Executive Solution Overview
I HAVE included – ## Paper1expoo.docx – ## INSTRUCTIONSPG.docx – ## NEEDDONE.docx – TEACHERCOMMENTS1.jpeg – TEACHERCOMMENTS2.jpeg – TEACHERCOMMENTS3.jpeg – TEACHERCOMMENTS4.jpeg – TEACHERCOMMENTS5.jpeg – PAPERUDID.docx **## Paper1expoo.docx** **Paper #1 (Exposition)** Paper #1 is an exposition. Expo…
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– ## Paper1expoo.docx
– ## INSTRUCTIONSPG.docx
– ## NEEDDONE.docx
– TEACHERCOMMENTS1.jpeg
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**## Paper1expoo.docx**
**Paper #1 (Exposition)**
Paper #1 is an exposition. Exposition is a form of writing where the main goal is explanation. It will be your job to find and narrow a topic sufficiently so that an in-depth discussion of it is possible in 5 – 8 pages, research that topic and document your research, write a carefully planned expository paper, and revise that paper to the proper academic standard
**.**
The topic you chose for this paper will be used for your second paper (argument) and the final paper (argument +). I sometimes allow students to change topics for the second paper (but you should check with me) because the first paper is primarily providing context for the arguments to come. What is transferred to paper #2 is usually introductory, and the paper provides you with a substantive understanding of the topic and the common knowledge involved.
Thesis statements obviously vary, but for the first paper, you will want something that allows you to explain as much as argue. This is sometimes called a
_soft argument_. For example, if I had chosen octopi as my broad topic, I might narrow things down to the unusual evolutionary development of octopi to allow for deeper exploration in the space allowed. The thesis statement might look something like this
_: “Octopuses and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_
**Due: Friday. 09/26 (at the end of the day) for full credit. After that, it is considered late and subject to a 5% penalty.**
There will be several steps to this, and particularly with this first paper, I will try to help you stay on track, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
·
Be 5 – 8 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three scholarly sources that go beyond foundational knowledge
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the thesis
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class and style type used.
**## INSTRUCTIONSPG.docx**
**INSTUCTIONS**
**Paper #2 (Argument)**
Paper #2 is an argument. This argument should have some connection to the exposition paper, but it should make a separate assertion that takes things further and requires more evidence. For example, if I had chosen the thesis statement
_“Octopi and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_ For Paper #1, then I might decide to narrow things to the nervous system for paper #2 because I’ve seen much more in the scholarly sources on this topic. In paper #1 I explained how octopuses diverged from other mollusks substantially and tied this in some ways to behaviors they have or niches they inhabit, To develop this idea I’ve come up with this thesis:
_“Darwin suggested that evolution was driven by survival of the fittest; if that’s true, then it seems that octopuses at some point found their survival dependent on increasing sophistication particularly in the evolution of their nervous system.”_ This might need to change as I move forward, but I do have a plan for how to move forward, broadly.
This paper should be 6 – 9 pages long and follow the instructions below. It is expected that some of what you’ve done will be integrated into paper #2 if only to provide introductory info. I have found a good way to start is to ask yourself if what you did in paper #1 could be condensed down (summarized briefly) into the introduction before the thesis statement for paper #2. That doesn’t mean that other parts might not be useful, but you should be taking information more than sections of text. Remember, you have a new thesis making a different type of claim, and you must stay focused on that.
There will be several steps to this, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
· Be 6-9 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three more scholarly sources (a total of six) that go beyond foundational knowledge and provide support for your thesis. Some of these new sources must be from peer reviewed journals.
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the topic
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class.
**## NEEDDONE.docx**
Carter3
Paper #1
Although the NBA was created in 1946, African Americans were excluded from playing until the year 1950. Once African American players were able to play, they displayed a massive, new, and intriguing way to play the game of basketball. Black people showed that their way of playing basketball was and is going to be the way everyone plays the game of basketball. Through their innovative playing styles, captivating performances, and advocacy for social change, African American basketball players have profoundly shaped the sports style, boosted its global popularity, and influenced culture both on and off the court.
Basketball was created in late 1891 by a man named James Naismith. James first introduced the sport to the community of what is now called Springfield College while he was an instructor there. As you can imagine, basketball was exceptionally different back then. It was originally used with a soccer ball with the different skills from American football, soccer, and hockey. When the game was first invented, teams had nine players, and the goal was a wooden basket nailed to the walls. Later, the game evolved to what it is now. Teams having 5 players became standard around 1897, it became an indoor and outdoor sport, and it also became popular between both men and women.
