.A. Mozart

    F. Antonio Vivaldi

    B. L. v. Beethoven

    C. Pope Gregory I

    6) The musical
    _texture_ in which a melodic line is accompanied by a harmonic instrument is called:

    A. Homophonic D. Monophonic

    B. Polyphonic E. Stereophonic

    C. Dodecaphonic

    7) Where was polyphonic music
    **first** developed and when?

    A. The Parthenon around AD 40

    B. Notre Dame de Paris, Middle Ages

    C. Italy, in the Renaissance

    D. Germany, in the Baroque era

    8) The musical
    _texture_ of the music known with the name of “plain chant” or “Gregorian Chant” is:

    A. Homophonic

    B. Polyphonic

    C. Dodecaphonic

    D. Monophonic

    9) What were the cultural and musical centers of Europe during the Middle Ages?

    A. Greece, the Parthenon

    B. France, Notre Dame Cathedral

    C. Italy, St. Peter’s Cathedral

    10) What are the names of important composers of the Middle Ages?

    A. Pope Gregory I

    E. Antonio Vivaldi

    F. Ludwig v. Beethoven

    G. Wolfgan Amadeus Mozart

    H. Perotin

    B. Leonin

    C. George F. Handel

    D. Johan Sebastian Bach

    11) What was the most popular string instrument during the Renaissance?

    A. Violin

    B. Harp

    C. Lyre

    D. Lute

    E. Guitar

    12) Name the following instruments. Word bank: organ, harpsichord, lyre, lute, violin, piano, cello, flute, bassoon, celesta, tuba, bass, theorbo, clarinet, oboe.

    ![Image result for lute](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for lyre](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for harpsichord](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for bassoon](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for violin](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)![Image result for organ](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/music-appreciation-20885677)

    \_\_\_________ ______ ______________ ________ _______ ___________

    13) The Baroque period time frame is:

    A. BC 800 to AD 450

    B. 1600 to 1750

    C. 450 to 1450

    D. 1750 to 1820

    E. 1450 to 1600

    14) One of the most important genres of music during the Renaissance is:

    D. Sonata

    E. Opera

    F. Symphony

    A. Fugue

    B. Organum

    C. Madrigal

    15) The Renaissance Period is contained within which time frame?

    A. 450-1000

    B. 1000-1450

    C. 1450-1600

    D. 1600-1750

    E. 1750-1800

    F. 1800-1850

    16) The concept of word painting of the music of the Renaissance means:

    A. The melody and harmony convey the meaning of the text

    B. The text reflects colorful images

    C. The music was written using different color inks

    D. The music conveys different emotions, every emotion gets a different tone

    17) True or false

    ________Pope Gregory I was an important figure of the Renaissance period

    ________ Polyphonic music flourished during the Renaissance period

    ________ The Harpsichord was a very popular instrument during the Ancient Greek period

    ________ The Baroque period started right after the Renaissance

    ________ Leonin and Perotin were important musicians of the Middle Ages

    ________ The
    **secular** music of the Middle Ages was made by the Troubadours and Trouveres

    18) Who was Hildegard von Bingen? (1098-1179)

    A. A woman composer of the Middle Ages

    B. A women regarded in her time as a poet and prophet

    C. A woman who wrote compositions in the style of the Gregorian Chant

    D. All of the above

    Bonus Questions:

    1) Male Baroque singers used by Frederic Handel in many of his operas were known with a particular name. What was it? _____________________

    2) What is the meaning of the word Baroque?_____________________

    3) The opera is a musical genre originated in what period?________________________

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  • [Solved] MGMT 311

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) SEE ATTACHMENT – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## WEEK3.docx **## WEEK3.docx** **250-300 WORDS ANWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION** How does workplace conflict impact employee morale, productivity, and overall orga…

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management)

    SEE ATTACHMENT

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## WEEK3.docx

    **## WEEK3.docx**

    **250-300 WORDS ANWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION**

    How does workplace conflict impact employee morale, productivity, and overall organizational success?

    What are some effective strategies for identifying and addressing conflict early on, before it escalates?

    **## WEEK3.docx**

    **250-300 WORDS ANWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION**

    How does workplace conflict impact employee morale, productivity, and overall organizational success?

    What are some effective strategies for identifying and addressing conflict early on, before it escalates?

