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**175 words each** Discussion post 1 Social media platforms vary widely in how effective they are at getting users to share information or personal experiences, and a lot of that comes down to design, algorithms, and the psychological cues built into each app. Some platforms, like Instagram, TikTok,…

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**175 words each**
Discussion post 1
Social media platforms vary widely in how effective they are at getting users to share information or personal experiences, and a lot of that comes down to design, algorithms, and the psychological cues built into each app. Some platforms, like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat, use visually driven interfaces and quick feedback loops that make sharing feel almost effortless. The moment I post something, I get likes, reactions, or comments, which creates a sense of instant connection and reward. Their algorithms are also built to push forward content that sparks engagement, so when I see other people sharing their stories, trends, or personal moments, it subtly encourages me to participate too. Meanwhile, platforms like Reddit or Facebook groups get people to share because of community structures when I’m in a space where people have similar interests or experiences, it feels safer and more meaningful to contribute. Social media definitely has some positive influences on communication and relationships. One big benefit I’ve personally noticed is how easy it makes keeping in touch with friends and family who live far away. Even a quick comment or shared post makes me feel like I’m still part of their daily lives. Another positive influence is the sense of community it can create. I’ve found valuable groups and online spaces where people offer support, advice, and encouragement, which can be genuinely reassuring when dealing with something I don’t want to talk about in person. But there are also clear downsides. One negative influence is how easily communication becomes shallow or fragmented sometimes it feels like everyone is talking, but nobody is really connecting. Another negative effect is on self-image. It’s hard not to compare myself to other people’s perfectly curated photos or highlight reels, and even when I know it’s filtered or edited, it can still mess with my mood or confidence. For me personally, I’d say my experience with social media has been a mix, but the scale tilts depending on how I’m using it at the time. When I set limits, follow accounts that inspire or educate me, and use it mainly to stay connected, I feel like I gain more benefits than drawbacks. But if I slip into long periods of scrolling or comparing myself to others, that’s when I really notice the disadvantages things like stress, distraction, or feeling disconnected from my real-life experiences. Overall, it’s been a tool that can help or harm depending on my choices, so I try to stay mindful about how I interact with it.
Discussion post 2
Hi all!
Social media platforms differ in how effectively they encourage users to share information because of their design and algorithms. Platforms like TikTok and Instagram rely heavily on recommendation systems that push highly engaging, visual content to users, which creates instant feedback and encourages more posting. According to Boyd (2014), platform architecture shapes how people interact by setting norms for what types of content are most visible and rewarded. When users feel their posts will reach audiences quickly or go viral, they are more motivated to share frequently. Social media also has several positive effects on communication. First, it helps maintain relationships across long distances by making communication immediate and accessible. Second, it allows people to find communities of support based on shared interests or life experiences, which can strengthen a sense of belonging. However, there are also negative influences. Social media can contribute to lower self-esteem due to constant comparison with curated photos and lifestyles. It can also reduce the depth of communication, replacing meaningful conversations with quick likes, short comments, or superficial interactions. Personally, I’ve experienced both benefits and drawbacks, but overall, social media has been more helpful than harmful. It has helped me stay connected and grow my small pest control business by making it easier to reach customers and showcase services. At the same time, I’m mindful of the stress and negativity that sometimes come with being online.
Reference
Boyd, D. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.

November 5, 2026
[Solved] W6

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November 5, 2026
[Solved] Unit VI Treatment Plan

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see attached – ## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx – ## UnitVIFundamentals.docx – ## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx **## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx** **Make sure you complete all parts of the assignment!** ## Lindsey Lindsey was 14 when her home burned down in a serious fire …

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see attached

– ## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx

– ## UnitVIFundamentals.docx

– ## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx

**## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx**

**Make sure you complete all parts of the assignment!**

## Lindsey

Lindsey was 14 when her home burned down in a serious fire after a row of homes in the city was set afire by a teenage arsonist. Until the fire, she had been a good student and enjoyed school. After the fire, she began to lose interest in her schoolwork and her grades plummeted. Lindsey's mother brought her into the case management unit complaining that Lindsey was depressed and needed attention. Before the fire Lindsey had often talked of going to college, and her mother worried that Lindsey's goals would soon be lost if she continued to do poorly in school. The case manager listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were "responsible for replacement of any damaged books".

**Part 1: Complete a new referral/inquiry form with the above information. You can type directly into the required form, save and upload or submit a similar form of your own.**

During the first interview, the case manager (you) listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were “responsible for the replacement of any damaged books”.

**Part 2: Create a list of items that will be included in the service/treatment plan.**

**Part 3: Develop an initial service/treatment plan (like the one in your textbook) for Lindsey. You should include a minimum of 5 items in the service/treatment plan that you submit.**

**1.**

**2.**

**3.**

**4.**

**5.**

**## UnitVIFundamentals.docx**

## Unit VI **Fundamentals / Case Management**

TREATMENT PLAN ASSIGNMENT: (Complete the Following Instructions
)

For every person we see we must create a service or treatment plan that specifically addresses that person's needs. In addition, this plan must specifically address the direction the individual states he/she wants to go. No two plans should be exactly alike because people can have the same problems but react to them differently.

When creating plans, always involve the client as well as the client's family when appropriate. Plans without client input are not acceptable. As people discuss their problems and the issues they feel should be addressed, you can generate general goals for them that will become part of the plan. Once you have some ideas about goals, share your ideas with them and always ask for their opinions and additions.

The client represents an individual from case management with children and their families. Remember the ecological model, the child's point of view, respect for children, prevention efforts and recognize children are one of our most vulnerable populations – careful attention must be paid to their protection.

For the following client, complete the following:

1) Create a new referral/inquiry sheet (note: you may need to create information such as address, phone, etc. for the client). I'm attaching an example of what a referral sheet looks like, but in the end you can submit any referral form you have.

2) Create a list of items that will be included on the clients formal service plan.

3. Create a service/treatment plan and submit a document similar to the one in your textbook for your client and include the items in the instructions. Again, you can use any treatment plan form you have within your own agency or one you find online, or simply follow the sample given in your textbook (not in paragraph form). The treatment plan itself should be like the one in your text on pages 370-371 and also, located in the back of your text in Appendix C on pages 480-481 for number 3.

**## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx**

**Wildwood Case Management Unit**

**Referral Notification Form**

**SOCIAL SERVICE REC**#: _____
**LAST NAME**: ________________
**FIRST NAME**: ______________________
**DOB**: ____/____/____

**INSURANCE INFORMATION (Circle Answer)**: NO INSURANCE/UPHP/MEDICAID/BCBS/MEDICARE

**ADDRESS**: ____________________________________________________________________________
**ZIP CODE**: ______________
**PHONE**: ___________________________
**CELL**: ______________________
**DATE OF REFERRAL**: _________/_________/_________

**REASON FOR REFERRAL** □ SUBSTANCE ABUSE □ HOME SAFETY □ ORAL HEALTH □ MENTAL HEALTH □ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE □ TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION □ MEDICAL PROVIDER □ TOBACCO CESSATION □ EARLY HEAD START □ PRENATAL HEALTH EDUCATION □ HOME VISITING PROGRAM □ OTHER REASON FOR REFERRAL: ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
**REFERRED TO**:
**AGENCY**: _________________
**CONTACT NAME**: _________________________________
**ADDRESS**: ________________________________________
**PHONE**: _____________________________
**REFERRED BY**: ________________________________________
**DATE**: ___________________________
**PHONE**: ____________________________________________ The importance of attending my referral has been explained to me. I understand that Wildwood Social Services will not assume responsibility as a result of my not attending my referral.

**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**DATE**:_________/_________/_________

**FOLLOW-UP OUTCOME**: _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decline service referral:
**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**Referral Status (Circle the Appropriate Decision)**: Denied Community Resource / No Longer Applicable / Obtained Community Resource / Pending Community Resource / Refused Community Resource / Other (Specify) _____________________________________________________________________________

**## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx**

**Wildwood Case Management Unit**

**Referral Notification Form**

**SOCIAL SERVICE REC**#: _____
**LAST NAME**: ________________
**FIRST NAME**: ______________________
**DOB**: ____/____/____

**INSURANCE INFORMATION (Circle Answer)**: NO INSURANCE/UPHP/MEDICAID/BCBS/MEDICARE

**ADDRESS**: ____________________________________________________________________________
**ZIP CODE**: ______________
**PHONE**: ___________________________
**CELL**: ______________________
**DATE OF REFERRAL**: _________/_________/_________

**REASON FOR REFERRAL** □ SUBSTANCE ABUSE □ HOME SAFETY □ ORAL HEALTH □ MENTAL HEALTH □ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE □ TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION □ MEDICAL PROVIDER □ TOBACCO CESSATION □ EARLY HEAD START □ PRENATAL HEALTH EDUCATION □ HOME VISITING PROGRAM □ OTHER REASON FOR REFERRAL: ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
**REFERRED TO**:
**AGENCY**: _________________
**CONTACT NAME**: _________________________________
**ADDRESS**: ________________________________________
**PHONE**: _____________________________
**REFERRED BY**: ________________________________________
**DATE**: ___________________________
**PHONE**: ____________________________________________ The importance of attending my referral has been explained to me. I understand that Wildwood Social Services will not assume responsibility as a result of my not attending my referral.

**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**DATE**:_________/_________/_________

**FOLLOW-UP OUTCOME**: _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decline service referral:
**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**Referral Status (Circle the Appropriate Decision)**: Denied Community Resource / No Longer Applicable / Obtained Community Resource / Pending Community Resource / Refused Community Resource / Other (Specify) _____________________________________________________________________________

**## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx**

**Make sure you complete all parts of the assignment!**

## Lindsey

Lindsey was 14 when her home burned down in a serious fire after a row of homes in the city was set afire by a teenage arsonist. Until the fire, she had been a good student and enjoyed school. After the fire, she began to lose interest in her schoolwork and her grades plummeted. Lindsey's mother brought her into the case management unit complaining that Lindsey was depressed and needed attention. Before the fire Lindsey had often talked of going to college, and her mother worried that Lindsey's goals would soon be lost if she continued to do poorly in school. The case manager listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were "responsible for replacement of any damaged books".

**Part 1: Complete a new referral/inquiry form with the above information. You can type directly into the required form, save and upload or submit a similar form of your own.**

During the first interview, the case manager (you) listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were “responsible for the replacement of any damaged books”.

**Part 2: Create a list of items that will be included in the service/treatment plan.**

**Part 3: Develop an initial service/treatment plan (like the one in your textbook) for Lindsey. You should include a minimum of 5 items in the service/treatment plan that you submit.**

**1.**

**2.**

**3.**

**4.**

**5.**

**## UnitVIFundamentals.docx**

## Unit VI **Fundamentals / Case Management**

TREATMENT PLAN ASSIGNMENT: (Complete the Following Instructions
)

For every person we see we must create a service or treatment plan that specifically addresses that person's needs. In addition, this plan must specifically address the direction the individual states he/she wants to go. No two plans should be exactly alike because people can have the same problems but react to them differently.

When creating plans, always involve the client as well as the client's family when appropriate. Plans without client input are not acceptable. As people discuss their problems and the issues they feel should be addressed, you can generate general goals for them that will become part of the plan. Once you have some ideas about goals, share your ideas with them and always ask for their opinions and additions.

The client represents an individual from case management with children and their families. Remember the ecological model, the child's point of view, respect for children, prevention efforts and recognize children are one of our most vulnerable populations – careful attention must be paid to their protection.

For the following client, complete the following:

1) Create a new referral/inquiry sheet (note: you may need to create information such as address, phone, etc. for the client). I'm attaching an example of what a referral sheet looks like, but in the end you can submit any referral form you have.

2) Create a list of items that will be included on the clients formal service plan.

3. Create a service/treatment plan and submit a document similar to the one in your textbook for your client and include the items in the instructions. Again, you can use any treatment plan form you have within your own agency or one you find online, or simply follow the sample given in your textbook (not in paragraph form). The treatment plan itself should be like the one in your text on pages 370-371 and also, located in the back of your text in Appendix C on pages 480-481 for number 3.

**## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx**

**Wildwood Case Management Unit**

**Referral Notification Form**

**SOCIAL SERVICE REC**#: _____
**LAST NAME**: ________________
**FIRST NAME**: ______________________
**DOB**: ____/____/____

**INSURANCE INFORMATION (Circle Answer)**: NO INSURANCE/UPHP/MEDICAID/BCBS/MEDICARE

**ADDRESS**: ____________________________________________________________________________
**ZIP CODE**: ______________
**PHONE**: ___________________________
**CELL**: ______________________
**DATE OF REFERRAL**: _________/_________/_________

**REASON FOR REFERRAL** □ SUBSTANCE ABUSE □ HOME SAFETY □ ORAL HEALTH □ MENTAL HEALTH □ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE □ TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION □ MEDICAL PROVIDER □ TOBACCO CESSATION □ EARLY HEAD START □ PRENATAL HEALTH EDUCATION □ HOME VISITING PROGRAM □ OTHER REASON FOR REFERRAL: ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
**REFERRED TO**:
**AGENCY**: _________________
**CONTACT NAME**: _________________________________
**ADDRESS**: ________________________________________
**PHONE**: _____________________________
**REFERRED BY**: ________________________________________
**DATE**: ___________________________
**PHONE**: ____________________________________________ The importance of attending my referral has been explained to me. I understand that Wildwood Social Services will not assume responsibility as a result of my not attending my referral.

**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**DATE**:_________/_________/_________

**FOLLOW-UP OUTCOME**: _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decline service referral:
**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**Referral Status (Circle the Appropriate Decision)**: Denied Community Resource / No Longer Applicable / Obtained Community Resource / Pending Community Resource / Refused Community Resource / Other (Specify) _____________________________________________________________________________

**## UnitVI-LindseysCaseInstructions1.docx**

**Make sure you complete all parts of the assignment!**

## Lindsey

Lindsey was 14 when her home burned down in a serious fire after a row of homes in the city was set afire by a teenage arsonist. Until the fire, she had been a good student and enjoyed school. After the fire, she began to lose interest in her schoolwork and her grades plummeted. Lindsey's mother brought her into the case management unit complaining that Lindsey was depressed and needed attention. Before the fire Lindsey had often talked of going to college, and her mother worried that Lindsey's goals would soon be lost if she continued to do poorly in school. The case manager listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were "responsible for replacement of any damaged books".

**Part 1: Complete a new referral/inquiry form with the above information. You can type directly into the required form, save and upload or submit a similar form of your own.**

During the first interview, the case manager (you) listened to the mother and then talked at length with Lindsey. Lindsey explained that during the fire all her schoolbooks were lost, including notebooks with notes in them and her dictionary. School officials at the inner-city school had been reluctant to issue a new set of books because they rigidly adhered to a regulation that students got only one set a year and were “responsible for the replacement of any damaged books”.

**Part 2: Create a list of items that will be included in the service/treatment plan.**

**Part 3: Develop an initial service/treatment plan (like the one in your textbook) for Lindsey. You should include a minimum of 5 items in the service/treatment plan that you submit.**

**1.**

**2.**

**3.**

**4.**

**5.**

**## UnitVIFundamentals.docx**

## Unit VI **Fundamentals / Case Management**

TREATMENT PLAN ASSIGNMENT: (Complete the Following Instructions
)

For every person we see we must create a service or treatment plan that specifically addresses that person's needs. In addition, this plan must specifically address the direction the individual states he/she wants to go. No two plans should be exactly alike because people can have the same problems but react to them differently.

When creating plans, always involve the client as well as the client's family when appropriate. Plans without client input are not acceptable. As people discuss their problems and the issues they feel should be addressed, you can generate general goals for them that will become part of the plan. Once you have some ideas about goals, share your ideas with them and always ask for their opinions and additions.

The client represents an individual from case management with children and their families. Remember the ecological model, the child's point of view, respect for children, prevention efforts and recognize children are one of our most vulnerable populations – careful attention must be paid to their protection.

For the following client, complete the following:

1) Create a new referral/inquiry sheet (note: you may need to create information such as address, phone, etc. for the client). I'm attaching an example of what a referral sheet looks like, but in the end you can submit any referral form you have.

2) Create a list of items that will be included on the clients formal service plan.

3. Create a service/treatment plan and submit a document similar to the one in your textbook for your client and include the items in the instructions. Again, you can use any treatment plan form you have within your own agency or one you find online, or simply follow the sample given in your textbook (not in paragraph form). The treatment plan itself should be like the one in your text on pages 370-371 and also, located in the back of your text in Appendix C on pages 480-481 for number 3.

**## UnitViCaseManagementReferralForm5.docx**

**Wildwood Case Management Unit**

**Referral Notification Form**

**SOCIAL SERVICE REC**#: _____
**LAST NAME**: ________________
**FIRST NAME**: ______________________
**DOB**: ____/____/____

**INSURANCE INFORMATION (Circle Answer)**: NO INSURANCE/UPHP/MEDICAID/BCBS/MEDICARE

**ADDRESS**: ____________________________________________________________________________
**ZIP CODE**: ______________
**PHONE**: ___________________________
**CELL**: ______________________
**DATE OF REFERRAL**: _________/_________/_________

**REASON FOR REFERRAL** □ SUBSTANCE ABUSE □ HOME SAFETY □ ORAL HEALTH □ MENTAL HEALTH □ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE □ TEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION □ MEDICAL PROVIDER □ TOBACCO CESSATION □ EARLY HEAD START □ PRENATAL HEALTH EDUCATION □ HOME VISITING PROGRAM □ OTHER REASON FOR REFERRAL: ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
**REFERRED TO**:
**AGENCY**: _________________
**CONTACT NAME**: _________________________________
**ADDRESS**: ________________________________________
**PHONE**: _____________________________
**REFERRED BY**: ________________________________________
**DATE**: ___________________________
**PHONE**: ____________________________________________ The importance of attending my referral has been explained to me. I understand that Wildwood Social Services will not assume responsibility as a result of my not attending my referral.

**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**DATE**:_________/_________/_________

**FOLLOW-UP OUTCOME**: _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I decline service referral:
**CLIENT SIGNATURE**: ____________________________________

**Referral Status (Circle the Appropriate Decision)**: Denied Community Resource / No Longer Applicable / Obtained Community Resource / Pending Community Resource / Refused Community Resource / Other (Specify) _____________________________________________________________________________

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November 5, 2026
[Solved] Repost

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The answers to the weekly discussion questions must be substantial, meaning fully answering the question(s) with examples (qualitative) and writing at least 300 words (quantitative). Lastly, a question must be posed to the course professor and peer(s) in your initial discussion board post. C&P Quest…

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Assignment Prompt & Instructions