By 1895, many U.S colleges had adopted this sport which made it increasingly popular. Then by the 1950’s, basketball had become a major sport in college, which in turn paved the route for the growth of professional basketball. In 1949, two major leagues named the National Basketball League, and the Basketball Association of America later joined forces to create what is now the NBA (National Basketball Association). After the NBA was created, it was not popular until years after. This is mostly because once black people were allowed to join the league, they showed their distinctive styles of playing, their distinctive cultural ways on and off the court, and their distinctive swag on and off the court.
In 1950, once the blacks were allowed to join the league, Earl Lloyd changed the game forever by suiting up for the Washington Capitols. In a league that was previously talent judged by race, it had been completely shattered from the actions of one person. Earl Llyod. He proved that skill had no color— more importantly no race. Earl opened the door for many more African Americans to participate and earn their way to the league. By doing this, Earl was making a commanding statement by challenging old prejudices and sacrificing himself to prove people wrong. Lloyd’s impact goes way beyond his stats. He helped shape the NBA into a more inclusive and exciting place, paving the legacy of equality in the league. He was not just a player; he was a person who broke the NBA’s color barrier.
Black players have undeniably revolutionized basketball with their groundbreaking, exciting, and inventive style of play. Black players brought a new level of athleticism, creativity, and flair to the game. For instance, LeBron James is a world-renowned basketball player who has been competing at a high level for over twenty years in the NBA. He has shaped the game exclusively by his style of play by being dominant, his physicality, and his IQ. Many people respect LeBron James to the point that he is considered in the G.O.A.T conversation. Another great player who has shaped the game is Stephen Curry. Steph has altered the game in ways that people did not even believe was possible. At a certain point in the NBA, the goal was to get downhill, run somebody over, and put the ball in the hoop. In this generation, players are working on their footwork, dancing with the ball, and taking highly contested step back three pointers. Steph Curry is the reason for this. He converts on this so much that people want to be like him. Many people try to even do his celebrations. His “Night Night” celebration. His no look three celebration. It is honestly just ridiculous at how much Steph Curry has changed the game by just doing his strength— shooting the basketball. After Steph Curry, the NBA has seen a major increase in 3-point shots attempted. In 2010-2011, that percentage rose from 22.9% to 39.2% in the 2024-2025 season. From inventive shot making ability, crazy ball handling skills, and the acrobatic dunking, black people have consistently redefined what is possible on the court. This influence has not only shaped the sport in the United States but also has resonated globally, inspiring players and fans worldwide to embrace a more expensive and dynamic approach.
African Americans in basketball have used their visibility and name to advocate for change in several powerful ways to influence the world globally. Many have spoken out against racial injustice and police brutality, which has gotten undeniable common these days. These players have used their platforms to intensify excluded voices and demand that people take accountability for the actions that have been shown in recent times. These players aren't just balling on the court—they are using their popularity to actually address certain issues that matter. Most importantly, they are making sure everyone is held accountable for their actions, especially when things go sideways or off the walls. Also, they are all about helping the next generation by protecting schools, scholarships, and local programs to give young people a fair shot at life. Some players are even hitting the streets, protesting, organizing events, and supporting politicians who are serious about fairness. Just last year, Steph Curry publicly voiced his vote for Kamala Harris and promoted others to vote for her as well. People like LeBron James, with his "I PROMISE" school, and legends like Bill Russell, who stood up against segregation back in the day, show how committed they are. Even Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, who took a stand, by not standing for the anthem which sparked controversy but, arose awareness, and Maya Moore, who put her career on hold to fight for justice, prove that these players are serious about shaking things up, both in the basketball world and way beyond! These players exemplify how influential figures in basketball have leveraged their status to push for societal improvements, challenge injustices, and inspire widespread action. Through these diverse efforts, all these African American players have demonstrated a commitment to driving meaningful change both within and beyond the basketball world.
Black people have also profoundly shaped and boosted the popularity of the sport basketball. Despite constantly fighting backlash, limited opportunities, and racial segregation, they have continued to excel in the league and other places to showcase their talents. For example, the Harlem Globetrotters are perfect people to describe how African Americans have boosted the popularity and swag of the game itself. Through their entertaining performances and exciting styles, they have endured the role of making the sport more popular around the world. This era of basketball laid the groundwork for the eventual combination of black players playing in different leagues across the world and even creating their own leagues.