  • [Solved] The 4 ‘S’ Model

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    **Please respond to the following:** – **Review the article,** [**Effective Marketing Tool for the Marketing Professionals in Healthcare Organization: The 4 "S" Model**](http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=144691545&site=eds-live&scope=…

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    **Please respond to the following:**

    – **Review the article,** [**Effective Marketing Tool for the Marketing Professionals in Healthcare Organization: The 4 "S" Model**](http://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=144691545&site=eds-live&scope=site) **. Are there any elements from this article you believe you will implement in your own marketing plan in next week's assignment? Why or why not?**

    **Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates' posts.**

    – [\
    \
    EBSCO-FullText-02_19_2025.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/ebsco-fulltext-02-19-2025-pdf "EBSCO-FullText-02_19_2025.pdf")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] MGMT 310

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) SEE ATTACHMENT – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## WEEK3.docx **## WEEK3.docx** **250-300 WORDS ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION** The topic this week focuses on goals and objectives. One of the key functions of …

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management)

    SEE ATTACHMENT

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## WEEK3.docx

    **## WEEK3.docx**

    **250-300 WORDS ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION**

    The topic this week focuses on goals and objectives.  One of the key functions of employee performance is to measure employee performance to the mission and goals of the organization.

    Based on our own experience, what should be included in an employee performance evaluation?  How often should performance evaluations be performed?  Consider formal and informal evaluations.

    **## WEEK3.docx**

    **250-300 WORDS ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION**

    The topic this week focuses on goals and objectives.  One of the key functions of employee performance is to measure employee performance to the mission and goals of the organization.

    Based on our own experience, what should be included in an employee performance evaluation?  How often should performance evaluations be performed?  Consider formal and informal evaluations.

  • [Solved] db 18

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering db 18.

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Drop Box

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Drop Box.

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    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Annotated Bibliography

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Annotated Bibliography.

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    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Discussion Post

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    Would need a discussion post completed, preferably 2/3 paragraphs in the response. Will need to be complete by 21 Feb no later than 2 EST. Prompt: We focus on Cybersecurity this week and securing data to protect individuals and organizations. Security is a critical part of any organization's overall…

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    Would need a discussion post completed, preferably 2/3 paragraphs in the response. Will need to be complete by 21 Feb no later than 2 EST.

    Prompt:

    We focus on Cybersecurity this week and securing data to protect individuals and organizations.  Security is a critical part of any organization's overall health, as the strength of their products and services depends on their most precious resources, data, and people.  Sensitive personal information refers to any data that, if disclosed (intentionally or not) or mishandled, could potentially harm and individual's privacy, security, or personal well-being.  Organizations are responsible for safeguarding the sensitive data of all employees, customers, and other stakeholders.

    The following is an example of sensitive personal information:

    John is a patient at the Acme Regional Hospital, where he recently has a minor medical procedure done.  During his intake process, John discussed his mental health history, including his difficult childhood, therapy sessions, and prescribed medications.  After completing the intake process, John was told to take a seat and wait to be called back for his scheduled procedure.  As John was walking back to take a seat he noticed a handful of people in the sitting area, clearly in earshot of where he completed the intake.

    There are several confidentiality concerns when it comes to personal and sensitive information, including improper disclosure, inadequate data protection, third-party sharing, and insider threats.  In the above example, the hospital has a duty to establish and enforce strict confidentiality policies and procedures, including staff training and private intake areas/rooms.

    Use this forum to share an example where you feel that your sensitive personal information was required and not confidentially protected.  Include why you feel that confidentiality was not ensured and the potential harm that could/did come due to the lack of protection.  Be sure to not include the actual sensitive data in your post – for example, use 'social security number' not the actual numbers.

    **REMEMBER- every post (New Thread or Reply) must be supported by relevant information. Prove the point you are making by a) citing external research, b) citing readings from the class content, or c) providing examples or  personal experiences that are relevant and support your position on the topic. It is always better to begin your reflection on the topic by doing some research/reading, either a) or b) or both, before considering personal experience. This research, reflection and subsequent writing is an essential part of the learning process, framing your personal experience against and alongside more general theories, concepts and writing on the topic.**

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] I need help d7

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    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## Untitleddocument71.pdf **## Untitleddocument71.pdf** Class Discussion – Week 7 Connect the example you found for your Dropbox assignment to a reading or concept previously covered in the course. Discuss how the nonviolent actions depicted in your chosen campaign cont…

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    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Untitleddocument71.pdf

    **## Untitleddocument71.pdf**

    Class Discussion – Week 7

    Connect the example you found for your Dropbox assignment to a reading or concept
    previously covered in the course. Discuss how the nonviolent actions depicted in your
    chosen campaign contribute to the constructive transformation of conflicts within the
    frameworks or theoretical perspectives we've explored so far.