The answers to the weekly discussion questions must be substantial, meaning fully answering the question(s) with examples (qualitative) and writing at least 300 words (quantitative). Lastly, a question must be posed to the course professor and peer(s) in your initial discussion board post.
C&P
Question 1
Which of the many reentry challenges that ex-prisoners face seems most likely to contribute to increased offending rather than desistance? Which ones seem most amenable to policy intervention in ways that would improve rather than worsen reentry outcomes?
Primary Literature for question 1
Garland, B., Wodahl, E., & Cota, L. (2016). Measuring public support for prisoner reentry options. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(12), 1406-1424.
Schanzenbach, D. W., Nunn, R., Bauer, L., Breitwieser, A., Mumford, M., & Nantz, G. (2016). Twelve facts about incarceration and prisoner reentry. Hamilton Project.
Visher, C. A., Lattimore, P. K., Barrick, K., & Tueller, S. (2017). Evaluating the long-term effects of prisoner reentry services on recidivism: What types of services matter?. Justice Quarterly, 34(1), 136-165.
Weisburd, D., Farrington, D. P., & Gill, C. (2017). What works in crime prevention and rehabilitation: An assessment of systematic reviews. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(2), 415-449
Question 2
Discussion Question:
Discuss the importance of internal and external validity. Select an evaluation from extant literature and tell us how they preserved internal and external validity in their research design
Reading for Question 2
Practical Program Evaluation for Criminal Justice. Vito & Higgins (2014). Chapter 6
Hyatt, J. M., & Ostermann, M. (2019). Better to stay home: Evaluating the impact of day reporting centers on offending. Crime & Delinquency, 65(1), 94-121.
Bottcher, J., & Ezell, M. E. (2005). Examining the effectiveness of boot camps: A randomized experiment with a long-term follow up. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42(3), 309-332.
Sherman, L. W., & Harris, H. M. (2015). Increased death rates of domestic violence victims from arresting vs. warning suspects in the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment (MilDVE). Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11(1), 1-20.
Gaffney, H., Jolliffe, D., Eggins, E., Ferreira, J. G., Skinner, G., Ariel, B., & Strang, H. (2024). Protocol: The effect of restorative justice interventions for young people on offending and reoffending: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 20(2), 1-20.
Weblinks
How to Conduct a Systematic Review [https://www.lib.uwo.ca/tutorials/how_to_perform_a_systematic_review/index.html](https://www.lib.uwo.ca/tutorials/how_to_perform_a_systematic_review/index.html)
Systematic Review Lib Guide [Steps of a Systematic Review – Systematic Review – Research Guides at University of Maryland Libraries](https://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/steps)

November 5, 2026
[Solved] LITERATURE REVIEW

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– ## EEX6848Assignment6.docx **## EEX6848Assignment6.docx** TASK 1: **Publishing with co-authors** Based on at least 5 articles of your choice (which CAN include some articles from the course combined with some of your own), develop a review of the literature on at-risk areas in Special Education. A…

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– ## EEX6848Assignment6.docx

**## EEX6848Assignment6.docx**

TASK 1:

**Publishing with co-authors**

Based on at least 5 articles of your choice (which CAN include some articles from the course combined with some of your own), develop a review of the literature on at-risk areas in Special Education. A review of the literature is not a summary, but rather your evaluations of the topics discussed grounded on the research. You are expected to follow the publication process, co-write with peers, and submit your work for publication. Be sure to include:

| | |
| — | — |
| Rubric | Points |
| Introduction of the topic: What is it? Why is it important to examine this topic? | 10 Points |
| Your perspectives on specific suggestions or findings from the readings. * Note: Keep in mind that your perspectives must be grounded on other existing research. Accordingly, you will be expected to conduct research and site as applicable. | 20 Points |
| Conclusion: What are your recommendations/suggestions? | 10 Points |
| Editing and Publication of Literature Review | 10 Points |
| TOTAL | 50 Points |

TOPICS THAT WERE IN MODULE:

· HIGH LEVERAGE PRACTICES AND EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICES

· PRACTICE- BASED LEARNING OPPORTUNITY

· SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL/BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION PLAN

· CRITICAL ISSUEES AND TRENDS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION

·

**## EEX6848Assignment6.docx**

TASK 1:

**Publishing with co-authors**

Based on at least 5 articles of your choice (which CAN include some articles from the course combined with some of your own), develop a review of the literature on at-risk areas in Special Education. A review of the literature is not a summary, but rather your evaluations of the topics discussed grounded on the research. You are expected to follow the publication process, co-write with peers, and submit your work for publication. Be sure to include:

| | |
| — | — |
| Rubric | Points |
| Introduction of the topic: What is it? Why is it important to examine this topic? | 10 Points |
| Your perspectives on specific suggestions or findings from the readings. * Note: Keep in mind that your perspectives must be grounded on other existing research. Accordingly, you will be expected to conduct research and site as applicable. | 20 Points |
| Conclusion: What are your recommendations/suggestions? | 10 Points |
| Editing and Publication of Literature Review | 10 Points |
| TOTAL | 50 Points |

TOPICS THAT WERE IN MODULE:

· HIGH LEVERAGE PRACTICES AND EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICES

· PRACTICE- BASED LEARNING OPPORTUNITY

· SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL/BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION PLAN

· CRITICAL ISSUEES AND TRENDS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION

·

November 5, 2026
[Solved] MArketing strategy

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– ## CaterpillarCase.docx **## CaterpillarCase.docx** ![Text Description automatically generated](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/marketing-strategy-20950769) ![Text Description automatically generated](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/marketing-strategy-20950769) ![Timeline Description aut…

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– ## CaterpillarCase.docx

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November 5, 2026
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– ## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx – ## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf **## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx** For this assignment you will submit Part One of your proposal, detailing a health problem that is prevalent within your selected group and demonstrating your research of health promotio…

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Assignment Prompt & Instructions

– ## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx

– ## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf

**## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx**

For this assignment you will submit Part One of your proposal, detailing a health problem that is

prevalent within your selected group and demonstrating your research of health promotion strategies for

addressing this specific health problem. At this point, you already developed in your discussions the core ideas of the topic contained in this assignment. You will use the same information, but it won’t be a copy-and-paste exercise. The purpose is that you enhance your ideas with the comments and outcomes of the weekly discussions and previous evaluations.

Directions

1. Introduction. Describe the health problem. Don't type "Introduction".  (1 paragraph at least).

Using data and statistics, support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem.

What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program?

Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.

2. Describe the vulnerable population.  (1-3 paragraphs).

What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population?

Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.

3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals (at least 2) of evidence-based interventions that address the problem. (2 paragraphs, one for each article).

After completing a literature search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. (2-3 paragraphs).

4. Select and present an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical or conceptual model that best serves as the guiding framework for the proposal.  (2-3 paragraphs).