While it took a while for black players to integrate into the NBA and other major leagues, once they did integrate icons like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlin, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, and even Michael Jordan dominated the game. These players have all set unbreakable records, won multiple championships, and achieved many individual awards. Their on-court achievements broke the racial barriers that were in the way and even challenged people’s mindset, inspiring a new generation of basketball. A new way of playing the game. A new way of learning the game. A new way of practicing the game. A new way of the sport basketball. Furthermore, these players specifically became cultural icons using their platforms for inspiring the new generation of hoops not only in the big leagues but in small places as well.
Black players have not just shown that sport is all that matters to them. Icons, non-icons, it does not matter. Players that do not have the loudest and most popular fanbase still use their platform for good to express the needs of the community. It has extended to the younger black people joining the league to make it their duty, since the torch has passed to put in the work on and off the court to show that if people come together, a lot of good things can happen. Although it started generations ago, many people are stepping up to showcase that they are not afraid to do what is right.
Ultimately, the integration of African American players into the NBA marked not only their entrance into the league, but into the league of its own. It was a transformative era that shaped how everyone plays the sport and how they take the lessons on the court and apply them to everyday use. Their impact extends far beyond the court. Fundamentally, mentally, and physically there is a new era of basketball because of black people. African American players have reshaped the game’s aesthetics, elevating its global appeal, and catalyzing significant cultural and social shifts resonate to this very day.
Anderson, Ryan K. “Hoops: A Cultural History of Basketball in America.” North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 99, no. 2, Apr. 2024, pp. 250–51. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=d3aa7443-9b7e-340d-a13e-c21a5471e237.
"Black History Month: List of First Black Players to Reach NBA Milestones." NBA.Com, 31 Jan. 2025,
[www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones](http://www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones).
"History of Basketball." Naismithfoundation.Org, 12 Sept. 2022, naismithfoundation.org/history-of-basketball/.
Jennings, Scott . "Basketball History." World of Basketball Your Guide to The Most Popular Sport, 22 Jan. 2015, www.worldofbasketball.org/basketball-history.htm.
Kaiser, Susan B., and Sarah Rebolloso McCullough. “Entangling the Fashion Subject Through the African Diaspora: From Not to (K)Not in Fashion Theory.” Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, vol. 14, no. 3, Sept. 2010, pp. 361–86. EBSCOhost,
[https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331](https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331).
"NBA's 3-point Revolution: How 1 Shot Is Changing the Game."
_NBA.Com_, 14 Oct. 2021, www.nba.com/news/3-point-era-nba-75.
Reese, Renford. “The Life and Legacy of Kobe Bryant: Reflections from Cal Poly Pomona.” Journal of African American Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 339–52. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-021-09523-9.
Taylor-Grover, Leslie. "How The NBA Became Mostly Black." PushBlack Daily Inspiring Black Stories Just for You, 3 May 2021, www.pushblack.us/news/how-nba-became-mostly-black.
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**## Paper1expoo.docx**
**Paper #1 (Exposition)**
Paper #1 is an exposition. Exposition is a form of writing where the main goal is explanation. It will be your job to find and narrow a topic sufficiently so that an in-depth discussion of it is possible in 5 – 8 pages, research that topic and document your research, write a carefully planned expository paper, and revise that paper to the proper academic standard
**.**
The topic you chose for this paper will be used for your second paper (argument) and the final paper (argument +). I sometimes allow students to change topics for the second paper (but you should check with me) because the first paper is primarily providing context for the arguments to come. What is transferred to paper #2 is usually introductory, and the paper provides you with a substantive understanding of the topic and the common knowledge involved.
Thesis statements obviously vary, but for the first paper, you will want something that allows you to explain as much as argue. This is sometimes called a
_soft argument_. For example, if I had chosen octopi as my broad topic, I might narrow things down to the unusual evolutionary development of octopi to allow for deeper exploration in the space allowed. The thesis statement might look something like this
_: “Octopuses and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_
**Due: Friday. 09/26 (at the end of the day) for full credit. After that, it is considered late and subject to a 5% penalty.**
There will be several steps to this, and particularly with this first paper, I will try to help you stay on track, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
·
Be 5 – 8 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three scholarly sources that go beyond foundational knowledge
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the thesis
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class and style type used.