    Reply to these examples with 100 words each
    Rhiannon Miller (She/her)
    Feb 18 9:56pm
    Manage Discussion by Rhiannon Miller

    Reply from Rhiannon Miller

    I will connect the Riders Against Gender Exclusion (RAGE) campaign to the theoretical
    perspectives covered in our readings, particularly focusing on Tilly's framework of
    collective violence and Gurr’s concept of relative deprivation.

    Tilly’s (2003) conceptualization of collective violence focuses on how group actions,
    motivated by grievances, can escalate into violent conflicts. However, the RAGE
    campaign is a strong example of how nonviolent actions can serve as an alternative to
    collective violence while still addressing grievances. In this case, transgender activists
    were responding to the structural violence faced by gender non-conforming individuals
    using SEPTA's transit system due to the discriminatory policy of gender markers on
    passes. Rather than resorting to physical violence, RAGE used collective nonviolent
    tactics, including symbolic protests and strategic community mobilization, to challenge
    SEPTA’s policies. This aligns with Tilly’s idea that grievances can lead to contentious
    politics, but in this case, nonviolent methods allowed the activists to transform the
    conflict constructively, without resorting to violence.

    Tilly also identifies several mechanisms that contribute to collective violence, including
    relational mechanisms like polarization and boundary activation. The RAGE campaign
    exemplifies this with the way it framed the conflict—dividing the "us" (transgender and
    gender non-conforming people) against the "them" (SEPTA management). This division
    strengthened the sense of solidarity within the LGBTQ+ community and sharpened the
    focus on SEPTA as an adversary, making the “us” and “them” distinction clearer.
    Through direct action and public pressure, they also brokered relationships with city
    officials, which contributed to eventual success in having the gender markers removed.
    This illustrates Tilly's relational mechanism of connecting previously separate social
    sites to create alliances, further intensifying the campaign's momentum.

    Gurr's (1970) theory of relative deprivation explains how perceived discrepancies
    between societal expectations and personal capabilities can lead to unrest. In the case

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682)

    of RAGE, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals faced a deep sense of
    relative deprivation due to the social barriers imposed by SEPTA's gender marker
    policy. This policy, by misrepresenting their gender identity, heightened the sense of
    marginalization and exclusion from society’s norms. The activists, who saw this policy
    as a denial of their rightful participation in public life, were reacting to this deprivation of
    their identity and dignity.

    In Gurr’s framework, the concept of aspirational deprivation is key, where individuals are
    angered by the inability to achieve new or intensified expectations. For transgender
    individuals, the SEPTA policy represented a failure of society to accommodate and
    respect their gender identity, creating a gap between what they expected (dignity,
    recognition) and what they received (discrimination and exclusion). By organizing
    protests, holding public forums, and staging symbolic acts like "SEPTA is a Drag,"
    RAGE directly addressed this perceived deprivation and aimed to shift societal norms
    toward greater inclusivity and respect. Gurr’s focus on anomie—where breakdowns in
    social norms lead to feelings of uncertainty and disillusionment—resonates with the
    feelings of alienation experienced by the transgender community when their gender
    identity was denied through the use of gender markers on SEPTA passes. By drawing
    attention to this issue, RAGE worked to reverse the anomie felt by these individuals and
    reinstate social norms that recognized and respected transgender identities.

    The RAGE campaign aligns with both Tilly’s and Gurr’s theoretical frameworks by
    addressing structural violence, relative deprivation, and social exclusion through
    nonviolent means. By engaging in symbolic protests, public interventions, and creating
    an alternative discourse around gender identity, RAGE’s actions helped to transform the
    conflict between transgender activists and SEPTA. Rather than escalating to violent
    tactics, they used strategic nonviolent methods that contributed to the constructive
    transformation of the conflict, ultimately leading to the removal of the gender markers on
    SEPTA passes in 2013. This campaign serves as a powerful example of how nonviolent
    resistance can address underlying social issues and foster long-term change.

    ● Reply to post from Rhiannon Miller
    ● Reply
    ● Mark as Unread
    ● Mark as Unread

    Miruslaba Quezada
    Feb 18 9:27pm| Last edited Feb 18 9:33pm| Last reply Feb 18 10:01pm
    Manage Discussion by Miruslaba Quezada

    Reply from Miruslaba Quezada

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/56976](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/56976)

    The article that i chose for my Dropbox assignment is an article on the mass
    deportations that are going on right now, the article addresses the struggles that families
    are going through and the peaceful protests that are going on in some places right now.
    Such as the walkouts for immigrants like student led protests against anti immigration
    policies in the US. This connects to multiple frameworks that we have spoken about in
    this class such as protests, strikes and symbolic acts, which all tie to the walkouts.