For this assignment, a conclusion paragraph is not required.

Writing Assignment Requirements

Three to five pages in length (excluding title page, references, and appendices)

Follow APA format

Cite a minimum of 6 references

Please review the rubric prior to submission.

**## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf**

1

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Anisleidy Alvarez

Florida national University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

November 8, 2025

2

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Hypertension is a widespread and extremely important public health problem given its

wide-ranging impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be

asymptomatic for many individuals, yet it plays a significant role in heart disease, stroke, kidney

failure, and other critical health conditions. Given its high prevalence and the fact that control is

still suboptimal, hypertension is a major burden to health systems and individual quality of life

(Goorani et al. 2024). Importantly, differences are present in the occurrence, recognition,

management, and regulation across racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries,

emphasizing the necessity for health promotion and prevention initiatives to address both clinical

health aspects and social determinants of health. The substantial health impact of hypertension

provides a rationale for the choice of this condition for implementation in a health promotion

program that addresses the issues of disparities at multiple levels.

Global Relevance

Globally, hypertension is becoming a major global burden of disease-causing millions of

deaths per year associated with cardiovascular disease. Although the occurrence of uncontrolled

BP differs globally and regionally, in low and middle-income countries, a growing burden of

uncontrolled BP is associated with low access to care and resources (Schutte et al., 2021).

Almost half of hypertensive adults worldwide are unaware of their condition, elevating their risk.

(CDC, 2025). This is a global issue, which contributes to the underdevelopment of multinational

and cross-culture strategies for blood pressure awareness and control. International screening,

education and standardized treatment protocols are important because hypertension is usually

"silent." The international nature of hypertension makes it clear that while the previous efforts to

3

address it through local interventions are very important, the international nature of the problem

requires coordination across health systems.

National Level

At the national level in the US, however, the prevalence of hypertension has remained

alarmingly high. According to data available for August 2021-August 2023, nearly 1 in 2 US

adults had hypertension (defined as >=130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication) at 47.7

percent (Fryar et al., 2024). The rates of awareness, treatment, and control remain below optimal

levels. For instance, only one-fifth of adults with hypertension achieved blood pressure control

below 130/80 mm Hg during the specified period. Racial and ethnic disparities persist: non-

Hispanic Black individuals experience higher rates of hypertension compared to non-Hispanic

White or Hispanic individuals (48.8 percent versus 37.6 percent and 27.9 percent, respectively)

and face challenges with controlling blood pressure (Sells et al., 2023). These disparities are

linked to socioeconomic status and educational accomplishment, and access to care. For

example, poverty and lower education are associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly in

Black and Hispanic adults. Given the prevalence, poor control, and inequities in control and

treatment, a national health promotion strategy targeting understanding, screening, access, and

control is clearly needed.

Local Level

At a more localized level, within the state of Florida, hypertension continues to pose a

significant concern with spatial and social segregation. A recent data set shows that 35.9 percent

of Florida adults reported having been told by a health professional that they had high BP.

(America’s Health Ranking, 2023). Among federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida

4

in 2017, the statewide average hypertension control rate was about 57 % with much lower

hypertension control rates (37.8 %-51.4 %) in the lowest tertile, occurring mostly in northern

Florida counties which also have higher rates of BP-related death (CDC, 2024). These data

characterize the communities of disparity within a single state: factors of geography,

socioeconomic, and access are at play in creating disparities. For a health-promotion endeavor in

Florida, targeting areas with low control rates as well as underserved populations and/or linkage

to primary care and community outreach would be directly relevant and warranted.

Conclusion

Given the widespread prevalence of hypertension around the world, as well as the high

prevalence of the condition in the United States as a whole, as well as the differences in

prevalence, control, and outcomes that are specific to the state of Florida, the argument in favor

of developing multilevel health promotion programs is persuasive. For programs to be

successful, they must be implemented on a global, national, and local scale. Several of the

promotion strategies have the potential to lessen the burden of hypertension and to reduce health

disparities. These strategies include addressing the social determinants of health, developing

greater access to screening and care, improving awareness and compliance, and tailoring the

intervention to the needs of populations that are underserved. Therefore, hypertension is a health

problem selection that is suitable for the construction of a health promotion program that will

span the global, national, and local levels, as well as the inequities that exist in the prevention

and control of the problem. Both of these levels will be addressed in the program.

5

References

America’s Health Ranking. (2023). Explore High Blood Pressure in Florida | AHR.

Americashealthrankings.org.

https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/measures/Hypertension/FL

CDC. (2024, August 28). Hypertension Control among Federally Qualified Health Centers

(FQHCs) and Hypertension Death Rates by County, Florida. Heart Disease and Stroke

Maps. https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke-data/data-vis/fl-hypertension-

fqhc.html

CDC. (2025, January 28). High blood pressure facts. High Blood Pressure.

https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

Fryar, C., Kit, B., Carroll, M., Afful, J., Warren, A., Zablotsky, B., Leadbetter, E., & Maitland,

A. (2024). Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control among Adults

Ages 18 and Older:United States, August 2021—August 2023. NCHS Data Brief, 511.

https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/164016

Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2024). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare

Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123–123.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

Schutte, A. E., Venkateshmurthy, N. S., Mohan, S., & Prabhakaran, D. (2021). Hypertension in

Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Circulation Research, 128(7), 808–826.

https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318729

Sells, M., Blum, E., Perry, G. S., Eke, P. I., & Presley-Cantrell, L. (2023). Excess Burden of

Poverty and Hypertension, by Race and Ethnicity, on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular

Disease. Preventing Chronic Disease, 20(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230065

**## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf**

1

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Anisleidy Alvarez

Florida national University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

November 8, 2025

2

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Hypertension is a widespread and extremely important public health problem given its

wide-ranging impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be

asymptomatic for many individuals, yet it plays a significant role in heart disease, stroke, kidney

failure, and other critical health conditions. Given its high prevalence and the fact that control is

still suboptimal, hypertension is a major burden to health systems and individual quality of life

(Goorani et al. 2024). Importantly, differences are present in the occurrence, recognition,

management, and regulation across racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries,

emphasizing the necessity for health promotion and prevention initiatives to address both clinical

health aspects and social determinants of health. The substantial health impact of hypertension

provides a rationale for the choice of this condition for implementation in a health promotion

program that addresses the issues of disparities at multiple levels.