**## INSTRUCTIONSPG.docx**
**INSTUCTIONS**
**Paper #2 (Argument)**
Paper #2 is an argument. This argument should have some connection to the exposition paper, but it should make a separate assertion that takes things further and requires more evidence. For example, if I had chosen the thesis statement
_“Octopi and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_ For Paper #1, then I might decide to narrow things to the nervous system for paper #2 because I’ve seen much more in the scholarly sources on this topic. In paper #1 I explained how octopuses diverged from other mollusks substantially and tied this in some ways to behaviors they have or niches they inhabit, To develop this idea I’ve come up with this thesis:
_“Darwin suggested that evolution was driven by survival of the fittest; if that’s true, then it seems that octopuses at some point found their survival dependent on increasing sophistication particularly in the evolution of their nervous system.”_ This might need to change as I move forward, but I do have a plan for how to move forward, broadly.
This paper should be 6 – 9 pages long and follow the instructions below. It is expected that some of what you’ve done will be integrated into paper #2 if only to provide introductory info. I have found a good way to start is to ask yourself if what you did in paper #1 could be condensed down (summarized briefly) into the introduction before the thesis statement for paper #2. That doesn’t mean that other parts might not be useful, but you should be taking information more than sections of text. Remember, you have a new thesis making a different type of claim, and you must stay focused on that.
There will be several steps to this, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
· Be 6-9 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three more scholarly sources (a total of six) that go beyond foundational knowledge and provide support for your thesis. Some of these new sources must be from peer reviewed journals.
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the topic
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class.
**## NEEDDONE.docx**
Carter3
Paper #1
Although the NBA was created in 1946, African Americans were excluded from playing until the year 1950. Once African American players were able to play, they displayed a massive, new, and intriguing way to play the game of basketball. Black people showed that their way of playing basketball was and is going to be the way everyone plays the game of basketball. Through their innovative playing styles, captivating performances, and advocacy for social change, African American basketball players have profoundly shaped the sports style, boosted its global popularity, and influenced culture both on and off the court.
Basketball was created in late 1891 by a man named James Naismith. James first introduced the sport to the community of what is now called Springfield College while he was an instructor there. As you can imagine, basketball was exceptionally different back then. It was originally used with a soccer ball with the different skills from American football, soccer, and hockey. When the game was first invented, teams had nine players, and the goal was a wooden basket nailed to the walls. Later, the game evolved to what it is now. Teams having 5 players became standard around 1897, it became an indoor and outdoor sport, and it also became popular between both men and women.
By 1895, many U.S colleges had adopted this sport which made it increasingly popular. Then by the 1950’s, basketball had become a major sport in college, which in turn paved the route for the growth of professional basketball. In 1949, two major leagues named the National Basketball League, and the Basketball Association of America later joined forces to create what is now the NBA (National Basketball Association). After the NBA was created, it was not popular until years after. This is mostly because once black people were allowed to join the league, they showed their distinctive styles of playing, their distinctive cultural ways on and off the court, and their distinctive swag on and off the court.
In 1950, once the blacks were allowed to join the league, Earl Lloyd changed the game forever by suiting up for the Washington Capitols. In a league that was previously talent judged by race, it had been completely shattered from the actions of one person. Earl Llyod. He proved that skill had no color— more importantly no race. Earl opened the door for many more African Americans to participate and earn their way to the league. By doing this, Earl was making a commanding statement by challenging old prejudices and sacrificing himself to prove people wrong. Lloyd’s impact goes way beyond his stats. He helped shape the NBA into a more inclusive and exciting place, paving the legacy of equality in the league. He was not just a player; he was a person who broke the NBA’s color barrier.