    Some examples of concepts previously discussed about in the course are examples
    such as

    Promoting empathy and dialogue

    I think protests create a space where thoughts can be shared and heard, this makes it
    so the problem that is being faced can be shared in a way where the people causing
    this problem can hear the communities concerns and create a space that contributes to
    conversation isntead of violence and rebellion

    Conflict transformation

    Johan galtungs concept of conflict transformation provides a view where we can
    analyze these walkouts. This is because it focuses on adressing the root of a problem
    and even causing contructive change rather than just solving immediate disputes.
    These walkouts serve the community by symbolizing the systemic injustecis and
    advocating for policy changes.

    Collaborative actions

    Thse immigration walkouts are great example of collaborative actions because they
    involve communities getting together and working to a common goal. By working
    together people create a larger movement that educates the public and pushes for
    systemic change.

    By engaging in nonviolent actions people can participate in projects that create a
    broader societal reflection on immigration policies. This will help build a base for
    long-term social and political transformations.

    Overall, the immigration walkouts serve as a powerful tool that demostrates nonviolent
    resistance that creates a space for empathy that encourages meaningful conversation
    and sharing of knowledge. by connecting some of these concepts into the article it
    creates a way to see the impacts that nonviolent actions can also push for change and
    bring communities with the same beliefs together. in the end these protests help
    contribute into a bigger broader societal reflection on immigration policies laying a
    foundation for long-term change and even political transformation.

    Article used:

    Quiñones Wolfson, S. (2025, February 5). Why L.A. students walked out of school and
    protested mass deportations. Los Angeles Times.
    https://www.latimes.com/delos/story/2025-02-04/student-walkouts-immigrant-protest-los
    -angeles

    – Reply from Rhiannon Miller
    – Reply from Miruslaba Quezada

    **## Untitleddocument71.pdf**

    Class Discussion – Week 7

    Connect the example you found for your Dropbox assignment to a reading or concept
    previously covered in the course. Discuss how the nonviolent actions depicted in your
    chosen campaign contribute to the constructive transformation of conflicts within the
    frameworks or theoretical perspectives we've explored so far.

    Reply to these examples with 100 words each
    Rhiannon Miller (She/her)
    Feb 18 9:56pm
    Manage Discussion by Rhiannon Miller

    Reply from Rhiannon Miller

    I will connect the Riders Against Gender Exclusion (RAGE) campaign to the theoretical
    perspectives covered in our readings, particularly focusing on Tilly's framework of
    collective violence and Gurr’s concept of relative deprivation.

    Tilly’s (2003) conceptualization of collective violence focuses on how group actions,
    motivated by grievances, can escalate into violent conflicts. However, the RAGE
    campaign is a strong example of how nonviolent actions can serve as an alternative to
    collective violence while still addressing grievances. In this case, transgender activists
    were responding to the structural violence faced by gender non-conforming individuals
    using SEPTA's transit system due to the discriminatory policy of gender markers on
    passes. Rather than resorting to physical violence, RAGE used collective nonviolent
    tactics, including symbolic protests and strategic community mobilization, to challenge
    SEPTA’s policies. This aligns with Tilly’s idea that grievances can lead to contentious
    politics, but in this case, nonviolent methods allowed the activists to transform the
    conflict constructively, without resorting to violence.

    Tilly also identifies several mechanisms that contribute to collective violence, including
    relational mechanisms like polarization and boundary activation. The RAGE campaign
    exemplifies this with the way it framed the conflict—dividing the "us" (transgender and
    gender non-conforming people) against the "them" (SEPTA management). This division
    strengthened the sense of solidarity within the LGBTQ+ community and sharpened the
    focus on SEPTA as an adversary, making the “us” and “them” distinction clearer.
    Through direct action and public pressure, they also brokered relationships with city
    officials, which contributed to eventual success in having the gender markers removed.
    This illustrates Tilly's relational mechanism of connecting previously separate social
    sites to create alliances, further intensifying the campaign's momentum.