Global Relevance

Globally, hypertension is becoming a major global burden of disease-causing millions of

deaths per year associated with cardiovascular disease. Although the occurrence of uncontrolled

BP differs globally and regionally, in low and middle-income countries, a growing burden of

uncontrolled BP is associated with low access to care and resources (Schutte et al., 2021).

Almost half of hypertensive adults worldwide are unaware of their condition, elevating their risk.

(CDC, 2025). This is a global issue, which contributes to the underdevelopment of multinational

and cross-culture strategies for blood pressure awareness and control. International screening,

education and standardized treatment protocols are important because hypertension is usually

"silent." The international nature of hypertension makes it clear that while the previous efforts to

3

address it through local interventions are very important, the international nature of the problem

requires coordination across health systems.

National Level

At the national level in the US, however, the prevalence of hypertension has remained

alarmingly high. According to data available for August 2021-August 2023, nearly 1 in 2 US

adults had hypertension (defined as >=130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication) at 47.7

percent (Fryar et al., 2024). The rates of awareness, treatment, and control remain below optimal

levels. For instance, only one-fifth of adults with hypertension achieved blood pressure control

below 130/80 mm Hg during the specified period. Racial and ethnic disparities persist: non-

Hispanic Black individuals experience higher rates of hypertension compared to non-Hispanic

White or Hispanic individuals (48.8 percent versus 37.6 percent and 27.9 percent, respectively)

and face challenges with controlling blood pressure (Sells et al., 2023). These disparities are

linked to socioeconomic status and educational accomplishment, and access to care. For

example, poverty and lower education are associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly in

Black and Hispanic adults. Given the prevalence, poor control, and inequities in control and

treatment, a national health promotion strategy targeting understanding, screening, access, and

control is clearly needed.

Local Level

At a more localized level, within the state of Florida, hypertension continues to pose a

significant concern with spatial and social segregation. A recent data set shows that 35.9 percent

of Florida adults reported having been told by a health professional that they had high BP.

(America’s Health Ranking, 2023). Among federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida

4

in 2017, the statewide average hypertension control rate was about 57 % with much lower

hypertension control rates (37.8 %-51.4 %) in the lowest tertile, occurring mostly in northern

Florida counties which also have higher rates of BP-related death (CDC, 2024). These data

characterize the communities of disparity within a single state: factors of geography,

socioeconomic, and access are at play in creating disparities. For a health-promotion endeavor in

Florida, targeting areas with low control rates as well as underserved populations and/or linkage

to primary care and community outreach would be directly relevant and warranted.

Conclusion

Given the widespread prevalence of hypertension around the world, as well as the high

prevalence of the condition in the United States as a whole, as well as the differences in

prevalence, control, and outcomes that are specific to the state of Florida, the argument in favor

of developing multilevel health promotion programs is persuasive. For programs to be

successful, they must be implemented on a global, national, and local scale. Several of the

promotion strategies have the potential to lessen the burden of hypertension and to reduce health

disparities. These strategies include addressing the social determinants of health, developing

greater access to screening and care, improving awareness and compliance, and tailoring the

intervention to the needs of populations that are underserved. Therefore, hypertension is a health

problem selection that is suitable for the construction of a health promotion program that will

span the global, national, and local levels, as well as the inequities that exist in the prevention

and control of the problem. Both of these levels will be addressed in the program.

5

References

America’s Health Ranking. (2023). Explore High Blood Pressure in Florida | AHR.

Americashealthrankings.org.

https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/measures/Hypertension/FL

CDC. (2024, August 28). Hypertension Control among Federally Qualified Health Centers

(FQHCs) and Hypertension Death Rates by County, Florida. Heart Disease and Stroke

Maps. https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke-data/data-vis/fl-hypertension-

fqhc.html

CDC. (2025, January 28). High blood pressure facts. High Blood Pressure.

https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

Fryar, C., Kit, B., Carroll, M., Afful, J., Warren, A., Zablotsky, B., Leadbetter, E., & Maitland,

A. (2024). Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control among Adults

Ages 18 and Older:United States, August 2021—August 2023. NCHS Data Brief, 511.

https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/164016

Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2024). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare

Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123–123.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

Schutte, A. E., Venkateshmurthy, N. S., Mohan, S., & Prabhakaran, D. (2021). Hypertension in

Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Circulation Research, 128(7), 808–826.

https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318729

Sells, M., Blum, E., Perry, G. S., Eke, P. I., & Presley-Cantrell, L. (2023). Excess Burden of

Poverty and Hypertension, by Race and Ethnicity, on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular

Disease. Preventing Chronic Disease, 20(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230065

**## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx**

For this assignment you will submit Part One of your proposal, detailing a health problem that is

prevalent within your selected group and demonstrating your research of health promotion strategies for

addressing this specific health problem. At this point, you already developed in your discussions the core ideas of the topic contained in this assignment. You will use the same information, but it won’t be a copy-and-paste exercise. The purpose is that you enhance your ideas with the comments and outcomes of the weekly discussions and previous evaluations.

Directions

1. Introduction. Describe the health problem. Don't type "Introduction".  (1 paragraph at least).

Using data and statistics, support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem.

What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program?

Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.

2. Describe the vulnerable population.  (1-3 paragraphs).

What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population?

Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.

3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals (at least 2) of evidence-based interventions that address the problem. (2 paragraphs, one for each article).

After completing a literature search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. (2-3 paragraphs).

4. Select and present an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical or conceptual model that best serves as the guiding framework for the proposal.  (2-3 paragraphs).

For this assignment, a conclusion paragraph is not required.

Writing Assignment Requirements

Three to five pages in length (excluding title page, references, and appendices)

Follow APA format

Cite a minimum of 6 references

Please review the rubric prior to submission.

**## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf**

1

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Anisleidy Alvarez

Florida national University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

November 8, 2025

2

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Hypertension is a widespread and extremely important public health problem given its

wide-ranging impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be

asymptomatic for many individuals, yet it plays a significant role in heart disease, stroke, kidney

failure, and other critical health conditions. Given its high prevalence and the fact that control is

still suboptimal, hypertension is a major burden to health systems and individual quality of life

(Goorani et al. 2024). Importantly, differences are present in the occurrence, recognition,

management, and regulation across racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries,

emphasizing the necessity for health promotion and prevention initiatives to address both clinical

health aspects and social determinants of health. The substantial health impact of hypertension

provides a rationale for the choice of this condition for implementation in a health promotion

program that addresses the issues of disparities at multiple levels.