Black players have undeniably revolutionized basketball with their groundbreaking, exciting, and inventive style of play. Black players brought a new level of athleticism, creativity, and flair to the game. For instance, LeBron James is a world-renowned basketball player who has been competing at a high level for over twenty years in the NBA. He has shaped the game exclusively by his style of play by being dominant, his physicality, and his IQ. Many people respect LeBron James to the point that he is considered in the G.O.A.T conversation. Another great player who has shaped the game is Stephen Curry. Steph has altered the game in ways that people did not even believe was possible. At a certain point in the NBA, the goal was to get downhill, run somebody over, and put the ball in the hoop. In this generation, players are working on their footwork, dancing with the ball, and taking highly contested step back three pointers. Steph Curry is the reason for this. He converts on this so much that people want to be like him. Many people try to even do his celebrations. His “Night Night” celebration. His no look three celebration. It is honestly just ridiculous at how much Steph Curry has changed the game by just doing his strength— shooting the basketball. After Steph Curry, the NBA has seen a major increase in 3-point shots attempted. In 2010-2011, that percentage rose from 22.9% to 39.2% in the 2024-2025 season. From inventive shot making ability, crazy ball handling skills, and the acrobatic dunking, black people have consistently redefined what is possible on the court. This influence has not only shaped the sport in the United States but also has resonated globally, inspiring players and fans worldwide to embrace a more expensive and dynamic approach.
African Americans in basketball have used their visibility and name to advocate for change in several powerful ways to influence the world globally. Many have spoken out against racial injustice and police brutality, which has gotten undeniable common these days. These players have used their platforms to intensify excluded voices and demand that people take accountability for the actions that have been shown in recent times. These players aren't just balling on the court—they are using their popularity to actually address certain issues that matter. Most importantly, they are making sure everyone is held accountable for their actions, especially when things go sideways or off the walls. Also, they are all about helping the next generation by protecting schools, scholarships, and local programs to give young people a fair shot at life. Some players are even hitting the streets, protesting, organizing events, and supporting politicians who are serious about fairness. Just last year, Steph Curry publicly voiced his vote for Kamala Harris and promoted others to vote for her as well. People like LeBron James, with his "I PROMISE" school, and legends like Bill Russell, who stood up against segregation back in the day, show how committed they are. Even Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, who took a stand, by not standing for the anthem which sparked controversy but, arose awareness, and Maya Moore, who put her career on hold to fight for justice, prove that these players are serious about shaking things up, both in the basketball world and way beyond! These players exemplify how influential figures in basketball have leveraged their status to push for societal improvements, challenge injustices, and inspire widespread action. Through these diverse efforts, all these African American players have demonstrated a commitment to driving meaningful change both within and beyond the basketball world.
Black people have also profoundly shaped and boosted the popularity of the sport basketball. Despite constantly fighting backlash, limited opportunities, and racial segregation, they have continued to excel in the league and other places to showcase their talents. For example, the Harlem Globetrotters are perfect people to describe how African Americans have boosted the popularity and swag of the game itself. Through their entertaining performances and exciting styles, they have endured the role of making the sport more popular around the world. This era of basketball laid the groundwork for the eventual combination of black players playing in different leagues across the world and even creating their own leagues.
While it took a while for black players to integrate into the NBA and other major leagues, once they did integrate icons like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlin, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, and even Michael Jordan dominated the game. These players have all set unbreakable records, won multiple championships, and achieved many individual awards. Their on-court achievements broke the racial barriers that were in the way and even challenged people’s mindset, inspiring a new generation of basketball. A new way of playing the game. A new way of learning the game. A new way of practicing the game. A new way of the sport basketball. Furthermore, these players specifically became cultural icons using their platforms for inspiring the new generation of hoops not only in the big leagues but in small places as well.
Black players have not just shown that sport is all that matters to them. Icons, non-icons, it does not matter. Players that do not have the loudest and most popular fanbase still use their platform for good to express the needs of the community. It has extended to the younger black people joining the league to make it their duty, since the torch has passed to put in the work on and off the court to show that if people come together, a lot of good things can happen. Although it started generations ago, many people are stepping up to showcase that they are not afraid to do what is right.
Ultimately, the integration of African American players into the NBA marked not only their entrance into the league, but into the league of its own. It was a transformative era that shaped how everyone plays the sport and how they take the lessons on the court and apply them to everyday use. Their impact extends far beyond the court. Fundamentally, mentally, and physically there is a new era of basketball because of black people. African American players have reshaped the game’s aesthetics, elevating its global appeal, and catalyzing significant cultural and social shifts resonate to this very day.
Anderson, Ryan K. “Hoops: A Cultural History of Basketball in America.” North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 99, no. 2, Apr. 2024, pp. 250–51. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=d3aa7443-9b7e-340d-a13e-c21a5471e237.
"Black History Month: List of First Black Players to Reach NBA Milestones." NBA.Com, 31 Jan. 2025,
[www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones](http://www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones).