    Gurr's (1970) theory of relative deprivation explains how perceived discrepancies
    between societal expectations and personal capabilities can lead to unrest. In the case

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682)

    of RAGE, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals faced a deep sense of
    relative deprivation due to the social barriers imposed by SEPTA's gender marker
    policy. This policy, by misrepresenting their gender identity, heightened the sense of
    marginalization and exclusion from society’s norms. The activists, who saw this policy
    as a denial of their rightful participation in public life, were reacting to this deprivation of
    their identity and dignity.

    In Gurr’s framework, the concept of aspirational deprivation is key, where individuals are
    angered by the inability to achieve new or intensified expectations. For transgender
    individuals, the SEPTA policy represented a failure of society to accommodate and
    respect their gender identity, creating a gap between what they expected (dignity,
    recognition) and what they received (discrimination and exclusion). By organizing
    protests, holding public forums, and staging symbolic acts like "SEPTA is a Drag,"
    RAGE directly addressed this perceived deprivation and aimed to shift societal norms
    toward greater inclusivity and respect. Gurr’s focus on anomie—where breakdowns in
    social norms lead to feelings of uncertainty and disillusionment—resonates with the
    feelings of alienation experienced by the transgender community when their gender
    identity was denied through the use of gender markers on SEPTA passes. By drawing
    attention to this issue, RAGE worked to reverse the anomie felt by these individuals and
    reinstate social norms that recognized and respected transgender identities.

    The RAGE campaign aligns with both Tilly’s and Gurr’s theoretical frameworks by
    addressing structural violence, relative deprivation, and social exclusion through
    nonviolent means. By engaging in symbolic protests, public interventions, and creating
    an alternative discourse around gender identity, RAGE’s actions helped to transform the
    conflict between transgender activists and SEPTA. Rather than escalating to violent
    tactics, they used strategic nonviolent methods that contributed to the constructive
    transformation of the conflict, ultimately leading to the removal of the gender markers on
    SEPTA passes in 2013. This campaign serves as a powerful example of how nonviolent
    resistance can address underlying social issues and foster long-term change.

    ● Reply to post from Rhiannon Miller
    ● Reply
    ● Mark as Unread
    ● Mark as Unread

    Miruslaba Quezada
    Feb 18 9:27pm| Last edited Feb 18 9:33pm| Last reply Feb 18 10:01pm
    Manage Discussion by Miruslaba Quezada

    Reply from Miruslaba Quezada

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/56976](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/56976)

    The article that i chose for my Dropbox assignment is an article on the mass
    deportations that are going on right now, the article addresses the struggles that families
    are going through and the peaceful protests that are going on in some places right now.
    Such as the walkouts for immigrants like student led protests against anti immigration
    policies in the US. This connects to multiple frameworks that we have spoken about in
    this class such as protests, strikes and symbolic acts, which all tie to the walkouts.

    Some examples of concepts previously discussed about in the course are examples
    such as

    Promoting empathy and dialogue

    I think protests create a space where thoughts can be shared and heard, this makes it
    so the problem that is being faced can be shared in a way where the people causing
    this problem can hear the communities concerns and create a space that contributes to
    conversation isntead of violence and rebellion

    Conflict transformation

    Johan galtungs concept of conflict transformation provides a view where we can
    analyze these walkouts. This is because it focuses on adressing the root of a problem
    and even causing contructive change rather than just solving immediate disputes.
    These walkouts serve the community by symbolizing the systemic injustecis and
    advocating for policy changes.

    Collaborative actions

    Thse immigration walkouts are great example of collaborative actions because they
    involve communities getting together and working to a common goal. By working
    together people create a larger movement that educates the public and pushes for
    systemic change.

    By engaging in nonviolent actions people can participate in projects that create a
    broader societal reflection on immigration policies. This will help build a base for
    long-term social and political transformations.

    Overall, the immigration walkouts serve as a powerful tool that demostrates nonviolent
    resistance that creates a space for empathy that encourages meaningful conversation
    and sharing of knowledge. by connecting some of these concepts into the article it
    creates a way to see the impacts that nonviolent actions can also push for change and
    bring communities with the same beliefs together. in the end these protests help
    contribute into a bigger broader societal reflection on immigration policies laying a
    foundation for long-term change and even political transformation.

    Article used:

    Quiñones Wolfson, S. (2025, February 5). Why L.A. students walked out of school and
    protested mass deportations. Los Angeles Times.
    https://www.latimes.com/delos/story/2025-02-04/student-walkouts-immigrant-protest-los
    -angeles

    – Reply from Rhiannon Miller
    – Reply from Miruslaba Quezada

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