Global Relevance

Globally, hypertension is becoming a major global burden of disease-causing millions of

deaths per year associated with cardiovascular disease. Although the occurrence of uncontrolled

BP differs globally and regionally, in low and middle-income countries, a growing burden of

uncontrolled BP is associated with low access to care and resources (Schutte et al., 2021).

Almost half of hypertensive adults worldwide are unaware of their condition, elevating their risk.

(CDC, 2025). This is a global issue, which contributes to the underdevelopment of multinational

and cross-culture strategies for blood pressure awareness and control. International screening,

education and standardized treatment protocols are important because hypertension is usually

"silent." The international nature of hypertension makes it clear that while the previous efforts to

3

address it through local interventions are very important, the international nature of the problem

requires coordination across health systems.

National Level

At the national level in the US, however, the prevalence of hypertension has remained

alarmingly high. According to data available for August 2021-August 2023, nearly 1 in 2 US

adults had hypertension (defined as >=130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication) at 47.7

percent (Fryar et al., 2024). The rates of awareness, treatment, and control remain below optimal

levels. For instance, only one-fifth of adults with hypertension achieved blood pressure control

below 130/80 mm Hg during the specified period. Racial and ethnic disparities persist: non-

Hispanic Black individuals experience higher rates of hypertension compared to non-Hispanic

White or Hispanic individuals (48.8 percent versus 37.6 percent and 27.9 percent, respectively)

and face challenges with controlling blood pressure (Sells et al., 2023). These disparities are

linked to socioeconomic status and educational accomplishment, and access to care. For

example, poverty and lower education are associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly in

Black and Hispanic adults. Given the prevalence, poor control, and inequities in control and

treatment, a national health promotion strategy targeting understanding, screening, access, and

control is clearly needed.

Local Level

At a more localized level, within the state of Florida, hypertension continues to pose a

significant concern with spatial and social segregation. A recent data set shows that 35.9 percent

of Florida adults reported having been told by a health professional that they had high BP.

(America’s Health Ranking, 2023). Among federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida

4

in 2017, the statewide average hypertension control rate was about 57 % with much lower

hypertension control rates (37.8 %-51.4 %) in the lowest tertile, occurring mostly in northern

Florida counties which also have higher rates of BP-related death (CDC, 2024). These data

characterize the communities of disparity within a single state: factors of geography,

socioeconomic, and access are at play in creating disparities. For a health-promotion endeavor in

Florida, targeting areas with low control rates as well as underserved populations and/or linkage

to primary care and community outreach would be directly relevant and warranted.

Conclusion

Given the widespread prevalence of hypertension around the world, as well as the high

prevalence of the condition in the United States as a whole, as well as the differences in

prevalence, control, and outcomes that are specific to the state of Florida, the argument in favor

of developing multilevel health promotion programs is persuasive. For programs to be

successful, they must be implemented on a global, national, and local scale. Several of the

promotion strategies have the potential to lessen the burden of hypertension and to reduce health

disparities. These strategies include addressing the social determinants of health, developing

greater access to screening and care, improving awareness and compliance, and tailoring the

intervention to the needs of populations that are underserved. Therefore, hypertension is a health

problem selection that is suitable for the construction of a health promotion program that will

span the global, national, and local levels, as well as the inequities that exist in the prevention

and control of the problem. Both of these levels will be addressed in the program.

5

References

America’s Health Ranking. (2023). Explore High Blood Pressure in Florida | AHR.

Americashealthrankings.org.

https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/measures/Hypertension/FL

CDC. (2024, August 28). Hypertension Control among Federally Qualified Health Centers

(FQHCs) and Hypertension Death Rates by County, Florida. Heart Disease and Stroke

Maps. https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke-data/data-vis/fl-hypertension-

fqhc.html

CDC. (2025, January 28). High blood pressure facts. High Blood Pressure.

https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

Fryar, C., Kit, B., Carroll, M., Afful, J., Warren, A., Zablotsky, B., Leadbetter, E., & Maitland,

A. (2024). Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control among Adults

Ages 18 and Older:United States, August 2021—August 2023. NCHS Data Brief, 511.

https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/164016

Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2024). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare

Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123–123.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

Schutte, A. E., Venkateshmurthy, N. S., Mohan, S., & Prabhakaran, D. (2021). Hypertension in

Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Circulation Research, 128(7), 808–826.

https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318729

Sells, M., Blum, E., Perry, G. S., Eke, P. I., & Presley-Cantrell, L. (2023). Excess Burden of

Poverty and Hypertension, by Race and Ethnicity, on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular

Disease. Preventing Chronic Disease, 20(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230065

**## Forthisassignmentyouwillsubmit.docx**

For this assignment you will submit Part One of your proposal, detailing a health problem that is

prevalent within your selected group and demonstrating your research of health promotion strategies for

addressing this specific health problem. At this point, you already developed in your discussions the core ideas of the topic contained in this assignment. You will use the same information, but it won’t be a copy-and-paste exercise. The purpose is that you enhance your ideas with the comments and outcomes of the weekly discussions and previous evaluations.

Directions

1. Introduction. Describe the health problem. Don't type "Introduction".  (1 paragraph at least).

Using data and statistics, support your claim that the issue you selected is a problem.

What specifically will you address in your proposed health promotion program?

Be sure your proposed outcome is realistic and measurable.

2. Describe the vulnerable population.  (1-3 paragraphs).

What are the risk factors that make this a vulnerable population?

Use evidence to support the risk factors you have identified.

3. Provide a review of literature from scholarly journals (at least 2) of evidence-based interventions that address the problem. (2 paragraphs, one for each article).

After completing a literature search related to effective interventions for your chosen health promotion activity, write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found. (2-3 paragraphs).

4. Select and present an appropriate health promotion/disease prevention theoretical or conceptual model that best serves as the guiding framework for the proposal.  (2-3 paragraphs).

For this assignment, a conclusion paragraph is not required.

Writing Assignment Requirements

Three to five pages in length (excluding title page, references, and appendices)

Follow APA format

Cite a minimum of 6 references

Please review the rubric prior to submission.