"History of Basketball." Naismithfoundation.Org, 12 Sept. 2022, naismithfoundation.org/history-of-basketball/.
Jennings, Scott . "Basketball History." World of Basketball Your Guide to The Most Popular Sport, 22 Jan. 2015, www.worldofbasketball.org/basketball-history.htm.
Kaiser, Susan B., and Sarah Rebolloso McCullough. “Entangling the Fashion Subject Through the African Diaspora: From Not to (K)Not in Fashion Theory.” Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, vol. 14, no. 3, Sept. 2010, pp. 361–86. EBSCOhost,
[https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331](https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331).
"NBA's 3-point Revolution: How 1 Shot Is Changing the Game."
_NBA.Com_, 14 Oct. 2021, www.nba.com/news/3-point-era-nba-75.
Reese, Renford. “The Life and Legacy of Kobe Bryant: Reflections from Cal Poly Pomona.” Journal of African American Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 339–52. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-021-09523-9.
Taylor-Grover, Leslie. "How The NBA Became Mostly Black." PushBlack Daily Inspiring Black Stories Just for You, 3 May 2021, www.pushblack.us/news/how-nba-became-mostly-black.
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**## Paper1expoo.docx**
**Paper #1 (Exposition)**
Paper #1 is an exposition. Exposition is a form of writing where the main goal is explanation. It will be your job to find and narrow a topic sufficiently so that an in-depth discussion of it is possible in 5 – 8 pages, research that topic and document your research, write a carefully planned expository paper, and revise that paper to the proper academic standard
**.**
The topic you chose for this paper will be used for your second paper (argument) and the final paper (argument +). I sometimes allow students to change topics for the second paper (but you should check with me) because the first paper is primarily providing context for the arguments to come. What is transferred to paper #2 is usually introductory, and the paper provides you with a substantive understanding of the topic and the common knowledge involved.
Thesis statements obviously vary, but for the first paper, you will want something that allows you to explain as much as argue. This is sometimes called a
_soft argument_. For example, if I had chosen octopi as my broad topic, I might narrow things down to the unusual evolutionary development of octopi to allow for deeper exploration in the space allowed. The thesis statement might look something like this
_: “Octopuses and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_
**Due: Friday. 09/26 (at the end of the day) for full credit. After that, it is considered late and subject to a 5% penalty.**
There will be several steps to this, and particularly with this first paper, I will try to help you stay on track, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
·
Be 5 – 8 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three scholarly sources that go beyond foundational knowledge
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the thesis
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class and style type used.
**## INSTRUCTIONSPG.docx**
**INSTUCTIONS**
**Paper #2 (Argument)**
Paper #2 is an argument. This argument should have some connection to the exposition paper, but it should make a separate assertion that takes things further and requires more evidence. For example, if I had chosen the thesis statement
_“Octopi and some squid have followed a substantially different evolutionary path than most animals seeming to have left their evolutionary forebears far behind them in several adaptations, particularly in their neurological development.”_ For Paper #1, then I might decide to narrow things to the nervous system for paper #2 because I’ve seen much more in the scholarly sources on this topic. In paper #1 I explained how octopuses diverged from other mollusks substantially and tied this in some ways to behaviors they have or niches they inhabit, To develop this idea I’ve come up with this thesis:
_“Darwin suggested that evolution was driven by survival of the fittest; if that’s true, then it seems that octopuses at some point found their survival dependent on increasing sophistication particularly in the evolution of their nervous system.”_ This might need to change as I move forward, but I do have a plan for how to move forward, broadly.
This paper should be 6 – 9 pages long and follow the instructions below. It is expected that some of what you’ve done will be integrated into paper #2 if only to provide introductory info. I have found a good way to start is to ask yourself if what you did in paper #1 could be condensed down (summarized briefly) into the introduction before the thesis statement for paper #2. That doesn’t mean that other parts might not be useful, but you should be taking information more than sections of text. Remember, you have a new thesis making a different type of claim, and you must stay focused on that.
There will be several steps to this, but the resulting paper will need to do the following:
· Be 6-9 pages long not including the appropriate style’s end list of sources
·
Include appropriate in-text academic citation style and source list
·
Include at least three more scholarly sources (a total of six) that go beyond foundational knowledge and provide support for your thesis. Some of these new sources must be from peer reviewed journals.