**## HealthpromotionWeek2..pdf**

1

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Anisleidy Alvarez

Florida national University

Health Promotion & Role Development in Adv. Nursing Practice

Dr. Nora Hernandez-Pupo

November 8, 2025

2

Health Problem Proposal: Hypertension and Health Disparities

Hypertension is a widespread and extremely important public health problem given its

wide-ranging impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be

asymptomatic for many individuals, yet it plays a significant role in heart disease, stroke, kidney

failure, and other critical health conditions. Given its high prevalence and the fact that control is

still suboptimal, hypertension is a major burden to health systems and individual quality of life

(Goorani et al. 2024). Importantly, differences are present in the occurrence, recognition,

management, and regulation across racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries,

emphasizing the necessity for health promotion and prevention initiatives to address both clinical

health aspects and social determinants of health. The substantial health impact of hypertension

provides a rationale for the choice of this condition for implementation in a health promotion

program that addresses the issues of disparities at multiple levels.

Global Relevance

Globally, hypertension is becoming a major global burden of disease-causing millions of

deaths per year associated with cardiovascular disease. Although the occurrence of uncontrolled

BP differs globally and regionally, in low and middle-income countries, a growing burden of

uncontrolled BP is associated with low access to care and resources (Schutte et al., 2021).

Almost half of hypertensive adults worldwide are unaware of their condition, elevating their risk.

(CDC, 2025). This is a global issue, which contributes to the underdevelopment of multinational

and cross-culture strategies for blood pressure awareness and control. International screening,

education and standardized treatment protocols are important because hypertension is usually

"silent." The international nature of hypertension makes it clear that while the previous efforts to

3

address it through local interventions are very important, the international nature of the problem

requires coordination across health systems.

National Level

At the national level in the US, however, the prevalence of hypertension has remained

alarmingly high. According to data available for August 2021-August 2023, nearly 1 in 2 US

adults had hypertension (defined as >=130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication) at 47.7

percent (Fryar et al., 2024). The rates of awareness, treatment, and control remain below optimal

levels. For instance, only one-fifth of adults with hypertension achieved blood pressure control

below 130/80 mm Hg during the specified period. Racial and ethnic disparities persist: non-

Hispanic Black individuals experience higher rates of hypertension compared to non-Hispanic

White or Hispanic individuals (48.8 percent versus 37.6 percent and 27.9 percent, respectively)

and face challenges with controlling blood pressure (Sells et al., 2023). These disparities are

linked to socioeconomic status and educational accomplishment, and access to care. For

example, poverty and lower education are associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly in

Black and Hispanic adults. Given the prevalence, poor control, and inequities in control and

treatment, a national health promotion strategy targeting understanding, screening, access, and

control is clearly needed.

Local Level

At a more localized level, within the state of Florida, hypertension continues to pose a

significant concern with spatial and social segregation. A recent data set shows that 35.9 percent

of Florida adults reported having been told by a health professional that they had high BP.

(America’s Health Ranking, 2023). Among federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida

4

in 2017, the statewide average hypertension control rate was about 57 % with much lower

hypertension control rates (37.8 %-51.4 %) in the lowest tertile, occurring mostly in northern

Florida counties which also have higher rates of BP-related death (CDC, 2024). These data

characterize the communities of disparity within a single state: factors of geography,

socioeconomic, and access are at play in creating disparities. For a health-promotion endeavor in

Florida, targeting areas with low control rates as well as underserved populations and/or linkage

to primary care and community outreach would be directly relevant and warranted.

Conclusion

Given the widespread prevalence of hypertension around the world, as well as the high

prevalence of the condition in the United States as a whole, as well as the differences in

prevalence, control, and outcomes that are specific to the state of Florida, the argument in favor

of developing multilevel health promotion programs is persuasive. For programs to be

successful, they must be implemented on a global, national, and local scale. Several of the

promotion strategies have the potential to lessen the burden of hypertension and to reduce health

disparities. These strategies include addressing the social determinants of health, developing

greater access to screening and care, improving awareness and compliance, and tailoring the

intervention to the needs of populations that are underserved. Therefore, hypertension is a health

problem selection that is suitable for the construction of a health promotion program that will

span the global, national, and local levels, as well as the inequities that exist in the prevention

and control of the problem. Both of these levels will be addressed in the program.

5

References

America’s Health Ranking. (2023). Explore High Blood Pressure in Florida | AHR.

Americashealthrankings.org.

https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/measures/Hypertension/FL

CDC. (2024, August 28). Hypertension Control among Federally Qualified Health Centers

(FQHCs) and Hypertension Death Rates by County, Florida. Heart Disease and Stroke

Maps. https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-and-stroke-data/data-vis/fl-hypertension-

fqhc.html

CDC. (2025, January 28). High blood pressure facts. High Blood Pressure.

https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html

Fryar, C., Kit, B., Carroll, M., Afful, J., Warren, A., Zablotsky, B., Leadbetter, E., & Maitland,

A. (2024). Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control among Adults

Ages 18 and Older:United States, August 2021—August 2023. NCHS Data Brief, 511.

https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/164016

Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2024). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare

Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123–123.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

Schutte, A. E., Venkateshmurthy, N. S., Mohan, S., & Prabhakaran, D. (2021). Hypertension in

Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Circulation Research, 128(7), 808–826.

https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318729

Sells, M., Blum, E., Perry, G. S., Eke, P. I., & Presley-Cantrell, L. (2023). Excess Burden of

Poverty and Hypertension, by Race and Ethnicity, on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular

Disease. Preventing Chronic Disease, 20(20). https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.230065

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November 5, 2026
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**## ResearchJ.pdf**

Write a research paper in regards to a drug or drug therapy and explain in detail about
the study and why it is important. Include the following criteria:

Subject: Beta blocker therapy post myocardial infarction MI

● APA style, Cite the research article you are using to gather your research with
references

● 2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
● Must be about a drug or drug therapy, category is of your choosing

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Cite research article references
2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
Involve a drug or drug therapy of your choosing

– Rubric
– 2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
– Involve a drug or drug therapy of your choosing

**## ResearchJ.pdf**

Write a research paper in regards to a drug or drug therapy and explain in detail about
the study and why it is important. Include the following criteria:

Subject: Beta blocker therapy post myocardial infarction MI

● APA style, Cite the research article you are using to gather your research with
references

● 2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
● Must be about a drug or drug therapy, category is of your choosing

Rubric
Cite research article references
2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
Involve a drug or drug therapy of your choosing

– Rubric
– 2 page minimum (not including title and reference page)
– Involve a drug or drug therapy of your choosing

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**any use of AI will result in automatic 0** **Content area teachers often complain about students’ lack of writing skills and go on to remark it is not their job to teach students to read and write.** **Imagine you are meeting with a professional learning community (PLC) or team. Write an argument,…

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