_These sources will be appropriately cited within the text, and all sources (cited or consulted) will be included in appropriate end list._
· Address the topic with a depth appropriate for an academic work
· Supply what background is needed, and only what is needed, for an academic reader
· Include a thesis statement that properly directs the paper and answers a focused research question
· Leave no obvious gaps or lingering questions for the reader
· Follow a clear and logical train of thought at both the local and global levels without straying from the topic
· Carefully adhere to the conventions of grammar, usage, and mechanics as well as the formats required for the class.
**## NEEDDONE.docx**
Carter3
Paper #1
Although the NBA was created in 1946, African Americans were excluded from playing until the year 1950. Once African American players were able to play, they displayed a massive, new, and intriguing way to play the game of basketball. Black people showed that their way of playing basketball was and is going to be the way everyone plays the game of basketball. Through their innovative playing styles, captivating performances, and advocacy for social change, African American basketball players have profoundly shaped the sports style, boosted its global popularity, and influenced culture both on and off the court.
Basketball was created in late 1891 by a man named James Naismith. James first introduced the sport to the community of what is now called Springfield College while he was an instructor there. As you can imagine, basketball was exceptionally different back then. It was originally used with a soccer ball with the different skills from American football, soccer, and hockey. When the game was first invented, teams had nine players, and the goal was a wooden basket nailed to the walls. Later, the game evolved to what it is now. Teams having 5 players became standard around 1897, it became an indoor and outdoor sport, and it also became popular between both men and women.
By 1895, many U.S colleges had adopted this sport which made it increasingly popular. Then by the 1950’s, basketball had become a major sport in college, which in turn paved the route for the growth of professional basketball. In 1949, two major leagues named the National Basketball League, and the Basketball Association of America later joined forces to create what is now the NBA (National Basketball Association). After the NBA was created, it was not popular until years after. This is mostly because once black people were allowed to join the league, they showed their distinctive styles of playing, their distinctive cultural ways on and off the court, and their distinctive swag on and off the court.
In 1950, once the blacks were allowed to join the league, Earl Lloyd changed the game forever by suiting up for the Washington Capitols. In a league that was previously talent judged by race, it had been completely shattered from the actions of one person. Earl Llyod. He proved that skill had no color— more importantly no race. Earl opened the door for many more African Americans to participate and earn their way to the league. By doing this, Earl was making a commanding statement by challenging old prejudices and sacrificing himself to prove people wrong. Lloyd’s impact goes way beyond his stats. He helped shape the NBA into a more inclusive and exciting place, paving the legacy of equality in the league. He was not just a player; he was a person who broke the NBA’s color barrier.
Black players have undeniably revolutionized basketball with their groundbreaking, exciting, and inventive style of play. Black players brought a new level of athleticism, creativity, and flair to the game. For instance, LeBron James is a world-renowned basketball player who has been competing at a high level for over twenty years in the NBA. He has shaped the game exclusively by his style of play by being dominant, his physicality, and his IQ. Many people respect LeBron James to the point that he is considered in the G.O.A.T conversation. Another great player who has shaped the game is Stephen Curry. Steph has altered the game in ways that people did not even believe was possible. At a certain point in the NBA, the goal was to get downhill, run somebody over, and put the ball in the hoop. In this generation, players are working on their footwork, dancing with the ball, and taking highly contested step back three pointers. Steph Curry is the reason for this. He converts on this so much that people want to be like him. Many people try to even do his celebrations. His “Night Night” celebration. His no look three celebration. It is honestly just ridiculous at how much Steph Curry has changed the game by just doing his strength— shooting the basketball. After Steph Curry, the NBA has seen a major increase in 3-point shots attempted. In 2010-2011, that percentage rose from 22.9% to 39.2% in the 2024-2025 season. From inventive shot making ability, crazy ball handling skills, and the acrobatic dunking, black people have consistently redefined what is possible on the court. This influence has not only shaped the sport in the United States but also has resonated globally, inspiring players and fans worldwide to embrace a more expensive and dynamic approach.
African Americans in basketball have used their visibility and name to advocate for change in several powerful ways to influence the world globally. Many have spoken out against racial injustice and police brutality, which has gotten undeniable common these days. These players have used their platforms to intensify excluded voices and demand that people take accountability for the actions that have been shown in recent times. These players aren't just balling on the court—they are using their popularity to actually address certain issues that matter. Most importantly, they are making sure everyone is held accountable for their actions, especially when things go sideways or off the walls. Also, they are all about helping the next generation by protecting schools, scholarships, and local programs to give young people a fair shot at life. Some players are even hitting the streets, protesting, organizing events, and supporting politicians who are serious about fairness. Just last year, Steph Curry publicly voiced his vote for Kamala Harris and promoted others to vote for her as well. People like LeBron James, with his "I PROMISE" school, and legends like Bill Russell, who stood up against segregation back in the day, show how committed they are. Even Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, who took a stand, by not standing for the anthem which sparked controversy but, arose awareness, and Maya Moore, who put her career on hold to fight for justice, prove that these players are serious about shaking things up, both in the basketball world and way beyond! These players exemplify how influential figures in basketball have leveraged their status to push for societal improvements, challenge injustices, and inspire widespread action. Through these diverse efforts, all these African American players have demonstrated a commitment to driving meaningful change both within and beyond the basketball world.
Black people have also profoundly shaped and boosted the popularity of the sport basketball. Despite constantly fighting backlash, limited opportunities, and racial segregation, they have continued to excel in the league and other places to showcase their talents. For example, the Harlem Globetrotters are perfect people to describe how African Americans have boosted the popularity and swag of the game itself. Through their entertaining performances and exciting styles, they have endured the role of making the sport more popular around the world. This era of basketball laid the groundwork for the eventual combination of black players playing in different leagues across the world and even creating their own leagues.
While it took a while for black players to integrate into the NBA and other major leagues, once they did integrate icons like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlin, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, and even Michael Jordan dominated the game. These players have all set unbreakable records, won multiple championships, and achieved many individual awards. Their on-court achievements broke the racial barriers that were in the way and even challenged people’s mindset, inspiring a new generation of basketball. A new way of playing the game. A new way of learning the game. A new way of practicing the game. A new way of the sport basketball. Furthermore, these players specifically became cultural icons using their platforms for inspiring the new generation of hoops not only in the big leagues but in small places as well.
Black players have not just shown that sport is all that matters to them. Icons, non-icons, it does not matter. Players that do not have the loudest and most popular fanbase still use their platform for good to express the needs of the community. It has extended to the younger black people joining the league to make it their duty, since the torch has passed to put in the work on and off the court to show that if people come together, a lot of good things can happen. Although it started generations ago, many people are stepping up to showcase that they are not afraid to do what is right.
Ultimately, the integration of African American players into the NBA marked not only their entrance into the league, but into the league of its own. It was a transformative era that shaped how everyone plays the sport and how they take the lessons on the court and apply them to everyday use. Their impact extends far beyond the court. Fundamentally, mentally, and physically there is a new era of basketball because of black people. African American players have reshaped the game’s aesthetics, elevating its global appeal, and catalyzing significant cultural and social shifts resonate to this very day.
Anderson, Ryan K. “Hoops: A Cultural History of Basketball in America.” North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 99, no. 2, Apr. 2024, pp. 250–51. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=d3aa7443-9b7e-340d-a13e-c21a5471e237.
"Black History Month: List of First Black Players to Reach NBA Milestones." NBA.Com, 31 Jan. 2025,
[www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones](http://www.nba.com/news/first-black-players-nba-milestones).
"History of Basketball." Naismithfoundation.Org, 12 Sept. 2022, naismithfoundation.org/history-of-basketball/.
Jennings, Scott . "Basketball History." World of Basketball Your Guide to The Most Popular Sport, 22 Jan. 2015, www.worldofbasketball.org/basketball-history.htm.
Kaiser, Susan B., and Sarah Rebolloso McCullough. “Entangling the Fashion Subject Through the African Diaspora: From Not to (K)Not in Fashion Theory.” Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, vol. 14, no. 3, Sept. 2010, pp. 361–86. EBSCOhost,
[https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331](https://doi.org/10.2752/175174110X12712411520331).
"NBA's 3-point Revolution: How 1 Shot Is Changing the Game."
_NBA.Com_, 14 Oct. 2021, www.nba.com/news/3-point-era-nba-75.
Reese, Renford. “The Life and Legacy of Kobe Bryant: Reflections from Cal Poly Pomona.” Journal of African American Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 339–52. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-021-09523-9.
Taylor-Grover, Leslie. "How The NBA Became Mostly Black." PushBlack Daily Inspiring Black Stories Just for You, 3 May 2021, www.pushblack.us/news/how-nba-became-mostly-black.
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